scholarly journals THE FAREWELL FORMULA DAVAY IN SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
М.А. Кронгауз
Keyword(s):  
Single Word ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
End Point ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Imperative Mood ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Form

В статье показан возможный путь формирования формулы прощания давай, состоящий из двух параллельных процессов: трансформации пожелания в формулу прощания и компрессии этой формулы. Трансформация заключается в тяготении пожелания к конечной точке в диалоге, а позднее и фиксации в этой позиции. Компрессия заключается в отпадении частей формулы вплоть до свертывания ее в одно слово. Современная форма повелительного наклонения давай однозначно воспринимается как побуждение говорящим собеседника и встраивается в ряд с просторечными формулами прощания будь и бывай. Однако мы видим, что в прототипической формуле (давай + местоимение в Д.п. + Бог + существительное в В.п.) глагол обращен не к собеседнику, а к Богу или мирозданию. Невозможно утверждать, что фраза типа Давай тебе Бог счастья! стала единственным источником современной формулы прощания давай. Тем не менее важно наличие устойчивой формулы-предшественницы, выполняющей тождественную функцию (т. е. не только пожелания, но и прощания). The article shows a possible way to form a formula for saying goodbye, which comprises two parallel processes: the transformation of a wish into a formula for saying goodbye and the compression of this formula. The transformation consists of a wish gravitating towards the end point in the dialog, and later fixation in this position. Compression consists of dropping off parts of a formula up to collapsing into a single word. The modern form of the imperative mood davay is clearly perceived as an incentive made by the speaker to the interlocutor and it fits in the same row with colloquial formulas of farewell bud’ and byvay. However, we see that in the prototypical formula (davay + the pronoun in the dative case + God + noun in the accusative case) the verb is not addressed to the interlocutor, but to God or the universe. It is impossible to assert that the phrases like Davay tebe Bog schact’a! have become the only source of the modern formula davay for saying goodbye. Nevertheless, it is important to have a stable predecessor formula that performs the same function (that is, not only one of a wish, but also of a farewell).

Roshdi Rashed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aref
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This review essay introduces the work of the Egyptian scientific historian and philosopher Roshdi Rashed, a pioneer in the field of the history of Arab sciences. The article is based on the five volumes he originally wrote in French and later translated into Arabic, which were published by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies and which are now widely acclaimed as a unique effort to unveil the achievements of Arab scientists. The essay reviews this major work, which seems, like Plato’s Republic to have “No Entry for Those Who Have No Knowledge of Mathematics” written on its gate. If you force your way in, even with elementary knowledge of computation, a philosophy will unfold before your eyes, described by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei as “written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes—I mean the universe—but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written. This book is written in the mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it; without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth.” The essay is a journey through this labyrinth where the history of world mathematics got lost and was chronicled by Rashed in five volumes translated from the French into Arabic. It took him fifteen years to complete.

Sign languages to unfold the Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Varano
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Main Medium ◽  
The Universe

<p>Sign languages ​​arise from the need of communities of deaf people to communicate with each other and with others. Like all natural languages, they are tied to the traditions and cultures of the communities that invented and developed them. The sign language used in Italy is the Italian Sign Language, LIS.</p> <p>The strong iconicity of LIS is very interesting from the point of view of communication and didactics of astronomy, also for the hearing impaired. The signs used for astronomical concepts and objects often express the meaning and nature of what is represented, much more than a single word in the Italian language does.</p> <p>LIS is therefore effective not only for inclusive communication aimed at deaf people, but it can be effective for everyone, both in terms of equity and awareness of diversity and in terms of knowledge of astronomy and its link with culture and tradition.</p> <p>We will present a set of videos published on EduINAF, the outreach and education online magazine of the Italian National Isntitute for Astrophysics, in which the LIS is the main medium of the storytelling. Each video has subtitles, in order to make the LIS understandable for all.</p>

Realisation of Self and Power

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Debaise
Keyword(s):  
Final State ◽  
Actual Entity ◽  
End Point ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe ◽  
As If

The process of individuation has an end. The passage from disjunctive diversity to the unity of a new entity embodied by the subject has a conclusion, namely, the effective realisation of the entity, its full actualisation. This end point of individuation is reached following the determination of every positive and negative prehension of the entity, that is, when all of its relations with other entities have been established. It is, then, fully a perspective, a being-situated in the universe, a junction between and a unity of everything that exists. It attains, in its final state of concrescence, what Whitehead calls ‘satisfaction’. This ‘satisfaction’ is not a common end, identifiable with all the others, as if there were a pre-existing finality in individuation that would be actualised in a particular manner. It is ‘a generic term: there are specific differences between the “satisfactions” of different entities, including gradations of intensity’ (PR, 84). In the same way that every prehension is singular and belongs to the subjective orientation of every actual entity, the end of an entity is specific, it is that end for that entity.

A Tale of Two Crematoria:

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Lawrence Chua
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Political Community ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Rational Representation ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Form

In 1926, the remains of Siam's last absolute monarch were cremated on Bangkok's royal parade grounds, Sanam Luang, in a highly decorated ceremonial pyre known as the phra merumat or phra men. Modeled on Mount Meru, the center of the Vedic and Buddhist cosmos, ephemeral structures like this drew on the Traiphum phra ruang, a fourteenth-century text that elaborated the hierarchical structure of the universe and the exalted place of royalty within it. After the overthrow of the absolute monarchy in 1932, the sanctity of Sanam Luang was challenged when a controversial crematorium for commoners who died defending Siam's nascent constitution was built in the area once reserved for royalty. Together, the two crematoria played an important role in representing new forms of national belonging in the twentieth century that were consistent with older conceptions of social hierarchy. In A Tale of Two Crematoria: Funeral Architecture and the Politics of Representation in Mid-Twentieth-Century Bangkok, Lawrence Chua examines literary, pictorial, and architectural representations of the monumental crematoria from which powerful, meritorious people were historically dispatched to the upper echelons of the cosmos. As seen in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century temple murals and literature, the phra men was historically depicted as a space in which diverse social groups were brought together but hierarchically segregated. By the twentieth century, the above-noted crematoria for king and commoners—although radically different in appearance and ideology—could be understood as complementary structures that allowed older spatial and political approaches not only to survive but also to flourish in an era of turbulent social upheaval. Key to this continuity was the deployment of new modes of architectural representation such as the plan and section. Associated with Siam's nascent architectural profession and the rational representation of space, these tools depicted a modern form of political community and premodern social hierarchy while underscoring the shared fate of citizens and the state.

Philological Contributions to Hattian-Hittite Religion (I)

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Oğuz Soysal
Keyword(s):  
Accusative Case ◽  
The Real ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Divine Name

AbstractIn the first part of the present study the frequent Hittite cult phrase d(GN) aku- / eku- "to drink a deity" is discussed as to whether it should be understood in the accusative or dative sense. The drinking act devoted to divine honor is accompanied chiefly by the accusative case of the deity name. There are also some exceptional cases in which the divine proper name is used in the dative case. In the light of a list of Hattian deities in KBo 21.85+ I 12'-25' it is proposed here that the divine name in the expressiond d(GN) aku- / eku- with ending -n may have been originally constructed in the dative case under influence of Hattian. Since the Hattian dative marker -n is formally the same as the Hittite ending -n for the singular accusative, it is possible that the Hittites had adopted this cult expression in their language in a manner where the divine proper name would function as accusative. This use may have been transformed later into the real "Hittite" accusative in -n.The second part deals with the cult object GIŠhalm/puti- (with other cognate designations) and with its possible connection to GIŠkalmuš-. Materially, these tools appear not to have the same functions, but on the philological level, both words may stem from the same Hattian root halwuutti-.

scholarly journals Contemporary “Postapocalypse” as a Form of Eschatological Myth Represented in the «S.T.A.L.K.E.R.» Computer Game

2014 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Aleksey I. Pozharov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Form

Discusses the phenomenon of “postapocalypse” or a modern form of the eschatological myth representation in mass culture. The author analyses the structure of the myth implemented in the computer game and argues that contemporary culture endlessly reproducing different scenarios of the last day of the Universe is not able to answer what a changed world is to become after passing through a series of apocalyptic catastrophes.

scholarly journals German Passives and English Benefactives

Nordlyd ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Vera Lee-Schoenfeld ◽  
Nicholas Twiner
Keyword(s):  
Double Object ◽  
Active Voice ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Theta Role ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Case Feature

In both English benefactive constructions (John baked Mary a cake) and German kriegen/bekommen-passives (Er kriegte einen Stift geschenkt ‘He got a pen gifted’), the theme argument is accusative-marked but has no way of getting structural accusative case. In English benefactive constructions, this is because the beneficiary argument intervenes between the voice head and the theme, and in German kriegen/bekommen-passives, it is because there is no active voice head. This paper proposes that, in both languages, the applicative head introducing the beneficiary/recipient (more generally, the affectee argument), comes with an extra case feature that can license case on the theme argument. In English, this non-canonical accusative case feature comes with the regular applicative head introducing the beneficiary argument. In contrast, in German, it comes with a defective applicative head which introduces the recipient but is unable to assign to it the inherent dative case that normally comes with the Affectee theta-role. The paper offers a unified analysis of English and German double object constructions and also of German werden (‘be’) and kriegen/bekommen (‘get’)-passives.

scholarly journals An Analysis of a Noun Phrase in Ichindali

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Neema Jangstony Kibona
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
The North ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
The Way

Ichindali is one of the Ethnic Community Languages spoken by an increasing population of the Ndali people in Mbeya region. The Ndali people live in southern Tanzania, Mbeya Region. Ileje District has 124,451 speakers in 2012. Ileje is bordered to the North by Mbeya rural and Rungwe district, to the East by Kyela district. Ndali people live in an area which crosses the Tanzania Malawi border. This paper investigates the way noun phrases are formed in Ichindali and the order of their formation (constituents) in this particular language. Therefore the main objectives of this paper were: i. To find out the Criteria for categorizing noun phrase elements in Ichindali. ii. To examine the various kinds of dependents in Ichindali noun phrase. In arriving at these objectives, the writer posed the following questions as a guide: i. What are the criteria relevant in categorizing the dependents of the noun in Ichindali? ii. What kinds of dependents form a noun phrase in Ichindali? A conclusion has been drawn from this work is that, the structure of a noun phrase in Ichindali is N-Det-Mod. An NP can function as a subject, direct or primary objects which is normally expressed in the accusative case, indirect or secondary object in dative case as well as an object of preposition.

scholarly journals Case and event structure

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Author(s):  
Peter Svenonius
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Event Structure ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Case Theory ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Structural Case ◽  
Feature Checking

I argue in this paper for a novel analysis of case in Icelandic, with implications for case theory in general. I argue that structural case is the manifestation on the noun phrase of features which are semantically interpretable only on verbal projections; thus, Icelandic case does not encode features of noun phrase interpretation, but it is not uninterpretable either; case is properly seen as reflecting (interpretable) tense and aspect features. Accusative case in Icelandic is available when the two subevents introduced in a transitive verb phrase are identified with each other, and dative case is available when the two parts are distinct (thus Icelandic case manifests aktionsart or inner aspect, in partial contrast to Finnish). This analysis bears directly on the theory of feature checking in the Minimalist Program; specifically, it paves the way for a restrictive theory of feature checking in which no features are strictly uninterpretable: all formal features come in interpretable-uninterpretable pairs, and feature checking is the matching of such pairs, driven by legibility conditions at Spell-Out.  

scholarly journals Galaxies and Their Nuclei

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
V. A. Ambartsumian
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Nicolaus Copernicus ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Form

Our Extraordinary General Assembly is devoted to the memory of one of the greatest men of science to the genial Polish astronomer - Nicolaus Copernicus. The main service of Copernicus which has made his name immortal was in finding the correct interpretation of the planetary motions we observe. Instead of geocentric notions, which proved unable to explain the accumulated bulk of empirical data on the apparent motions of planets he has put forward and advocated the notion of a solar system thus presenting the true picture of the part of the Universe we live in. The scientific revolution started by him was continued by Galileo and Kepler and was crowned with the great theoretical generalizations of Newton. As a result a foundation has been created for the most exact theories of motions in the solar system which were developed during the next centuries. These theories in their modern form give also the possibility to solve all the problems concerning the orbital motions of spaceships.At this stage we can not yet boast that in the study of nuclei of galaxies and their activity we have reached the level which existed in planetary astronomy even before the works of Newton. Only 15 years elapsed from the moment when the idea of activity of nuclei of galaxies was clearly formulated (Ambartsumian, 1958). During these years discoveries of the greatest importance have been made. New unexpected discoveries occur almost each year. These discoveries influence decisively our notions on the diversity of objects and phenomena in the distant space, but they are still insufficient for the construction of adequate theories. In order to penetrate into the very nature of nuclear phenomena we require new observations, new measurements and new data. And if some optimists imagine that the time has already ripen to build a general theory of these phenomena, the more cautious astronomers would like to consider a more or less satisfactory systematization of observational data concerning the activity of nuclei and the understanding of external physical processes accompanying it as a tremendous success.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document