scholarly journals Assessing merged status with Pillai scores based on dynamic formant contours

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jibson
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

When Pillai scores are used to study vowel mergers, formants are typically sampled from the midpoint. This study compares alternative methods for calculating Pillai scores: methods that incorporate dynamic spectral information. Eighteen speakers produced 20 tokens of Hodd and hawed. Formants were sampled at 20–35–50–65–80% duration. Seven Pillai scores were calculated, each based on a different subset of those samples with temporal pooling: (i) onsets, (ii) heads, (iii) midpoints, (iv) onsets + offsets, (v) heads + tails, (vi) onsets + midpoints + offsets, and (vii) all five. Subjects also completed a vowel identification task, and the rate of identifying one low-back vowel as the other was calculated. The results of the identification task were regressed on each Pillai score separately to identify the one with the highest correlation, through model selection. Dynamic formant contours performed better than static formant values, with midpoint sampling performing worst of all. Directions are discussed for basic research on Pillai scores in phonetics.

Regional relationships among the low vowels of U.S. English: Evidence from production and perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Kendall ◽  
Valerie Fridland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Back Vowel

AbstractThe unconditioned merger of the low back vowels and the variety of realizations found for the low front vowel have been noted as leading to greater distinctiveness across U.S. English regional dialects. The extent to which the movements of these vowels are related has repeatedly been of interest to dialectology as well as phonological theory. Here, examining production and perception data from speaker-listeners across three major regions of the United States, the relationships among these low vowels within and across regions are investigated. Participants provided speech samples and took part in a vowel identification task, judging vowels along a continuum from /æ/ to /ɑ/. Results of acoustic analysis and statistical analysis of the perception results indicate that a structural relationship between /æ/ and /ɑ/ is maintained across regions and that listeners’ own degree of low back vowel merger predicts their perception of the boundary between /æ/ and /ɑ/.

pLoc_bal-mEuk: Predict Subcellular Localization of Eukaryotic Proteins by General PseAAC and Quasi-balancing Training Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chen Chou ◽  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
Xuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Better Than

<P>Background/Objective: Information of protein subcellular localization is crucially important for both basic research and drug development. With the explosive growth of protein sequences discovered in the post-genomic age, it is highly demanded to develop powerful bioinformatics tools for timely and effectively identifying their subcellular localization purely based on the sequence information alone. Recently, a predictor called “pLoc-mEuk” was developed for identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. Its performance is overwhelmingly better than that of the other predictors for the same purpose, particularly in dealing with multi-label systems where many proteins, called “multiplex proteins”, may simultaneously occur in two or more subcellular locations. Although it is indeed a very powerful predictor, more efforts are definitely needed to further improve it. This is because pLoc-mEuk was trained by an extremely skewed dataset where some subset was about 200 times the size of the other subsets. Accordingly, it cannot avoid the biased consequence caused by such an uneven training dataset. </P><P> Methods: To alleviate such bias, we have developed a new predictor called pLoc_bal-mEuk by quasi-balancing the training dataset. Cross-validation tests on exactly the same experimentconfirmed dataset have indicated that the proposed new predictor is remarkably superior to pLocmEuk, the existing state-of-the-art predictor in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. It has not escaped our notice that the quasi-balancing treatment can also be used to deal with many other biological systems. </P><P> Results: To maximize the convenience for most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_bal-mEuk/. </P><P> Conclusion: It is anticipated that the pLoc_bal-Euk predictor holds very high potential to become a useful high throughput tool in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins, particularly for finding multi-target drugs that is currently a very hot trend trend in drug development.</P>

Development of a Single-Code/Default Coding Strategy in Pigeons

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia S. Clement ◽  
Thomas R. Zentall
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
Efficient Coding ◽  
Coding Strategy ◽  
One To One ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

We tested the hypothesis that pigeons could use a cognitively efficient coding strategy by training them on a conditional discrimination (delayed symbolic matching) in which one alternative was correct following the presentation of one sample (one-to-one), whereas the other alternative was correct following the presentation of any one of four other samples (many-to-one). When retention intervals of different durations were inserted between the offset of the sample and the onset of the choice stimuli, divergent retention functions were found. With increasing retention interval, matching accuracy on trials involving any of the many-to-one samples was increasingly better than matching accuracy on trials involving the one-to-one sample. Furthermore, following this test, pigeons treated a novel sample as if it had been one of the many-to-one samples. The data suggest that rather than learning each of the five sample-comparison associations independently, the pigeons developed a cognitively efficient single-code/default coding strategy.

The Economics of Health and Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osea Giuntella ◽  
Timothy J. Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Migration And Health ◽  
Better Than

Migration and health are intimately connected. It is known that migrants tend to be healthier than non-migrants. However, the mechanisms for this association are elusive. On the one hand, the costs of migration are lower for healthier people, thereby making it easier for the healthy to migrate. Empirical evidence from a variety of contexts shows that the pre-migration health of migrants is better than it is for non-migrants, indicating that there is positive health-based selection in migration. On the other hand, locations can be viewed as a bundle of traits including but not limited to environmental conditions, healthcare quality, and violence. Each of these can impact health. Evidence shows that moving from locations with high mortality to low mortality can reduce mortality risks. Consistent with this, migration can increase mortality risk if it leads to greater exposure to risk factors for disease. The health benefits enjoyed by migrants can also be found in their children. However, these advantages erode with successive generations.

New Perspectives on Rosa Luxemburg’s Critique of Global Capitalism

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hudis
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe global economic-financial downturn has given new impetus to a re-examination of Rosa Luxemburg’s writings on capitalist accumulation and economic crisis, which pinpointed the central contradiction of capitalism in its drive for global expansion. In this article I critically engage Luxemburg’s theory of capital accumulation and crisis by evaluating it in comparison with the central categories of Volumes One and Two of Marx’sCapitalon the one hand, and the quest for an alternative to capitalism in the twenty-first century on the other. I argue that Marx’s procedure in Volume Two ofCapital, in which he abstracts from realization crises and foreign trade in order to discern the “law of motion” of capital freed from secondary and tertiary considerations, captures the internal dynamic of capitalist development and crises far better than its Keynesian and neo-Keynesian alternatives.

For-the-record aesthetics and Robert Johnson's blues style as a product of recorded culture

Popular Music ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC W. ROTHENBUHLER
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Better Than

Robert Johnson (1911–1938) is the most venerated of all pre-war blues musicians; the veneration borders on hagiography. Recently published revisionist literature has constructed a sociologically realistic portrayal of a professional musician working among other musicians for a contemporary audience in a specific historical context. This has left unexplained, however, the veneration granted to his music by the audience for his records from the 1960s to today. This paper presents the case that these two bodies of fact can be connected and the one serve as an explanation for the other. As Robert Johnson learned his craft from records and radio, and polished his songs to be recorded, he effectively developed a ‘for-the-record’ aesthetic that made his music sound different to that of his Delta contemporaries and many others who used musical techniques honed in performance for an audience. Decades later, when a ‘for-the-record’ aesthetic was the taken-for-granted standard in popular musical culture, Robert Johnson's records sounded better than those of his contemporaries, and the audience from the 1960s to today has had a reason to think that he and his music were special.

Translational Literature and the Pleasures of Exile

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1435-1443
Author(s):  
Waïl S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
Saint Jerome ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
The One ◽  
International Success ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Better Than

The Fundamental Concern in Translation Theory, from Saint Jerome to the Present, has Been the Relation Between a Text and its version in another language. This relation is often conceived in the Platonic terms of original and copy: the original is viewed as sacrosanct (especially when it is a sacred text but also when it is not), while the translation is seen, at best, as imperfect and deficient and, at worst, as an adulteration, a profanation, and a betrayal that is captured in the Italian phrase traduttore traditore. Conversely, that relation has on occasion also been inverted in claims that the translation can be superior to the original—for example, Jorge Luis Borges's famous declaration that “the original is unfaithful to the translation” (239) or, less radically, Gabriel García Márquez's reported remark that Gregory Rabassa's translation of One Hundred Years of Solitude is better than the Spanish original (Rabassa 43). At other times, the relation between original and translation is seen as antagonistic, the one trying to displace the other, or as its heir and only chance of survival. In this view, the original is condemned to death and oblivion because it is written in a dead language, a rival language, or a geopolitically weak language. Think of the phenomenon that Abdelfattah Kilito cites of some classical Arabic texts—such as al-Harīrī‘s Maqāmāt (“Assemblies”), written at the height of Arab civilization's power in the twelfth century—which seem to have been composed in such a way as to render their translation impossible (17-18). By contrast, notes Kilito, some contemporary Arab novelists seem to write with their translators in mind, avoiding difficult language and obscure cultural expressions that may reduce their works’ chances of being translated into English or French, the gateway to international success (19n7).

scholarly journals Heparin-free hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
Anna Szymczak ◽  
Maciej Kanafa ◽  
Marcin Chuć ◽  
Mariusz Kusztal
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Extracorporeal Circuit ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Continuous Hemofiltration ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Coagulation Pathway

Hemodialysis is the most widely applied renal replacement therapy. Due to the fact that the hemocyte - dialyzer contact leads to the activation of the coagulation pathway, adequate anticoagulation to provide fluent blood flow is crucial. Since the standard parenteral use of heparin is not free from complications and may increase already raised bleeding risk in renal patients, the alternative methods of performing hemodialysis, including heparin-free procedures, are being investigated. These include the usage of anticoagulants regionally in the extracorporeal circuit or repeated saline flushes or other substituting compounds. Citrate module has already become the standard anticoagulant in intensive care for patients on continuous hemofiltration. Its usage in intermittent dialysis program requires some protocol modifications, but it is a valuable input in the development of heparin-free strategies. The other approach that allows reduced heparin usage is the use of an airless dialysis tubing system. Amongst coated dialyzer membranes, the one with heparinized hydrogel polyacrylonitrile was perceived as a significant step forward. Despite the fact that innovative strategies may turn out to be time and resource consuming and not always free of side-effects, they are worth investigating.

The Soviet opera project: Ivan Dzerzhinsky vs. Ivan Susanin

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA FROLOVA-WALKER
Keyword(s):  
State Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Topic ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
Better Than

The subject of this article is the failure of the Stalinist Soviet opera project. Although similar proposals had appeared years before, the project was inaugurated in 1936, and its realisation was placed in the hands of the State Committee for Artistic Affairs. The archival materials discussed in the article (including transcripts of the Committee's meetings) demonstrate that even publicly acclaimed productions were seen as failures by these senior bureaucrats. On the one hand, there were demands for realism and contemporary topics, and on the other, for monumentality and elevated musical language; these demands proved to be in deep conflict with each other. In addition to this crippling problem, it soon became apparent that any treatment of a contemporary topic was bound to become unacceptable before long, given the ever-shifting political landscape. While novels and films were certainly under close scrutiny, many operas were subjected to so many demands for revision that they never saw production at all. The article's central claim is that the 1939 Soviet reworking of Glinka's A Life for the Tsar as Ivan Susanin fulfilled the state's needs much better than any newly created Soviet opera could have, resulting in the effective curtailment of the project by 1946.

Guilford Muniment Room LM 1066 / 1–10. Mid-summer Quarter Sessions at Guilford. 1736

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 283-317
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

We are met here on the solemn Occasion of putting those Laws into Execution wch relate to the Preservation of the Peace; & as the Necessity of Government flows from the Corruption of Human Nature so the thought the Glory and Honour of it consist in the regular Administration of Justice, & as without it the one Societys cannot be upheld, so without the other all communitys would be little better than well modell'd combinations to oppress, cheat & ruin the weaker & submitting part of mankind. Not but that the advantages of a political union are so inconsiderable, yt it may be doubted whether Tyranny it self tho never so unlimited, never so grievous, be not rather to be chosen than a wild & corrupt state of anarchy. This state exposes men to the frauds & violence of their neighbours & the extravagant Caprices of the People, the other Subjects whole Nations to the mad Frolicks, & brutal Passions of a Flatter'd & [2] an abus'd Tyrant. Both Extreams are very dreadful & as much to be deprecated as the raging pestilence or any Common calamity; while the mean between them from wch they Both so far deviate, is a Copy well drawn from ye great & not to be equalled Original of God's Government of the World. Whose only End is to promote the Happiness of His Creatures; as the Peace, Safety & publick Good of the People ought to be no less ye aim of all Rulers than it is the Reason Why Government was first instituted.

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