scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Specimens from the New and Previously Treated Tuberculosis Cases at the National Reference Chest Diseases Laboratory in Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
DK Mumena ◽  
G Kwenda ◽  
CW Ngugi ◽  
AK Nyerere
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Previously Treated

Background: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major public health issues globally. Zambia is highly burdened by TB and multi-drug resistant TB. In this study, sputum samples obtained from the new and previously treated cases of TB were examined for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods: Sputum specimens were processed using the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide method, stained and examined using fluorescent technique and microscopy respectively. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted using the Genolyse kit, then subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization. Drug-resistance and mutations in MTB genes were detected using the Genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 and MTBDRsl VER 2.0 assays. Results: A total of 329 MTB-positive sputum specimens, 102 from the new TB cases and 227 from previously treated TB cases, were analysed for drug-resistance. Among the new TB cases, 3.9% had Rifampicin (RIF) mono-resistance, 12.8% Isoniazid (INH) mono-resistance, and 17.7% had Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). For the previously treated TB cases, 10.1% had RIF mono-resistance, 6.6% INH mono-resistance, 33.0% MDR, 1.8% poly-drug resistance, and 0.8% had pre-Extensively Drug-Resistance (pre-XDR). Mutations identified were rpoB (Ser531Leu, His526Asp, Asp516Val, His526Tyr, and Glu510His), katG (Ser315Thr 1 and Ser315Thr 2), InhA (Cys15Thr), gyrA (Ala90Val and Asp94Gly), and eis (Cys14Thr), each with a varying frequency. Conclusion: DR-TB is prevalent, especially MDR-TB, which is currently the most worrisome form of DR-TB and an emerging threat hampering efforts in the control of TB in Zambia. The early detection and effective treatment of TB cases are key in the control of DR-TB.

scholarly journals A study on multi drug resistant tuberculosis at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Prashant V. Solanke ◽  
Preeti Pawde ◽  
Ajin R. M.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resistance to antitubercular drugs has been noted since the drugs were first introduced, and occasionally outbreaks of drug-resistant tuberculosis have been reported worldwide. WHO emphasizes that good TB control prevents the emergence of drug resistance in the first place and that the proper treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis prevents the emergence of XDR-TB. The objectives of the study were to examine the sputum samples regarding MDR-TB, to study the grading regarding sputum positive and to study the multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical sciences.Methods: Study design was cross-sectional, Study duration was January 2016-March 2017. Study place was Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Kulasekharam. Sample size was 400. Data entered in MS-Office Word- 2016. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained. Results: In present study 54.86% patient had sputum AFB positive, 45.13% had sputum AFB negative smears. 75% of the sputum AFB positive pulmonary TB came under the age group between 20-60 and 25% above 60 yrs. 78.24% males, 21.75% females had sputum AFB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and 43.73% patients had positive sputum culture, 56.26% patients had negative sputum culture and the most common strain found was Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: So from our study we found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major strain isolated from sputum samples. The resistance is more to Isoniazid and Rifampicin and is more in the rural parts of India. Early screening and drug susceptibility test of culture positive and MTB cases will help in initiating treatment of MDR-TB. 

Current insights into the chemistry and antitubercular potential of benzimidazole and imidazole derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Parwani ◽  
Sushanta Bhattacharya ◽  
Akash Rathore ◽  
Chaitali Mallick ◽  
Vivek Asati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance ◽  
Improved Characteristics

: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affecting millions of people worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance is a major problem in the successful treatment of tuberculosis. Due to the commencement of MDR-TB (multi-drug resistance) and XDR-TB (extensively drug resistance), there is a crucial need for the development of novel anti-tubercular agents with improved characteristics such as low toxicity, enhanced inhibitory activity and short duration of treatment. In this direction, various heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among them, benzimidazole and imidazole containing derivatives found to have potential anti-tubercular activity. The present review focuses on various imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives (from 2015-2019) with their structure activity relationships in the treatment of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of drug resistance and mutation profiles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a surveillance site in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098493
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yixuan Ren ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Junli Yi ◽  
Tong Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Site ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Beijing China

Objective This study analyzed drug resistance and mutations profiles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a surveillance site in Huairou District, Beijing, China. Methods The proportion method was used to assess drug resistance profiles for four first-line and seven second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Molecular line probe assays were used for the rapid detection of resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Results Among 235 strains of M. tuberculosis, 79 (33.6%) isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. The isolates included 18 monoresistant (7.7%), 19 polyresistant (8.1%), 28 RIF-resistant (11.9%), 24 multidrug-resistant (MDR) (10.2%), 7 pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR, 3.0%), and 2 XDR strains (0.9%). A higher rate of MDR-TB was detected among previously treated patients than among patients with newly diagnosed TB (34.5% vs. 6.8%). The majority (62.5%) of RIF-resistant isolates exhibited a mutation at S531L in the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Meanwhile, 62.9% of INH-resistant isolates carried a mutation at S315T1 in the katG gene. Conclusion Our results confirmed the high rate of drug-resistant TB, especially MDR-TB, in Huairou District, Beijing, China. Therefore, detailed drug testing is crucial in the evaluation of MDR-TB treatment.

scholarly journals Mycobaterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats analysis and pattern of drug resistance in extended drug resistant (XDR) TB isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Shirin Tarafder ◽  
Md Bayzid Bin Monir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: To investigate the spread of specific genotypes in a defined geographical area and to determine any relationship of these genotypes with drug resistance the most essential method is molecular typing. It allows a rapid and precise species differentiation. Objective: This study was intended to observe the genotypes of XDR mycobacterium tuberculosis by determining 24 loci MIRU-VNTR analysis. Methods: To gain an insight about molecular typing of MTB and drug resistance-associated mutations in XDR-TB isolates a total of 98 multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates collected through Xpert MTB/RIF assay. They were subjected to 2nd line (Fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin) drug susceptibility testing through line probe assay (LPA) in a view to detect extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Genotyping was done for XDR-TB isolates using 24 loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) using the online tool at http://www.MIRU-VNTRplus.org.. Out of 98 MDR-TB isolates 11(11.23%)  XDR-TB isolates were typed and analysed. Results: Twenty four loci MIRU-VNTR genotyping involving similarity searching and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that six (54.60%) XDR-TB isolates belonged to Beijing strain, Other MTB strain also detected were Delhi/CAS two(18.20%), Haarlem two(18.20%) and New-1, one (9.10%) in number. Minimum spanning tree analysis showed two strain of Beijing family form a clonal complex. Beijing strains were more common among younger age group and within urban population. Beijing strains were also predominant in treatment failure patient. Only one new case of XDR-TB belongs to Delhi/CAS family. Second line mycobacterial drug resistance (MTBDRsl) detected by LPA showed the most prevalent mutations involved in Fluoroquinolones drug resistance (FQ) was Asp94Gly in gyrA gene (54.55%) in quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) and for Injectable 2nd line Drug resistance (ISL) was A1401G, C1402T in 16S rrs gene (100%)..  All XDR-TB isolates showed resistance to Levofloxacin in 2nd line LPA but Moxifloxacin showed low level resistance to some cases. Conclusion: Molecular typing of XDR- TB isolates and pattern of drug resistance associated mutations in XDR-TB isolates in Bangladesh have not been reported previously. The result of this study highlights the need to reinforce the TB policy in Bangladesh with regard to control the spread and transmission as well as detection and treatment strategies regarding XDR-TB. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 22-28

scholarly journals GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Directly from Sputum Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourjahan Laskar ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Mominur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of molecular methods for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistant TB as a rapid method. In Bangladesh, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been implemented into reference laboratories for diagnosis of TB and also MDR TB.Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in our country. The present study focused on the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as drug resistance.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 107 cases, assumed as multi-drug resistance tuberculosis, were studied through GeneXpert assay.Results: Out of 107 cases, 91 (85.05%) were detected having M. tuberculosis ? 64 (59.81%) were rifampicin sensitive and 27 (25.23%) were rifampicin resistant. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert are 87.64% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: GeneXpert assay can be considered for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 86-89

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Profile and Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Suspected Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Patients in Regional Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (R.T.R.L) of a Tertiary Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummay Fatema Khatun ◽  
Robed Amin ◽  
Muna Islam ◽  
Abdur Rob ◽  
Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Suspected Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis has been reported in all regions of the world. In this study we address the socio-demographic profile and drug sensitivity pattern as well as prevalence of drug resistance tuberculosis in a tertiary center (regional TB reference laboratory) in Bangladesh.Method: This Study was carried out in R.T.R.L. (Regional TB Reference Laboratory) in 250 bedded Chittagong General Hospital. Patients who were referred to R.T.R.L during the period July 2012 to July 2013 were included in the study. Total 100 patients with suspected drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) who had any one of 9 criteria of NTP (National Tuberculosis Control Programme) were selected consecutively. Gene xpert MTB/RIF (Rifampicin resistance) test for all sputum positive cases were performed. Sputum sample of Patients with positive microscopy for AFB or positive Xpert/MTB was sent for culture. The samples with positive sputum culture were sent for drug sensitivity test for 1st line anti- tubercular drug.Result: Among 100 patients 78 were male and 22 were female, majority of the patients (64) were between 15-45 years with poor socio economic condition (73%) and primarily educated. Analysis of our Study result showed that 18% of patients were mono-drug resistant. Among them 13% showed resistance to isoniazid (INH), 4% to streptomycin and only 2% to rifampicin. No patient was found resistant to pyrazinamide (PNZ) and 38% of patient with suspected drug – resistant TB was found to have no drug resistance. 18% of patient had multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among which 56% were relapse cases (48% after cat -I, 8% after cat II), 24% were non – converter of cat –I, 12% belonged to failure of cat –I, 3% failure of cat –II, 2% return after default and others. 1% of patient had history of contact with MDR –TB patient.Conclusion: Drug-resistance tuberculosis especially MDR-TB, was higher in patients with previously incomplete anti-tuberculosis treatment. A high level of drug resistance among the re-treatment TB patients poses a threat of transmission of resistant strains to susceptible persons in the community. For this reason proper counseling of patients and attention towards the completion of the anti-TB treatment are needed.J MEDICINE July 2017; 18 (2) : 62-67

scholarly journals Association between embB Codon 306 Mutations and Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2618-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Shen ◽  
Guo-miao Shen ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Xiao-hong Gui ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Candidate Marker ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT embB306 mutants were detected in both ethambutol (EMB)-resistant and EMB-susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains had a higher proportion of embB306 mutants than non-MDR strains (odds ratio, 6.78; P < 0.001). The embB306 locus is a candidate marker for rapid detection of MDR and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals CBNAAT Based Identification and Demographic Pattern of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in South Kashmir, India- a One Year Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rubeena Hakkak ◽  
Saqib Rishi ◽  
Javid Ahmed Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The World ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

India is the highest TB burden country in the world having an estimated incidence of 26.9 lakh cases in 2019. With a population of 1.32 billion, India has the highest burden of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) in the world. North zone of India is the second highest MDR-TB prevalent zone after the West zone of India. MDR TB treatment involves prolonged treatment with injectable second-line drugs, associated with more adverse effects, suboptimal treatment outcomes and higher risks of mortality compared to patients with drug-sensitive TB and those with lesser resistant forms of TB. Materials methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag, data was analyzed from March 2017 to February 2018. Non-sterile specimens were processed by Modified Petroff Method. Sterile specimens were concentrated by centrifugation and smear and cultures was inoculated from the sediment. CBNAAT assay was performed by Gene Xpert (Cepheid) 4 system according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Results: Of the total 1497 clinically suspected tuberculosis specimens collected, 1370 (91.5%) were pulmonary and 127 (8.5%) were presumptive extra pulmonary tuberculosis received from different anatomical sites. Maximum clustering of cases was seen in 10-20 years age group. Out of the total 1497 samples 200 were CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis positive samples. In which 155 were pulmonary and 45 were extra pulmonary. The average percentage positivity rate (i.e. percentage of MTB positive samples out of total samples tested) was 13.3% (200/1497).  Rifampicin resistance (RR-TB) was seen in 5.5% (11/200) samples. Out of the samples detected positive (200): 155 were pulmonary samples and out of these 155 pulmonary samples 8 were found to be RR MTB 5.1% (8/155).  Also out of the 200 positive samples 45 were extra pulmonary and out of these 45 extra pulmonary samples 3 were found to be RR MTB 6.6% (3/45). Conclusion: In this study we found that in our region 5.5%  cases of TB were RR-TB, 3.2% were new cases and 13% RR-TB was seen in  previously treated cases of MTB. The screening of drug resistance has to be expanded to offer universal DST including expanded DST .The second and most important activity is to strengthen drug resistance surveillance under the various national programs with inclusion of laboratories in the private sector as well. The state level regional studies also give us the opportunity to plan and execute intervention prioritization, based on the drug resistance trends observed.

scholarly journals Genotypic diversity of multi- and pre-extremely drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Morocco

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253826
Author(s):  
Amal Oudghiri ◽  
Ghizlane Momen ◽  
Achraf Aainouss ◽  
Amin Laglaoui ◽  
My Driss El Messaoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Database Clustering ◽  
High Level

In Morocco, the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to increase especially within previously treated cases; these MDR cases may evolve to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) raising major concern to TB control programs. From an epidemiological window, scarce informations are available about the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains fueling these forms of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess to genetic diversity of MDR-MTB strains. Hence, this prospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MDR-TB at Pasteur Institute of Casablanca from 2010 to 2013. A total of 70 MDR-MTB isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping and 15-loci MIRU-VNTR methods. Spoligotyping generated four orphan patterns, five unique profiles whereas 61 strains were grouped in nine clusters (2 to 25 strains per cluster), the clustering rates being 87.1%. Subtyping by 15 loci MIRU-VNTR splitted all clusters already established by spoligotyping and generated 70 unique profiles not recognized in SITVIT2 database; clustering rate was equal to zero. HGDI analysis of 15 loci MIRU demonstrated that eight out of 15 loci were highly discriminant. Of note, all pre-XDR strains belongs to many clades, meaning that there no association between gyrA mutants and particular clade. Overall, the data generated by this study (i) describe the population structure of MDR MTBC in Morocco which is highly homogenous, (ii) confirm that TB in Morocco is almost exclusively transmitted by modern and evolutionary lineages with high level of biodiversity seen by MIRU, and (iii) validate the use of optimized 15-loci MIRU-VNTR format for future investigations in Morocco.

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