scholarly journals Multi-method process maps: An interdisciplinary approach to investigate ad hoc modifications in protocol-driven interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Mackie ◽  
Leah Ramella ◽  
Ana J. Schaefer ◽  
Monica Sridhar ◽  
Alice S. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Process Maps

AbstractIntroduction:Implementation scientists increasingly recognize that the process of implementation is dynamic, leading to ad hoc modifications that may challenge fidelity in protocol-driven interventions. However, limited attention to ad hoc modifications impairs investigators’ ability to develop evidence-based hypotheses about how such modifications may impact intervention effectiveness and cost. We propose a multi-method process map methodology to facilitate the systematic data collection necessary to characterize ad hoc modifications that may impact primary intervention outcomes.Methods:We employ process maps (drawn from systems science), as well as focus groups and semi-structured interviews (drawn from social sciences) to investigate ad hoc modifications. Focus groups are conducted with the protocol’s developers and/or planners (the implementation team) to characterize the protocol “as envisioned,” while interviews conducted with frontline administrators characterize the process “as realized in practice.” Process maps with both samples are used to identify when modifications occurred across a protocol-driven intervention. A case study investigating a multistage screening protocol for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is presented to illustrate application and utility of the multi-method process maps.Results:In this case study, frontline administrators reported ad hoc modifications that potentially influenced the primary study outcome (e.g., time to ASD diagnosis). Ad hoc modifications occurred to accommodate (1) whether providers and/or parents were concerned about ASD, (2) perceptions of parental readiness to discuss ASD, and (3) perceptions of family service delivery needs and priorities.Conclusion:Investigation of ad hoc modifications on primary outcomes offers new opportunities to develop empirically based adaptive interventions. Routine reporting standards are critical to provide full transparency when studying ad hoc modifications.

The deputy principal instructional leadership role and professional learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Leaf ◽  
George Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Instructional Leaders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a study examining the perceptions of secondary principals, deputies and teachers, of deputy principal (DP) instructional leadership (IL), as well as deputies’ professional learning (PL) needs. Framed within an interpretivist approach, the specific objectives of this study were: to explore the extent to which DPs are perceived as leaders of learning, to examine the actual responsibilities of these DPs and to explore the PL that support DP roles. Design/methodology/approach The researchers used multiple perspective case studies which included semi-structured interviews and key school document analysis. A thematic content analysis facilitated qualitative descriptions and insights from the perspectives of the principals, DPs and teachers of four high-performing secondary schools in Sydney, Australia. Findings The data revealed that deputies performed a huge range of tasks; all the principals were distributing leadership to their deputies to build leadership capacity and supported their PL in a variety of ways. Across three of the case study schools, most deputies were frequently performing as instructional leaders, improving their school’s performance through distributing leadership, team building and goal setting. Deputy PL was largely dependent on principal mentoring and self-initiated but was often ad hoc. Findings add more validity to the importance of principals building the educational leadership of their deputies. Research limitations/implications This study relied upon responses from four case study schools. Further insight into the key issues discussed may require a longitudinal data that describe perceptions from a substantial number of schools in Australia over time. However, studying only four schools allowed for an in-depth investigation. Practical implications The findings from this study have practical implications for system leaders with responsibilities of framing the deputies’ role as emergent educational leaders rather than as administrators and the need for coherent, integrated, consequential and systematic approaches to DP professional development. Further research is required on the effect of deputy IL on school performance. Originality/value There is a dearth of research-based evidence exploring the range of responsibilities of deputies and perceptions of staff about deputies’ IL role and their PL needs. This is the first published New South Wales, Australian DP study and adds to the growing evidence around perceptions of DPs as instructional leaders by providing an Australian perspective on the phenomenon. The paper raises important concerns about the complexity of the DP’s role on the one hand, and on the other hand, the PL that is perceived to be most appropriate for dealing with this complexity.

Grassroots inter-professional networks: the case of organizing care for older cancer patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatou Farima Bagayogo ◽  
Annick Lepage ◽  
Jean-Louis Denis ◽  
Lise Lamothe ◽  
Liette Lapointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Older Cancer Patients

Purpose The purpose of this paper of inter-professional networks is to analyze the evolution of relationships between professional groups enacting new forms of collaboration to address clinical imperatives. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a case study based on semi-structured interviews with physicians and nurses, document analysis and informal discussions. Findings This study documents how two inter-professional networks were developed through professional agency. The findings show that the means by which networks are developed influence the form of collaboration therein. One of the networks developed from day-to-day, immediately relevant, exchange, for patient care. The other one developed from more formal and infrequent research and training exchanges that were seen as less decisive in facilitating patient care. The latter resulted in a loosely knit network based on a small number of ad hoc referrals while the other resulted in a tightly knit network based on frequent referrals and advice seeking. Practical implications Developing inter-professional networks likely require a sustained phase of interpersonal contacts characterized by persuasion, knowledge sharing, skill demonstration and trust building from less powerful professional groups to obtain buy-in from more powerful professional groups. The nature of the collaboration in any resulting network depends largely on the nature of these initial contacts. Originality/value The literature on inter-professional healthcare networks focusses on mandated networks such as NHS managed care networks. There is a lack of research on inter-professional networks that emerged from the bottom up at the initiative of healthcare professionals in response to clinical imperatives. This study looks at some forms of collaboration that these “grass-root” initiatives engender and how they are consolidated.

scholarly journals How can leaders and managers in the Police support the learning of others and at the same time, support their own?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Jones
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to demonstrate that formal mentoring is a helpful tool to develop managers within the changing context of the UK Police, and to highlight how managers can have an influence on mentoring programmes and the learning within them. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal qualitative case study approach was chosen and semi-structured interviews were conducted alongside focus groups. Findings The findings showed that both mentees and mentors perceived they were learning within the mentoring relationship. Also, despite some common themes in relation to the key moderating factors, managers were seen as both facilitating and hindering these mentoring relationships. Research limitations/implications It was recognised that although interesting to compare and contrast the findings between the two different case study organisations, the findings drawn from this study may not be directly applicable to other mentoring programmes beyond these UK Police Forces. More could have been explored in the focus groups and information could have been collected from those that did not attend the interviews or the focus groups. Originality/value This research adds value as there is little written about the mentoring and managers, within the interesting changing context of the UK Police force. The insights from this mentoring research suggest that there is much learning to be gained by both parties through mentoring and that line managers need to be encouraged away from the day to day reactive approach towards being more proactive with supporting the personal development of their team members (and themselves) into the future. If they are more involved and supportive of learning and development interventions, then they and their team members will gain more from the experience and this will ultimately help them to make a more positive difference within their role.

Politicization of e-voting rejection: reflections from Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxat Kassen
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Purpose Despite certain political, organizational, technological and socioeconomic benefits that e-voting brings, governments around the world are beginning one by one to denounce its further use in the electoral process. In this regard, the paper aims to analyze reasons that led to the discontinuation of e-voting, resorting to the case of Kazakhstan, a transitional post-soviet country, which actively used the technology in 2004-2011, as a poster child of the global trend, elaborating on key political, socioeconomic, organizational and technological risks that could be associated with the possible return of this innovation in future elections. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the combination of context and policy analysis, as well as focus groups studies and semi-structured interviews. The context analysis was aimed to understand various political and socioeconomic benefits in adopting e-voting in Kazakhstan. The policy analysis was useful in identifying implementation strategies of the government in promoting e-voting. The focus groups were helpful in understanding the perspectives of various audiences on e-voting. The semi-structured interviews were carried among independent developers in regard to the potential software products that could be used to propose new solutions in the area, including by experimenting with various blockchain platforms. Findings Analyzing the lessons from Kazakhstan, one can conclude that e-voting was introduced and used for several years by authorities in this country for certain economic and organizational benefits, but later they had to reject it and return to traditional paper ballot due to lack of confidence from the non-governmental sector in the capacity of public sector to ensure the integrity of e-voting procedures. As a result, building trust and applying innovative approaches should be a priority for policymakers in the area, if they wish to return to this technology, especially in adopting new presumably more reliable solutions based on blockchain technologies. Research limitations/implications The primary data that was collected by the author from field studies were indexed, refined and presented in a special matrix in a separate section, which were interpreted in the discussion session. These data could be used by other scholars for further interpretation and analysis in their own studies, setting new research agendas and testing hypotheses. This is a single case study research, which is focused on the analysis of reasons that led to the denunciation of e-voting in Kazakhstan, which results could be extrapolated mostly to similar transitional post-totalitarian settings. Practical implications The study can be used to inform ways of how to improve the current e-voting platforms, especially in ensuring better security and transparency of the systems, which could be useful for developers who work on blockchain-driven solutions. Social implications The results of the case study research and expert opinions expressed by various software developers in the e-government areas, which were presented in the paper, could be used by both an academic community and practitioners in understanding better a wide range of political, organizational, economic, social and technological drivers, risks and new opportunities in promoting e-voting technology as a trust generating social phenomenon. Originality/value The paper proposes the first case study of reasons that led to the discontinuation of e-voting in the context of such a typical transitional, post-totalitarian and post-soviet society as Kazakhstan, providing new insights into a wide range of political, regulatory, socioeconomic, organizational and technological aspects of related policy decision-making and implementation strategies adopted by public institutions in this country.

scholarly journals Kindergarten Teachers' Perspective on Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Caeiro ◽  
◽  
Vítor Franco
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childhood Intervention ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Family Centered

In Portugal, children with developmental disorders are supported by the National Early Childhood Intervention System (NECIS). This network aims to promote child development from a family-centered perspective, based on community support and carried out in everyday natural contexts by a transdisciplinary team. This study aims to verify how the NECIS responds to the needs identified by educators who receive children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in pre-school. This is a qualitative, multiple case study using the content analysis of 6 semi-structured interviews. The results show that these educators feel ill-prepared to work with children with ASD. They expect NECIS professionals will perform more targeted and rehabilitative work with the child and point out the limited time that they have to spend with children as one of the main constraints.

Performance of CEmONC Centres in Public Hospitals of Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-377
Author(s):  
S. Rajasulochana ◽  
Umakant Dash
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Care Services

This case study examines the performance of public hospitals in Tamil Nadu in delivering emergency obstetric care services over a period of 8 years as well as to investigate from provider’s perspective the issues and constraints that affect performance. A mixed method approach has been adopted, integrating the descriptive analysis of administrative data on performance reports (2006–2007 to 2013–2014) of emergency obstetric and newborn care services in 46 public hospitals, along with primary study comprising of semi-structured interviews of 27 health personnel across selected public hospitals. Examination of trends in selected performance indicators shows that utilization of public hospitals for emergency obstetric and newborn care services has improved; a number of complicated and critical cases revived in the comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) centres of public hospitals have gone up. The capability to treat complicated maternal and neonatal cases, however, is limited by inadequacy of specialist doctors, equipment maintenance issue and lack of hospital management. This case study is of interest to both public hospital administrators and health care policymakers who want to improve and develop strategies for better management in public hospitals. Specifically, there is an urgent need to (a) readdress human resource policy for health care personnel, (b) devise appropriate mechanisms for periodic inspection and preventive maintenance of hospital equipment and (c) develop management capabilities and leadership skills within public health system.

scholarly journals Experiences of Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen E. Angell ◽  
Hedda Meadan ◽  
Julia B. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and identify their self-reported support needs. We conducted in-person semi-structured interviews with 12 siblings aged 7 to 15 of children aged 6 to 15 with ASDs. Employing a qualitative collective case study research method, we conducted cross-case analyses to address our research questions. Three major themes emerged: (a) descriptions of the sibling subsystem (b) cohesion between and among the siblings, and (c) adaptability of the participant siblings to having family members with ASDs. Discussion of these findings and recommendations for future research contributes to the existing literature on siblings of children with disabilities.

scholarly journals The role of paediatric nurses in medication safety prior to the implementation of electronic prescribing: a qualitative case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Farre ◽  
Gemma Heath ◽  
Karen Shaw ◽  
Teresa Jordan ◽  
Carole Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Medication Safety ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Medication Process

Objectives To explore paediatric nurses’ experiences and perspectives of their role in the medication process and how this role is enacted in everyday practice. Methods A qualitative case study on a general surgical ward of a paediatric hospital in England, one year prior to the planned implementation of ePrescribing. Three focus groups and six individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, involving 24 nurses. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymized and subjected to thematic analysis. Results Two overarching analytical themes were identified: the centrality of risk management in nurses’ role in the medication process and the distributed nature of nurses’ medication risk management practices. Nurses’ contribution to medication safety was seen as an intrinsic feature of a role that extended beyond just preparing and administering medications as prescribed and placed nurses at the heart of a dynamic set of interactions, practices and situations through which medication risks were managed. These findings also illustrate the collective nature of patient safety. Conclusions Both the recognized and the unrecognized contributions of nurses to the management of medications needs to be considered in the design and implementation of ePrescribing systems.

scholarly journals Family Firms and Innovation from Founder to Successor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Francesca Maria Cesaroni ◽  
Gail Denisse Chamochumbi Diaz ◽  
Annalisa Sentuti
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prodigal Son ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Game Changer

Several empirical investigations indicate that family firms are more innovative under the founding generation’s leadership and become less innovative in later stages, while others state the opposite. Within this debate, limited attention has been devoted to understanding how intra-family succession might be an opportunity to maintain or improve family firms’ innovativeness. This paper aims to explore how family firms’ innovativeness may evolve from the first to the second generation and understand which conditions may favour or hamper this change. A qualitative approach based on a multiple case study was adopted, conducting seven face-to-face semi-structured interviews with founders and successors that formed the basis of four case studies. The results reveal four different dynamics that characterise how a first-generation family firm’s innovation capacities are or are not passed on to the second generation: decline, transformation, consolidation and preservation. Findings also show that these dynamics depend on the founders and successors’ approaches towards innovation. To better depict differences between them, we propose a typology of founders (lone innovator, collaborative innovator and orchestrator innovator) and successors (prodigal son, game changer, talent scout, faithful disciple) and explain how they influence the evolution of innovation from the founder generation to the next.

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