Price trends and price ratio in the COVID-19 pandemic: case analysis of some countries

The purpose of the article is to investigate based on a situational analysis, the dynamics of some price trends and price ratios in the agri-food market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to develop a generalized forecast of their possible further development. Consider, according to the proposed hypothesis, how the price parameters of food products under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine restrictions will undergo changes, depending on the effectiveness of economic policy and the adopted agricultural model. Research methods. It was based on a situational analysis of open data of price ratios and series of price dynamics for agricultural products and products of its processing. At the same time, the cost indicators were transformed at the current exchange rate of the NBU. Standard comparison methods, indices and logical analysis-synthesis were used. Some of the above positions were discussed with fellow scientists from foreign countries. Research results. Quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a decline in business activity and a reduction in export potential. This had a significant impact on the volume of GDP. However, the agrarian sector shows a significantly lower elasticity of operating and foreign economic activity. The price indices for agricultural products are showing some fluctuations, and recently a cautious upward trend. The total cost of the basket in Ukraine and Poland is close, but in Israel, it is 2.6 times higher than in Ukraine. This is due not only to significant differences in production conditions, but also to the different structure and organization of the industry. Scientific novelty. Consists of a study of the determinative effect of quarantine restrictions on price parameters and ratio in individual countries. Practical significance. Recommendations for strengthening the liberal component in foreign economic relations of agricultural circulation have been established. Tabl.: 3. Refs.: 12.

Strategic guidelines and priority directions for sustainable development of rural communities and territories in Ukraine in the context of power decentralization

The purpose of the article is is to determine strategic guidelines and priority directions of sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities and territories in the conditions of power decentralization and self-government reform in Ukraine. Research methods. The techniques of the abstract-logical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and comparison were used to generalise the study's theoretical and methodological aspects. In analytical studies, some economic and statistical methods were used to diagnose the trends in the development of rural communities and territories in the context of decentralization of power (comparative analysis, averages and relative values, statistical groupings, trend analysis, graphical method, index analysis, etc.)—some forms of abstract-logical tools allowed to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. It is proved that the sustainable development of rural communities and territories presupposes the unity and balance of its four components: economic, social, ecological and institutional. The economic component should be based on obtaining the maximum aggregate income while maintaining and increasing the working aggregate capital and production volumes of competitive products; social - on creating the optimal social conditions and improving the quality of human life as the primary value of the society; ecological - on the balance of biological and natural systems, the integrity of the biosphere and ecosystem and their ability to self-reproduction; institutional - on strengthening the institution's role in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities and territories. Together, they constitute strategic guidelines for sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities and territories and provide specific priority directions. Scientific novelty. In the article, the complex of strategic guidelines and priority directions of sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities and territories in power decentralization and self-government reform at the primary level on four components have been improved (economic, social, ecological and institutional). This will substantiate the methods and mechanisms of implementation of state policy to ensure its. Practical significance. The defined and substantiated strategic guidelines and priority directions set out in the article can be taken into account in developing effective targeted government policy aimed at sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities and territories in Ukraine. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 22.

Theoretical basis of strengthening the action of the domestic institute of audit

The purpose of the article is to provide a critical assessment of the institutional structure and capacity of the domestic audit system, to form a theoretical basis for strengthening its institutional effectiveness in the national interests and in the context of European integration and globalization of Ukraine's economy. Research methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: dialectical (in the knowledge of the substantive features of the institution of audit); monographic (analysis of the evolution of the institutional development of the audit institution); analysis (to clarify the compliance of the audit with the parameters of a socio-economic institution); synthesis and evaluation (for the study of Strategies and Concepts of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine); empirical (based on a comprehensive assessment of the current state of auditing in Ukraine); comparative analysis (the directions of integration of program documents for the development of the audit institute with the European Union and the International Federation of Accountants are determined), statistical (in the study of the state of audit activity in Ukraine); modeling and classification (to determine the internal structure of the audit institution, classification and hierarchy of its components); comparison (to prove the absence of heredity in the program documents of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine); abstrac1t-logical (theoretical generalizations of the directions of development of the audit institution in Ukraine and the formulation of conclusions). Research results. They consist in identifying the problems of heredity of program documents of the domestic audit system, their value guidelines and the formation of proposals for building an effective structure and hierarchy of components of the audit institution. Scientific novelty. They are associated with the use of an institutional approach to the periodization of the development of the audit system in Ukraine, ensuring its effectiveness through adherence to the hierarchy of components so characteristic of socio-economic institutions. Practical significance. The results obtained indicate the problems of the development of the domestic audit institution and the ways to overcome them using knowledge and approaches on the institutional theory of audit. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 22.

Theoretical and methodological basis of agricultural cooperation development in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the processes related to institutional changes in the legal regulation of the agricultural cooperation development. Research methods. Built on the doctrine of the fundamental principles of cooperation. The dialectical method of scientific knowledge, systemic generalization, abstract synthesis was used in accordance with the changes in the legislative framework when defining the essence and methodological assessment of relations in agriculture. Research results. A substantiated analysis of changes in the legal framework for the development of agricultural cooperation in 2020 is carried out. The need to harmonize the fundamental principles of cooperation and the practice of forming agricultural cooperatives in rural areas is proved, taking into account the development priorities of various cooperative structures. Scientific novelty. The essence of the operation of the legal framework for the formation and functioning of agricultural cooperatives in the context of the transformation of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy is revealed, legal collisions of the formation of pseudo-cooperatives are substantiated. Practical significance. The disadvantages of the new legislative framework for the development of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine are indicated, which can be used in the formation of the programmatic basis for the creation of agricultural cooperatives. Refs.: 15.

Food supplying in Ukraine and the world under COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of the article is to study an impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of global agricultural market, situation with food supplying in Ukraine and other countries, as well as to assess development of related processes in the near future. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for describing the overall situation in global, regional and national agri-food markets due to the effects of coronavirus pandemic from 2020 to the present, analysis and synthesis - for studying food security in separate countries and globally for now and in the near future, taking into account current situation, finding aggregate values of world agricultural trade for the analyzed period, comparative evaluation - for comparing quantitative, cost and other relative indicators that characterize food supplying in 2019 and 2020, finding confirmatory or negative relevant trends during the incomplete year 2021, graphical and tabular - for better visualization of quantitative indicators used in the article. Research results. The dissemination of anti-pandemic measures in the world and in Ukraine is considered, the growth of absolute and relative food expenditures in different regions of the world is shown, quantitative data on undernourished people in some parts of the world are given, the situation with agri-food imports to Ukraine and its influence in 2020-2021 on the domestic market is determined, price indices for food in the world according to FAO and Ukraine according to state statistics, including quantitative consumption, are described, showed summary estimations for production major groups of crop and livestock products until 2030 inclusive. Scientific novelty. The difference in indicators of agri-food trade, food expenditures, number of people suffering from hunger, as well as price indices for basic food products in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular between "pre-pandemic" 2019 and 2020-2021, which are characterized by significant spread of the pandemic. Practical significance. The provisions of the article are aimed at informing Ukrainian agricultural enterprises with foreign economic profile, consumers of products and government agencies about changes in domestic and foreign agricultural markets in order to develop a common strategy and tactics of possible actions and systematical measures to prevent negative consequences due to significant increase in uncertainties over the past period. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 17.

Remuneration in bidirectional development of agrarian entrepreneurship

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and significance of wages as an economic category in the context of the development of agricultural entrepreneurship; to investigate the state, causes, consequences of wages in agricultural production. Research methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: - a systematic approach to determining the essence of wages; comparison, harmonization in the analysis of entrepreneurial activity; statistical, to determine the components of wages; grouping, to determine the interdependencies of factors affecting the structure of remuneration. Research results. The essence of the process of formation of wages as a component of socio-economic categories according to its bi-directional nature is revealed. The structure of wages has been formed depending on the profit of the enterprise and its functions according to reproduction, stimulating, optimization, regulatory and social principles. The analysis of the dynamics of average wages, labor costs in the production of agricultural products, labor productivity and the demographic state of rural areas is carried out. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions in the system-conceptual approach to the constituents and factors of the formation of the wage system in its bi-directional essence were further developed. The directions of increasing wages are indicated, measures are proposed to solve this problem. Practical significance. Proposals for increasing wages in agricultural production are substantiated on the basis of state policy on technical and technological modernization of agricultural production, support for livestock industries, ensuring the development of small family farms, peasant cooperatives, as well as non-agricultural small and medium-sized businesses Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 6. Refs.: 34.

Financial risks of budget security and their state regulation

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of financial risks of the budget component of financial security of Ukraine on the example of the analysis of expenditures for individual security-forming sectors. Research methods. A monographic method was used to review scientific publications of researchers and the regulatory framework on budget security, empirical, systemic and comparative analyzes and synthesis for monitoring indicators and sub-indices of financial and budget security, a graphical method to reflect the dynamics of the studied indicators, a statistical method to identify the integration of risks, abstract logical for theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Research results. Financial risks for the sphere of budget security are classified. The dynamics of the integrated index of economic security and subindex of financial security, and in its structure, budgetary security is analyzed; operational budget expenditures and expenditures on the food and national security sectors. The directions based on which the types of budget security are regulated are determined: focus on achieving the strategic goal; the need to guarantee the priority of budget expenditures for specific industries in the context of political, economic, artificial and global crises; for economic sectors - compliance with the balance of the industry's contribution to GDP and the share of its funding from the State Budget. Scientific novelty. The definition of financial risks of budget security as threats to organizational, regulatory, and administrative measures for the formation of state budget revenues and expenditures has been further developed. The analysis of financial security sub-indices for the current period is in-depth. The connection between financial and budgetary security has been established. The dependences of the dynamics and efficiency of budget expenditures on individual security-forming industries are studied. Methodological support of budget security analysis processes and approaches to the effectiveness of state regulation has been improved. Practical significance. Improvement of the grouping of financial risks, methodical approaches to the definition of directions of the state regulation of decrease in the level of financial risks in the field of budgetary safety is offered. Some conclusions of the study can be used to form the Strategy for the development of security-forming industries. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 31.

Development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy under European integration

The purpose of the article is to identify current problems and justify priority measures for the effective development of integration processes in relation to the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the European Union. Research methods. We used the dialectical method of scientific knowledge of processes and phenomena, a comparative analysis of the institutional environment in the European Union and Ukraine, the analytical method - for objective assessments of socio-economic processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Research results. The measures for the effective development of the integration processes of the agricultural sector of Ukraine to the conditions of the European Union are substantiated, the expediency of preparing and consolidating the updated state agrarian policy of Ukraine in the relevant legislative act in order to converge with the relevant law and regulatory mechanisms of the European Union, as well as improving the system of public administration of the agricultural sector of the economy Ukraine and the interrelated development of rural areas. Scientific novelty. The ways of improving the state agrarian policy, taking into account the European integration processes of Ukraine, have been determined. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of government bodies in organizing foreign economic activity, taking into account the protection of national interests, improving legislation on agrarian policy and state management of the agrarian sector of Ukraine, in the educational process. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.

Dairy subcomplex in the implementation of sustainable development goals

The purpose of the article is to reveal the possibilities of the dairy subcomplex in the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Research methods. Based on the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific research methods were used, namely: abstract-logical (for generalization and formulation of conclusions); monographic and system analysis (when studying the peculiarities of the development of the dairy subcomplex based on sustainability); comparative analysis (to compare global and national trends in achieving Sustainable Development Goals); graphic (for visual display of analysis results); as well as a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and others in the field of economic research. Research results. The modern world interpretation of the development of the dairy subcomplex with the use of the foundations of sustainable development is disclosed. Acting as a powerful tool for reducing poverty, overcoming hunger and ensuring human health, directing efforts to mitigate the negative impact on the environment, the dairy subcomplex provides consumers with dairy products in an economically beneficial, environmentally friendly and socially responsible for present and future generations. The role of the dairy subcomplex in the implementation of each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals has been determined. Scientific novelty. Comparison of Sustainable Development Goals with the capabilities of the dairy subcomplex to guarantee food security, sustainable growth, and social development with the efficient use of natural resources has been further developed. Practical significance. The study results for implementation of sustainable development goals can be used by interested participants in the dairy subcomplex of Ukraine when developing strategic plans for their work both for the near and for a different perspective. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 57.

Scientific research in the field of land relations: evolution of development and development prospects

The purpose of the article is to highlight the evolution of scientific research in land relations and outline the prospects for their development in the context of the 65-year activity of the National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agrarian Economics". Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic research methods, scientific works of Ukrainian scientists on the formation of land relations, their regulation, the implementation of scientific support, and archival materials. Historical and abstract-logical approaches have made it possible to single out the most significant stages in the development of land issues during the last sixty years and characterize the peculiarities of their scientific support, outline prospects for further development, and formulate appropriate conclusions and recommendations. Research results. The evolution of scientific research of land relations, the formation of which took place on the basis of the National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agrarian Economics", is described. The key areas of scientific research on rational land use, land management, economic valuation of land, etc., which were assigned a key role in scientific research at different periods of time, are highlighted. The contribution of researchers to the solution of these issues is disclosed. The prospects for the development of land relations are outlined and an algorithm of actions for the implementation of the final stage of land reform is proposed. Scientific novelty. A retrospective-evolutionary review of the formation and development of land relations in Ukraine during the last sixty years has been carried out. The essential stages have been singled out, and the peculiarities of their scientific support have been characterized. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the formation, revision and improvement of modern land policy. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 32.