Analisis Dampak Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) Level I-IV terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima Merdeka Walk di Kota Medanalisis Sumber Daya Manusia: Sistematisasi Topik dan Arah Penelitian dari Literatur Terpilih

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many had a very large and bad impact on life, especially for traders, both small traders and small traders, not only that, the implementation of community activity restrictions (PPKM) resulted in traders not being allowed to sell during the PPKM level. One of the impacts of the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) is the impact on street vendors around Merdeka Walk (PKL) in the city of Medan. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) Levels I-IV on the Income of Merdeka Walk Street Vendors in Medan City, the research method in this study uses a qualitative method with data collection by interview. The results of interviews with street vendors on the income of street vendors around Merdeka Walk Medan. Keywords: PPKM, Income, Street Vendor

Merchant development of the city of Yalutorovsk (XIX – early XX centuries)

The architecture of stone buildings, built at the expense and with the assistance of merchants and small traders, which form the basis of the architectural and historical environment of the center of Yalutorovsk, was considered. For the first time, on the basis of composition and style analysis of merchant buildings, the specifics of style directions in the architecture of the city were revealed. Changes in the functional purpose, the original appearance of historical objects and development in general were traced. The materials of complex scientific research and restoration project of two merchant trading houses and previously unpublished photo documents are presented.

The Effect of Perceived Cost, Trust, Usefulness, And Customer Value Addition on Intention to Use of Go-Pay Mobile Payment Services In Small Traders

This research is based on the phenomenon of the problem of the widespread use of payment methods based on financial technology (fintech), namely mobile payments which contribute to the circulation of electronic money reaching Rp.47.2 trillion in December 2018. However, there are mental barriers that increasingly hinder the intention to adopt this fintech-based service. One of the largest providers of mobile payment is Go-Pay who owned by Go-Jek. These barriers are in the form of costs, trustworthiness, usefulness, benefits, and experiences that will be obtained. The aims of this study are to identify the effects of Perceived cost, Perceived trust, Perceived usefulness, and Perceived customer value addition on Intention to Use Go-Pay Mobile Payment services on Small Traders. The samples used were 120 respondents of small traders. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis to identify the relationship between variables. These results indicate that the perceived cost, perceived trust, and perceived customer value addition have a significant positive effect on Intention to use, while perceived usefulness has a negative and insignificant effect on Intention to use. This research is expected to be able to provide benefits for mobile payment providers in developing ways to attract small merchant partners for their mobile payment facilities.

DISCRETE-TIME OPTIMAL EXECUTION UNDER A GENERALIZED PRICE IMPACT MODEL WITH MARKOVIAN EXOGENOUS ORDERS

This paper examines a discrete-time optimal execution problem with generalized price impact. Our main objective is to investigate the effect of price impact caused by aggregate random trade orders posed by small traders on the optimal execution strategy when orders of the small traders have a Markovian dependence. Our problem is formulated as a Markov decision process with state variables which include the last small traders’ aggregate orders. Over a finite horizon, a large trader with Constant Absolute Risk Aversion (CARA) von Neumann–Morgenstern (vN-M) utility function maximizes the expected utility from the final wealth. By applying the backward induction method of dynamic programming, we characterize the optimal execution strategy and optimal value function and conclude that the optimal execution strategy is a time-dependent affine function of three state variables. Moreover, numerical analysis prevails that the optimal execution strategy admits a “statistical arbitrage” via a round-trip trading, although our model considers a linear permanent price impact. The result differs from the previous prevailing one that a linear permanent price impact model precludes any price manipulation or arbitrage. Thus, considering a price impact caused by small traders’ orders with a Markovian dependence is significant.

Institution reinforcement of mosque in social economic empowerment of small traders community

Historically, mosque is the center for human civilization with various activities covering social, economy, and culture. However, its function have been shifted and specialized into a place of worship. This paper aims to describe the contribution of the great mosque of Attaqwa Pancor in social economic empowerment, particularly small businesses in Pancor, East Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). The Data are collected through observation, interview, and document study. The result of the analysis shows that mosque involvement in the small-scale economic activities has brought them to be free from the difficulty of capital access and dependence. In the first stage, that is the period of 2019 to August 2020, through Mawar Emas program, total of 80 small-traders in Pancor village was helped to be free from debt problems. The great mosque of Attaqwa which is supported by Indonesia Sharia Economic Community (Masyarakat Ekonomi Syariah, MES) were successfully distributing the total amount of 80 million rupiahs for the small business purposes. The existence of the Attaqwa mosque proves and affirms that religious institutions can contribute to the social economic development. Considering the strategic position, this paper suggests the need for institutional reinforcement of mosque to restore its broad role in addition to religious issues.JEL Classification: A13; O15; Z12

Assessing the level of economic consciousness and the level of health consciousness of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the issue of the COVID-19 pandemic is very shocking to the world, it has altered the pattern of human life toward a new life order. This new life order requires the consciousness of every human being. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess health consciousness and economic consciousness of the risk of being exposed to COVID-19. The hypothesis indicated that the level of economic consciousness was higher than the level of health consciousness during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The research method used was a quantitative method using surveys and it was complemented by direct interviews with respondents. RESULTS: The finding based on the economic level found that people with uncertain income were more concerned with economic consciousness than health consciousness. Besides, the societies with uncertain income, especially non-formal workers, were not so afraid of the coronavirus 19 and they did not care while contracting the virus, due to they have believed that life and death have been determined by God. Other results showed that respondents worked as small traders, medium and large entrepreneurs were also more concerned with economic consciousness rather than health consciousness, it revealed that the societies did not have regular income and they argued that COVID-19 was merely an ordinary virus. CONCLUSION: Respondents who were employees, health workers and other professions who had regular income, they tended to pay more attention to health consciousness than economic consciousness due to these societies had sufficient savings if they selected the quarantine at home.

The role of the government in increasing MSMEs in Indonesia

As we know that economic growth is one indicator of a country's economic performance. Experts state that small traders are business actors with relatively small capital who carry out production activities or sell goods and services to meet the needs of certain groups in society. From a business development perspective, small traders, such as warungs, street vendors or hawkers, and small-scale shops are micro-enterprises that operate informally. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on 84.7% of MSMEs, the average income fell significantly by 53%, and around 72% of MSMEs experienced a decrease in income of more than 40%. MSMEs have a very large role in the Indonesian economy.

Personal Loan Agreement Between Small Traders and “Bank Plecit” at Traditional Market Banyumas, Central Java; A Study from the Perspective of Moral Judgement

In Indonesia, it has found that small traders are still borrowing money from ‘bank plecit’ or known as loan shark although they know the risks of borrowing money from them. This happens because they are financially desperate and very little documentation is required. This study aims to explore the experiences and understandings (cognitive) of small traders and ‘bank plecit’ at Traditional Market, Bayumas, Jogjakarta from the moral judgement perspective that has influenced their personal loan agreement process. Seven ‘bank plecit’ and nine small traders from Traditonal Market, Bayumas, Puworkerto were selected for this study. A qualitative approach using one to one in-depth interview method and observation were used to gather the primary data. The findings show that small traders have a clear understanding of the risk of paying a high-interest rates when they decided to borrow money from ‘bank plecit’. Several reasons are given by both group of respondents in the area of moral judgement decision-making based on a cognitive view that can be considered as internal and external factors. For the small traders, the internal factors are related with them such as responsibility to family so that they can get out of the financial crisis easily and belief in God when they surrender with their life's hardships. While external factors show that small traders believe that it’s a rational decision because the loan process and procedures from the ‘bank plecit’ is often faster and easier than the legal banks that they considered as so straight. They considered that borrowing money from the ‘bank plecit’ was their best rational decision they can made in order to get capital for their business and for their survival. For the ‘bank plecit’, they are only concerned about profits when they agreed to lend the money to small traders, but they said that helping small traders is their responsibility. In addition, they also aware of setting high rate interest to the small traders, they assume that is the way they are helping small traders as the small traders desperately need money. They believed that cognitively, decision that they have made is right because they will help the small traders to start or continue their business. Overall, this study found that moral judgement in cognitive made by both group of respondents are based on their personal situations and lives. Keywords: moral judgement, cognitive, ‘bank plecit’, personal loan agreement

Analisis Media Promosi Produk Ritel Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Pada Toko “Dika” Dusun Krapyak Kulon Kelurahan Panggungharjo Kecamatan Sewon Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

AbstrakDalam perdagangan besar produk yang dijual beraneka ragam, membutuhkan modal yang cukup besar serta relasi yang cukup banyak. Pedagang besar biasa disebut dengan perdagangan secara grosir yang tidak menjual barang dagangannya dalam jumlah kecil tetapi pada jumlah yang besar atau tidak diecer. Ketatnya persaingan pedagang besar dan pedagang kecil, pasar tradisional,pada pasar modern menjadi suatu bumerang yang sangat besar pengaruhnya pada kebudayaan ekonomi. Toko “DIKA” adalah toko kelontong yang menjual produk ritel yang dibutuhkan masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan Pada Toko Ritel “Dika” Krapyak Yogyakarta. Waktu Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Agustus sampai dengan September 2018. Analisis yang digunakan adalah data penjualan selama 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbandingan pemakaian media promosi selama 5 tahun rata-rata hasil penjualan menggunakan promosi sebesar 24,800,000 lebih besar dibandingkan sebelum menggunakan promosi sebesar 22,483,333. Artinya media promosi dapat meningkatkan hasil penjualan. Media handphone dan Koran merupakan alat promosi yang tepat untu meningkatkan hasil penjualan.Kata Kunci: Analisis, Media Promosi, Toko DikaAbstractIn a large trade, various products are sold, requiring a large enough capital and quite a lot of relationships. Wholesalers are usually called wholesale trading which does not sell their merchandise in small quantities but in large quantities or not at retail. The intense competition between wholesalers and small traders, traditional markets, in modern markets has become a boomerang which has a very large impact on economic culture. The “DIKA” shop is a grocery store that sells retail products that are needed by the community to meet their daily needs. In this study using a comparative method. This research was conducted at the Retail Store "Dika" Krapyak Yogyakarta. Research time was conducted from August to September 2018. The analysis used was sales data for 5 years. The results showed the comparison of the use of promotional media for 5 years, the average sales result using the promotion was 24,800,000 greater than before using the promotion which was 22,483,333. This means that promotional media can increase sales results. Mobile and newspaper media are the right promotional tools to increase sales results.Keywords: Analysis, Promotional Media, Toko Dika