The concept of “sustainable development” at macro micro-levels: historical overview, approaches to interpretation, characteristics of component concepts
Introduction. Currently, leading economists from different countries are paying more and more attention to the issue of ”sustainable development”, as this issue is currently relevant not only for the country's economy as a whole, but also at the enterprise level. However, because this is a multifaceted and complex category. Many questions arise around it and they remain insufficiently studied and require in-depth research. The purpose of the paper. The scientific literature contains different approaches and different interpretations of the concept of “sustainable development” each scientist interprets this concept in his research. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the historical aspects of the emergence of this concept, to summarize the existing approaches to the interpretation of the category of “sustainable development” and to provide their own understanding of this concept. Find out the main components of sustainable development at the macro and micro levels and provide their characteristics, as well as understand what factors influence the sustainable development of the enterprise. Results. This paper analyzes the history of the concept of sustainable development, notes the basic principles of sustainable development. The approaches of various scientific opinions to the definition of “sustainable development” have been studied, generalized and systematized. Using the experience of domestic and foreign scientists on the interpretation of the concept of sustainable development, defined their own vision of the essence of the concept, and defined the concept of “sustainable development of the enterprise”. The conceptual foundations of the theory of sustainable development, which see a combination of certain basic components, were analyzed. The paper describes the above components of sustainable development in terms of enterprise: economic, social, environmental. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise are identified. Conclusion. Thus, the needs of a market economy in modern conditions require more flexibility from enterprises, more policies that are «modern» and strategies of competition. This, in turn, encourages companies to seek new approaches to conducting their business. It is the trajectory of sustainable development of economic activity of the enterprise and is one of the key activities of economic entities, which will contribute to the effective results of this activity.