scholarly journals Evolución de los intereses y hábitos de consumo televisivo de la audiencia española

Oceánide ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Marta Saavedra Llamas ◽  
Rocío Gago Gelado ◽  
Nicolás Grijalba de la Calle ◽  
Andy Damián Tavárez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc

Atendiendo a los datos de consumo, los intereses televisivos de la audiencia española, en lo que a contenidos se refiere, no parecen haber cambiado de forma drástica en los más de setenta años de historia de televisión en España. La televisión – la generalista en abierto y ahora las plataformas OTT – se ve condicionada por los hábitos de consumo de su audiencia pero, al mismo tiempo, es capaz de marcar la propia identidad de los espectadores con los contenidos que produce y ofrece. La programación televisiva ha sabido adaptarse a cada contexto histórico-social, especialmente cuando se produjo la irrupción de las cadenas privadas, con la apuesta por nuevos formatos y géneros televisivos. Para comprobar este escenario, y validar precisamente estos modelos de consumo, se ha realizado una investigación ad hoc estructurada en siete focus groups coincidentes con las franjas de edad del Estudio General de Medios. Los resultados muestran, según las distintas edades, cómo se consume hoy el contenido televisivo, cuáles son las conductas del espectador viendo la televisión y cuáles son los formatos y géneros más demandados.

scholarly journals Η «έμμονη παρενοχλητική παρακολούθηση» ("stalking") στον εμπειρικό και τον επιγραμμικό κόσμο

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαριλένα Κατσογιάννου
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Terra Incognita

Η διατριβή πραγματεύεται τη συμπεριφορά της «έμμονης παρενοχλητικής παρακολούθησης» (“stalking”), παραδοσιακής και επιγραμμικής, η οποία, καίτοι επείσακτη ως προβληματική για την ελληνική θεωρία και terra incognita μέχρι προσφάτως –ως ad hoc αδίκημα– για την εγχώρια νομοθεσία, δεν είναι ως οντολογικό ζήτημα νεοφανές ούτε ανοίκειο στην ελληνική πραγματικότητα. Από συστηματική άποψη, η ύλη της διατριβής, διαρθρώνεται σε επτά μέρη, τα οποία δομούνται σε δεκατέσσερα κεφάλαια, με περαιτέρω υποενότητες και διάκριση του θεωρητικού, νομοθετικού και νομολογιακού μέρους από το καθαρά ερευνητικό σε εγχώριο επίπεδο. Η διάρθρωση του corpus της διατριβής, υπό ένα γενικότερο πρίσμα, κινείται κατ’ αρχάς, γύρω από πέντε βασικούς πυλώνες: i. γλωσσολογική προσέγγιση, θεωρητική σύλληψη, οντολογική διάσταση, ιστορική αναδρομή (Μέρη Α΄, Γ΄ και Δ΄)· ii. ποινικοδογματική θεμελίωση (Μέρος Β΄)· iii. πρακτική προσέγγιση μέσω νομοθετικής και νομολογιακής αντιμετώπισης, ήτοι εντοπισμός και καταγραφή αφενός των σχετικών ευρωπαϊκών επιταγών και αφετέρου του ad hoc κανονιστικού πλαισίου σε διεθνές και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο ή –ελλείψει αυτού έως σήμερα– των συναφών νομοθετικών ρυθμίσεων σε εγχώριο επίπεδο, καθώς και των πορισμάτων της οικείας νομολογίας επί αλλοδαπών εννόμων τάξεων (Μέρη Ε΄ και ΣΤ΄)· iv. αξιολόγηση του σχετικού ημεδαπού νομοθετικού πλαισίου και προσωπική θέση της γράφουσας (Μέρος ΣΤ΄)· v. εγχώρια, πρωτογενή εμπειρικά δεδομένα (Μέρος Ζ΄). Ειδικότερα, υπό το πρίσμα αυτό, η ανάπτυξη της θεματικής συντελείται κατ’ αρχάς μέσω ενός επταεπίπεδου μερισμού της ύλης σε ευρύτερα μέρη-ερμηνευτικές ενότητες, ενώ, περαιτέρω, η μελέτη δομείται μέσω μιας πληθώρας γενικότερων και ειδικότερων υποενοτήτων. Συγκεκριμένα, επιγραμματικώς, αναφέρεται ότι στις Εισαγωγικές Παρατηρήσεις περιλαμβάνεται ειδικότερα το πλαίσιο αναφοράς, το περίγραμμα και οι βασικές συνιστώσες της προβληματικής, στο πλαίσιο της προσπάθειας ανάδειξης του φαινομένου currente calamo και παρουσίασης της στοχοθεσίας της διατριβής, ούτως ώστε να εισαχθεί ο αναγνώστης στη θεματική. Στο Πρώτο Μέρος διερευνάται εκτενώς η γλωσσολογική και εννοιολογική διάσταση του stalking. Στο Δεύτερο Μέρος επιχειρείται η ανίχνευση της νομικής φύσης του τελευταίου και η δομική του θεμελίωση, υπό την έποψη της διαρθρωτικής νομικοτεχνικής του δομής, ως δυνητικά ποινικά ενδιαφέρουσας συμπεριφοράς. Το Τρίτο Μέρος πραγματεύεται την οντολογική διάσταση του stalking, ήτοι τον εγκληματολογικό φαινότυπο της συμπεριφοράς, εξ επόψεως παρουσίασης της πραγματολογίας του φαινομένου, ήτοι με παράθεση τόσο ποιοτικών όσο και ποσοτικών κριτηρίων, με επιδημιολογικά και ερευνητικά δεδομένα, συλλεγέντα σε διεθνές επίπεδο. Το Τέταρτο Μέρος αφιερώνεται στη θεωρητική προσέγγιση και δη την αιτιοκρατική θεμελίωση της συμπεριφοράς. Στο Πέμπτο Μέρος παρουσιάζονται οι όψεις των τάσεων αντεγκληματικής πολιτικής κατά του stalking σε διεθνές και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Συγκεκριμένα, εν πρώτοις, παρατίθεται η de lege lata σε διεθνές επίπεδο νομοθετική διάσταση του stalking, σε εκείνες, βεβαίως, τις αλλοδαπές έννομες τάξεις στις οποίες η συμπεριφορά έχει, ήδη, ως ad hoc αδίκημα περιέλθει υπό την προστασία του νόμου, ενώ λαμβάνει χώρα ταυτόχρονη δικαιοσυγκριτική θεώρηση της μεταξύ τους ποινικής προστασίας. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιείται επισκόπηση της σχετικής νομολογιακής αντιμετώπισης του stalking υπό το φως των ιδιαιτεροτήτων εκάστης εννόμου τάξεως. Προσέτι, μελετάται η προστασία των προσβαλλομένων, υπό της εν λόγω δράσης, δικαιωμάτων σε ευρωπαϊκό συμβατικό επίπεδο, δηλαδή στο πλαίσιο των ευρωπαϊκών επιταγών, υπό το φως των πηγών των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων της ΕΕ, ήτοι της ΕΣΔΑ, αλλά και σχετικών Συμβάσεων, όπως είναι η καίριας σημασίας για τη θεματική, Σύμβαση της Κωνσταντινούπολης, αλλά και νομοθετικών κειμένων μη δεσμευτικής ισχύος (soft law), όπως συναφών Συστάσεων. Στο Έκτο Μέρος συντελείται αφενός μεν εκτενής παράθεση του υφιστάμενου ελληνικού νομοθετικού πλαισίου –τόσο σε αστικό όσο και σε ποινικό επίπεδο, αλλά και στο πλαίσιο προδρασιακής διαχείρισης– προς προστασία των θυμάτων της εν λόγω συμπεριφοράς, με ταυτόχρονη διερεύνηση του συνταγματικού ερείσματος των σχετικών διατάξεων. Αφετέρου δε, ευρύ τμήμα του εν λόγω Μέρους αφιερώνεται στη δεοντική διάσταση του stalking (de lege ferenda), ενώ, επιπλέον, εμπεριέχεται η αμιγώς προσωπική θέση της γράφουσας, πραγματοποιείται κριτική επισκόπηση της κείμενης εγχώριας νομοθεσίας και αξιολόγηση της επάρκειάς της τόσο σε πρακτικό όσο και σε δογματικό – απαξιολογικό επίπεδο. Προσέτι, σε συνέχεια των κριτικών παρατηρήσεων επί του ελληνικού θεσμικού πλαισίου, παρατίθενται οι de lege ferenda προτάσεις της γράφουσας, αναφερόμενες στο δέον γενέσθαι σε εγχώριο νομοθετικό πλαίσιο και σε επίπεδο αντεγκληματικής πολιτικής, με ταυτόχρονη πρόταση ενός νέου κυρωτικού κανόνος με συγκεκριμένη νομοτεχνική διάρθρωση. Επίσης, λαμβάνει χώρα κριτική αξιολόγηση του προωθούμενου Σχεδίου Νόμου το οποίο προβλέπει την ποινικοποίηση του stalking στο πλαίσιο κύρωσης της Σύμβασης της Κωνσταντινούπολης διά της τροποποίησης του ά. 333 ΠΚ. Το Έβδομο Μέρος φιλοξενεί την πρώτη εν Ελλάδι επιχώρια εμπειρική διερεύνηση του stalking, και δη τη διεξαχθείσα, υπό της γράφουσας –με το ερευνητικό εργαλείο του ημιδομημένου αυτοδιαχειριζόμενου ερωτηματολογίου– διεπίπεδη πρωτογενή, μικτή (ποσοτική και ποιοτική) έρευνα, με «ομάδες εστίασης» (“focus groups”) αφενός την Αστυνομία (583 συμμετέχοντες), ως «υποσύστημα» του Συστήματος Ποινικής Δικαιοσύνης (ΣΠΔ) και αφετέρου νέους φοιτητές, ηλικίας 18-30 ετών (360 συμμετέχοντες). Πρόκειται, αντιστοίχως, περί ερευνών εμπειρίας-στάσεων και θυματοποίησης-αυτοομολογούμενης αποκλίνουσας δραστηριότητας. Λαμβάνει δε, χώρα σχηματική αναπαράσταση των συναγομένων πορισμάτων (103 γραφήματα). Η διατριβή ολοκληρώνεται με την επιλογική σημείωση και την αποδόμηση των συνοδευόντων τη συμπεριφορά του stalking, «μύθων».

scholarly journals Multi-method process maps: An interdisciplinary approach to investigate ad hoc modifications in protocol-driven interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Mackie ◽  
Leah Ramella ◽  
Ana J. Schaefer ◽  
Monica Sridhar ◽  
Alice S. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Process Maps

AbstractIntroduction:Implementation scientists increasingly recognize that the process of implementation is dynamic, leading to ad hoc modifications that may challenge fidelity in protocol-driven interventions. However, limited attention to ad hoc modifications impairs investigators’ ability to develop evidence-based hypotheses about how such modifications may impact intervention effectiveness and cost. We propose a multi-method process map methodology to facilitate the systematic data collection necessary to characterize ad hoc modifications that may impact primary intervention outcomes.Methods:We employ process maps (drawn from systems science), as well as focus groups and semi-structured interviews (drawn from social sciences) to investigate ad hoc modifications. Focus groups are conducted with the protocol’s developers and/or planners (the implementation team) to characterize the protocol “as envisioned,” while interviews conducted with frontline administrators characterize the process “as realized in practice.” Process maps with both samples are used to identify when modifications occurred across a protocol-driven intervention. A case study investigating a multistage screening protocol for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is presented to illustrate application and utility of the multi-method process maps.Results:In this case study, frontline administrators reported ad hoc modifications that potentially influenced the primary study outcome (e.g., time to ASD diagnosis). Ad hoc modifications occurred to accommodate (1) whether providers and/or parents were concerned about ASD, (2) perceptions of parental readiness to discuss ASD, and (3) perceptions of family service delivery needs and priorities.Conclusion:Investigation of ad hoc modifications on primary outcomes offers new opportunities to develop empirically based adaptive interventions. Routine reporting standards are critical to provide full transparency when studying ad hoc modifications.

scholarly journals Nursing management of fatigue in cancer patients and suggestions for clinical practice: a mixed methods study

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tolotti ◽  
Loris Bonetti ◽  
Carla Pedrazzani ◽  
Monica Bianchi ◽  
Laura Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Brief Fatigue Inventory

Abstract Background Fatigue is a complex and frequent symptom in cancer patients, influencing their quality of life, but it is still underestimated and undertreated in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of fatigue in cancer patients, describe how patients and nurses perceived it and how nurses managed fatigue. Methods This is a mixed methods study. Data were collected in two oncological wards using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), an ad hoc questionnaire, patient interviews, focus groups with nurses and the review of nursing records. Interviews and focus groups were analysed through thematic analysis. We used SPSS 22.0 for quantitative data and Nvivo 10 for qualitative data analysis. Results A total of 71 questionnaires were analysed (39 males, mean age 65.7 years). Fatigue was reported 5 times (7%) in nursing records, while in 17 cases (23.9%) problems associated to it were reported. Twelve patients were interviewed. Five themes were identified: feeling powerless and aggressive, my strategies or what helps me, feeling reassured by the presence of family members, feeling reassured by nurses’ gestures, and being informed. Three themes were identified through the focus groups: objectivity and subjectivity in the assessment of fatigue, nurses’ contribution to the multidisciplinary management of fatigue, and difficulty in evaluating outcomes. Conclusions The approach to the management of fatigue was unstructured. Patients were satisfied with the care they received but needed more information and specific interventions. Useful aspects were identified that could be used to change health professionals’ approach towards the management of fatigue.

Resisting Extortion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Moncada
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Face ◽  
Everyday Resistance

Criminal extortion is an understudied, but widespread and severe problem in Latin America. In states that cannot or choose not to uphold the rule of law, victims are often seen as helpless in the face of powerful criminals. However, even under such difficult circumstances, victims resist criminal extortion in surprisingly different ways. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in violent localities in Colombia, El Salvador and Mexico, Moncada weaves together interviews, focus groups, and participatory drawing exercises to explain why victims pursue distinct strategies to resist criminal extortion. The analysis traces and compares processes that lead to individual acts of everyday resistance; sporadic killings by ad hoc groups of victims and police; institutionalized and sustained collective vigilantism; and coordination between victims and states to co-produce order in ways that both strengthen and undermine the rule of law. This book offers valuable new insights into the broader politics of crime and the state.

scholarly journals Administrative Professionals in New Zealand: Their Professional Development Opportunities and Career Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ethelwyn Eva Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Business World ◽  
The North ◽  
On Line ◽  
Administrative Professionals ◽  
North And South

<p>This descriptive study to investigate the perceptions of administrative professionals of their professional development opportunities and career pathways was conducted mid-2009. The study used an on-line survey and focus groups. One hundred and ninety-three responded to the survey from throughout New Zealand. Fifteen of those respondents participated in the focus groups, held in both the North and South Islands. The majority of participants were from larger organisations who perceived that training and professional development was available for them and supported. However, the professional development available was often ad hoc, with no specific goal. Many participants perceive themselves as undervalued within the business world and noted that even where support for professional development was available there were significant barriers. These barriers, impacting on the availability and the uptake of professional development opportunities and career pathways, were both internal (value of self) and external. A conceptual framework is presented of the relationship between the key elements from the research, value of self and value of the role, and the impacts of those on professional development opportunities and career pathways.</p>

scholarly journals Nursing Management of Fatigue in Cancer Patients: Mixed Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tolotti ◽  
Loris Bonetti ◽  
Carla Pedrazzani ◽  
Monica Bianchi ◽  
Laura Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Brief Fatigue Inventory

Abstract BackgroundFatigue is a complex and frequent symptom in cancer patients, influencing their quality of life, but it is still underestimated in clinical practice and undertreated. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of fatigue in cancer patients, describe the perceptions of patients and nurses regarding it and describe the nursing management of fatigue.MethodsMixed methods study. Data were collected in two oncological wards using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), an ad hoc questionnaire, patient interviews, focus groups with nurses and the review of nursing records. Interviews and focus groups were analysed through thematic analysis. We used SPSS 22.0 for quantitative data and Nvivo 10 for qualitative data analysis.ResultsA total of 71 questionnaires were analysed (39 males, mean age 65,7(±14) years). Fatigue was reported 5 times (7%) in nursing records, while in 17 cases (23.9%) problems related to it were reported. Twelve patients were interviewed. Five themes were identified: feeling powerless and aggressive, my strategies or what helps me, feeling reassured by the presence of family members, feeling reassured by nurses’ gestures, being informed. Three themes were identified through the focus groups: objectivity and subjectivity in the assessment of fatigue, nursing contribution within the multidisciplinary management of fatigue, and difficulty in evaluating outcomes.DiscussionThe approach to the management of fatigue was unstructured. Patients were satisfied with the care received but needed more information and specific interventions. Useful aspects were identified that could be used to change the professional approach towards the management of fatigue.

scholarly journals Administrative Professionals in New Zealand: Their Professional Development Opportunities and Career Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ethelwyn Eva Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Business World ◽  
The North ◽  
On Line ◽  
Administrative Professionals ◽  
North And South

<p>This descriptive study to investigate the perceptions of administrative professionals of their professional development opportunities and career pathways was conducted mid-2009. The study used an on-line survey and focus groups. One hundred and ninety-three responded to the survey from throughout New Zealand. Fifteen of those respondents participated in the focus groups, held in both the North and South Islands. The majority of participants were from larger organisations who perceived that training and professional development was available for them and supported. However, the professional development available was often ad hoc, with no specific goal. Many participants perceive themselves as undervalued within the business world and noted that even where support for professional development was available there were significant barriers. These barriers, impacting on the availability and the uptake of professional development opportunities and career pathways, were both internal (value of self) and external. A conceptual framework is presented of the relationship between the key elements from the research, value of self and value of the role, and the impacts of those on professional development opportunities and career pathways.</p>

Competence-based analysis of needs in VET teachers and trainers: an Italian experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Sartori ◽  
Giuseppe Tacconi ◽  
Beniamino Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
And Training

Purpose – The aim of the research presented here was to detect, in line with the European Union’s “Education and Training 2020” work program, the training needs of teachers and trainers working in the vocational education and training (VET) system in the Italian Region of Veneto to design courses, experiences and other training programs tailored to meet the needs emerged. Design/methodology/approach – Four focus groups were including VET teachers and trainers were created, two before the construction and two after the online administration of an ad hoc questionnaire asking teachers and trainers to rate 67 competencies (43 for teachers, 24 for trainers) on the two dimensions of self-assessment (explicitly defined as the current level of mastery) and importance (explicitly defined as the expected level of mastery). Eight hundred twelve teachers and 166 trainers filled in the questionnaire which also asked them to give suggestions about the courses, experiences and other training programs to be designed. Findings – In questionnaires, teachers and trainers declare they are competent enough to do what they do (self-assessment always obtains higher ratings than importance, except in one competence for teachers), even if in focus groups they say they want to be trained. Accordingly, they express a clear preference for short or very short courses, tailored on their specific needs and for training experiences and programs which are alternative to classroom training. Practical implications – The research is a preliminary action to a European Social Fund project named “Training for trainers”, whose main aim is to give birth to courses, experiences and other training programs, specifically dedicated to VET teachers and trainers, to allow them to develop or refresh the competencies they feel they need for work. Besides, it allowed testing of the benefit of using mixed methods for a competence-based analysis of needs. Originality/value – Data will be used to design courses, experiences and other training programs that really meet the needs of VET teachers and trainers in Veneto to tackle those aspects they consider really important for work in a lifelong learning perspective.

scholarly journals Inducción a la profesión docente: Los problemas de los profesores principiantes en la República Dominicana

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Jáspez ◽  
Marita Sánchez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Induction Program ◽  
Beginner Teachers

This article presents the findings of an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, whose objective was to identify and describe the problems faced by beginner teachers who participated in a teaching induction program (INDUCTIO) in the Dominican Republic. Two ad hoc questionnaires were designed and applied to 363 beginning teachers and 45 mentors respectively. Likewise, two focus groups were developed, one with twelve beginning teachers and the other with ten mentors. The findings reflect that management of discipline issues, motivation and the response to students´ individual differences are the problems most faced by beginning teachers. The perception of these problems meaningfully improves after remaining in the program for five months. Furthermore, significant differences are detected regarding the problems identified at the beginning of the program by both novice teachers and mentors. Similarly, significant differences were observed in relation to the problems that the two groups refer to have overcome.

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