Behavioral Bone-Conduction Thresholds for Infants with Normal Hearing

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Hulecki ◽  
Susan A. Small
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Background: Bone-conduction thresholds have been used in audiologic assessments of both infants and adults to differentiate between conductive and sensorineural hearing losses. However, air- and bone-conduction thresholds estimated for infants with normal hearing using physiological measures have identified an “air–bone gap” in the low frequencies that does not result from conductive hearing impairment but, rather, from maturational differences in sensitivity. This maturational air–bone gap appears to be present up to at least 2 yr of age. Because most infants older than 6 mo of age are clinically assessed behaviorally, rather than physiologically, it is necessary to determine whether a similar maturational air–bone gap is present for behavioral air- and bone-conduction thresholds. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate behavioral bone-conduction thresholds for infants using a standard clinical visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) protocol to determine whether frequency-dependent maturational patterns exist as previously reported for physiological bone-conduction thresholds. Research Design: Behavioral bone-conduction minimum response levels were estimated at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz using VRA for each participant. Study Sample: Young (7–15 mo; N = 17) and older (18–30 mo; N = 20) groups of infants were assessed. All infants were screened and considered to be at low risk for hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis: Preliminary “normal levels” were determined by calculating the 90th percentile for responses present as a cumulative percentage. Mean bone-conduction thresholds were compared and analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance across frequency and age group. Linear regression analysis was also performed to assess the effect of age on bone-conduction thresholds. Results: Results of this study indicate that, when measured behaviorally, infants under 30 mo of age show frequency-dependent bone-conduction thresholds whereby their responses at 500 and 1000 Hz are significantly better than those at 2000 and 4000 Hz. However, thresholds obtained from the younger group of infants (mean age of 10.6 mo) were not significantly different from those obtained from the older group of infants (mean age of 23.0 mo) at any frequency. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are similar to the results obtained from previous physiological studies. Compared to previously documented air-conduction thresholds of infants using similar VRA techniques, a maturational air–bone gap is observed in the low frequencies. Therefore, differences between infant and adult bone-conduction thresholds persist until at least 30 mo of age. As a result, different “normal levels” should be used when assessing bone-conduction hearing sensitivity of infants using behavioral methods.

Korean Clear Speech Improves Speech Intelligibility for Individuals with Normal Hearing and Individuals with Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeon Shin ◽  
Hongyeop Oh ◽  
In-Ki Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Abstract Background Clear speech is an effective communication strategy to improve speech intelligibility. While clear speech in several languages has been shown to significantly benefit intelligibility among listeners with differential hearing sensitivities and across environments of different noise levels, whether these results apply to Korean clear speech is unclear on account of the language's unique acoustic and linguistic characteristics. Purpose This study aimed to measure the intelligibility benefits of Korean clear speech relative to those of conversational speech among listeners with normal hearing and hearing loss. Research Design We used a mixed-model design that included both within-subject (effects of speaking style and listening condition) and between-subject (hearing status) elements. Data Collection and Analysis We compared the rationalized arcsine unit scores, which were transformed from the number of keywords recognized and repeated, between clear and conversational speech in groups with different hearing sensitivities across five listening conditions (quiet and 10, 5, 0, and –5 dB signal-to-noise ratio) using a mixed model analysis. Results The intelligibility scores of Korean clear speech were significantly higher than those of conversational speech under most listening conditions in all groups; the former yielded increases of 6 to 32 rationalized arcsine units in intelligibility. Conclusion The present study provides information on the actual benefits of Korean clear speech for listeners with varying hearing sensitivities. Audiologists or hearing professionals may use this information to establish communication strategies for Korean patients with hearing loss.

scholarly journals Rate and Determinants of Excessive Fat-Free Mass Loss After Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 3119-3126
Author(s):  
Malou A. H. Nuijten ◽  
Valerie M. Monpellier ◽  
Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels ◽  
Ignace M. C. Janssen ◽  
Eric J. Hazebroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Post Bariatric Surgery

Abstract Purpose Fat-free mass (FFM) loss is a concerning aspect of bariatric surgery, but little is known about its time-course and factors related with excessive FFM loss. This study examined (i) the progress of FFM loss up to 3 years post-bariatric surgery and (ii) the prevalence and determinants of excessive FFM loss. Materials and Methods A total of 3596 patients (20% males, 43.5 ± 11.1 years old, BMI = 44.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2) underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed preoperatively and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months post-surgery. Changes in body composition were assessed by mixed model analysis. Prevalence of excessive FFM loss (based on three different cutoff values: ≥ 25%, ≥ 30% and ≥ 35% FFM loss/weight loss (= %FFML/WL)) was estimated and its determinants were assessed by linear regression analysis. Results Highest rates of FFM loss were found at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, reflecting 57% and 73% of peak FFM loss, respectively. Prevalence of excessive FFM loss ranged from 14 to 46% at 36 months post-surgery, with an older age (β = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.10–0.18, P < .001), being male (β = 3.99, 95%CI = 2.86–5.12, P < .001), higher BMI (β = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.05–0.20, P = .002) and SG (β = 2.56, 95%CI = 1.36–3.76, P < .001) as determinants for a greater %FFML/WL. Conclusion Patients lost most FFM within 3 to 6 months post-surgery. Prevalence of excessive FFM loss was high, emphasizing the need for more vigorous approaches to counteract FFM loss. Furthermore, future studies should assess habitual physical activity and dietary intake shortly after surgery in relation to FFM loss.

Comparison of Traditional Bone-Conduction Hearing Aids with the Baha® System

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Christensen ◽  
Laura Smith-Olinde ◽  
Jillian Kimberlain ◽  
Gresham T. Richter ◽  
John L. Dornhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
System Versus ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Bone Conduction Hearing ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Background: Little research exists to demonstrate efficacy and verification measures of the Baha® system versus traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. This study gives statistical data about 10 children who have used traditional bone-conduction hearing aids, Baha coupled to a Softband, and the Baha system implanted. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare functional gain at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz for infants and children with bilateral conductive hearing loss who were initially fit with traditional bone-conduction devices then progressed to Baha with Softband and finally to unilateral Baha implants. Research Design: Retrospective five-year chart review. Study Sample: 10 children with bilateral conductive hearing loss due to congenital atresia and/or microtia. Participants ranged in age from 6 mo to 16 yr; three were male and seven were female. Two participants were African-American, five Caucasian, and three Hispanic. Intervention: The intervention was the Baha system used in children via a Softband or implanted as compared to traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. Data Collection and Analysis: Single-factor, repeated analyses of variance were run to examine the amount of functional gain delivered by the various devices as well as the threshold measures with each device at each frequency. Results: Participants in this study showed a statistically significant improvement when using the Baha Softband over traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. An implanted Baha has statistically as much gain as a bone-conduction transducer at all frequencies tested. Conclusions: The Baha system is a valid treatment in conductive hearing loss via a Softband or implanted. It statistically outperforms the traditional bone-conduction hearing aids and should be used as a first choice in intervention rather than a last option for inoperable conductive hearing loss.

scholarly journals Effects of Tinnitus Sound Therapy depending on Air- and Bone-Conduction Transducers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Seungyeop Jeong ◽  
In-Ki Jin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus ◽  
Sound Therapy ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Transducer Type

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine to compare the effects of sound therapy depending on air- and bone-conduction transducers (ACT and BCT). Methods: Participants were twenty adults who have diagnosed as subjective tinnitus in this study. All participants conducted a sound therapy using the level of mixing point for three months. Participants were randomly assigned to different groups, such as the ACT group, or BCT group. To identify the effects of sound therapy, Korean tinnitus primary function questionnaire (K-TPFQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were administered at pre- and post-treatment (3 months) sessions. Results: In a result of mixed model analysis of variance, all subcategories for VAS showed significant decrements of scores to the measurement session (pre- vs. post-session), but there was no different between groups. Also, the overall and all subcategories for K-TPFQ showed significant decrements of scores to the measurement session (prevs. post-session), but there was no different between groups. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the sound therapy using portable hearing devices with transducers is effective for subjective tinnitus sufferers. Because the transducer type does not significantly affect effectiveness of the sound therapy, therefore, audiologists or hearing professionals may recommend transducers, which the tinnitus sufferer prefers when they consider sound therapy.

A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-761
Author(s):  
Tess K. Koerner ◽  
Melissa A. Papesh ◽  
Frederick J. Gallun
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

scholarly journals Reducing Aggression by Developing Emotional and Inhibitory Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miriam Romero-López ◽  
María Carmen Pichardo ◽  
Ana Justicia-Arráez ◽  
Judit Bembibre-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a program on improving inhibitory and emotional control among children. In addition, it is assessed whether the improvement of these skills has an effect on the reduction of aggressive behavior in pre-school children. The participants were 100 children, 50 belonging to the control group and 50 to the experimental group, aged between 5 and 6 years. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of inhibitory and emotional control (BRIEF-P) and aggression (BASC) were taken. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis (GLMM) was performed and found that children in the experimental group scored higher on inhibitory and emotional control compared to their peers in the control group. In addition, these improvements have an effect on the decrease in aggressiveness. In conclusion, preventive research should have among its priorities the design of such program given their implications for psychosocial development.

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P &lt; 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

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