scholarly journals The role of risk factors in the incidence and recurrence of ectopic pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Stanica ◽  
◽  
Adrian Neacsu ◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

The increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the last 20 years, with the serious compromise of the woman's obstetric future and the life-threatening complications caused by it, makes ectopic pregnancy a very current problem, frequently encountered in Obstetrics-Gynecology clinics The aim of this study is to compare how risk factors and management can influence the incidence and the risk of recurrence of ectopic pregnancy. This paper presents a prospective case-control study for 65 patients, who have been diagnosed serologically and ultrasonically. In the present study, the most common risk factors involved were: pelvic inflammatory disease (46%), ectopic pregnancy (20%), smoking (85%), abortions (55%), and abdominal surgery (43%). In the group of patients studied, patients required surgical and medical treatment, and also a management of expectation. The risk factors that influence recurrence were smoking (100%), pelvic inflammatory disease (84.6%), abortions (53.8%), abdominal surgery (46%). By the type of surgery (laparoscopy or laparotomy), the risk of recurrence varies between 6 and 10% and does not seem to be influenced by it.

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy, Still A Life Threatening Emergency - A Clinical Study Of 100 Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha B ◽  
Geetha L ◽  
Usha Rani T ◽  
Rama Devi A ◽  
Madhuri K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Ectopic Gestation ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Urine Pregnancy Test

Ectopic pregnancy is still a major challenge & its incidence is on the rise due to changes in lifestyle & advances in medical practice. The objective was to study incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors & management of cases that presented in our hospital over a four -year period. A Prospective study of 100 cases presenting as ectopic pregnancy from 15-1-2010 to 15-1-2014.During this period total of 3176 deliveries & 1347 gynaecological surgeries were recorded. 100 patients had ectopic gestations accounting for 3.1% of all deliveries & 7.4% of gynaecological surgeries. Peak age group was 20-29y in 59cases(59%). Gestational age at presentation was 6-8weeks for most of the cases (62%). 59 cases (59%) were multiparous & 41(41%) were nulliparous. All had symptoms suggestive of ectopic pregnancy (amenorrhea, abdominal pain, giddiness, bleeding pervaginum). Diagnosis was confirmed by urine pregnancy test & USG. Common risk factors present were previous surgery ie LSCS-30(30%), Tubectomy-19(19%); Abortions-32(32%); Infertility-36(36%); PID-16(16%).Out of 100cases, 93 (93%) were ruptured & 7(7%) unruptured. Unruptured cases were treated medically using Methotrexate. Laparotomy was done for ruptured cases. Commonest site of Ectopic was ampulla (60%). Salpingectomy was done for most cases (73%).Although case-fatality has decreased, ruptured Ectopic gestation continues to be a common life-threatening emergency making tubal conservation inapplicable. This is of concern in a society with high premium on child-bearing.

Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy and Tubal Infertility Following Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Reekie ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Jane S Hocking ◽  
John M Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Increases In Risk

Abstract Gonorrhea and chlamydia are important causes of pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydia also causes long-term sequelae, but the role of gonorrhea is unclear. We followed 300 000 reproductive-aged women for 10 years for ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility; our findings suggest both infections confer similar increases in risk of these outcomes.

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy - Is It Always a Threat to A Woman’s Life?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Bleeding

Ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus or attaches to an abnormal portion of the uterus, like cervix, cornea, myometrium. Such state occurs in 2% of all reported pregnancies. There are plenty of risk factors for this state. Fallopian tube surgery in the past, pelvic inflammatory disease is one of them. Undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy may lead to serious complications, like rupturing of the fallopian tube and massive internal bleeding. We would like to present a case, in which the patient was not aware of being pregnant, until she got the histopathology results after laparoscopic surgery because of tumor in the rectouterine pouch.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish K. M. ◽  
Shwetha N. ◽  
Nalini N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy and its impact on women’s fertility in recent years need significant attention.Methods: A two years prospective study from January 2018 to December 2019 conducted to determine incidence, association of risk factors with ectopic pregnancy and find the most common risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, a tertiary care Hospital in Pune.Results: During the study period 100 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy. Incidence was 5.29 per 1000 births. Majority were in the age group of 20-24 years (42%), multiparous (59%) and belong to low socioeconomic state (62%). In majority of the patients (22%) no risk factors was found. Among the patients who had risk factors, the main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were history of history of pelvic inflammatory disease (20%), previous tubal/abdominal surgery (12%), history of Infertility (10%), previous termination of pregnancy (10%), contraception with mirena IUS or IUCD in situ (8%) and a history of prior ectopic pregnancy (4%).Conclusions: In majority (78%) of patients risk factors for ectopic pregnancy was present and pelvic inflammatory disease was found to be a major risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals P3.013 The Role of Chlamydia in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Ectopic Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A151.3-A152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Price ◽  
A Ades ◽  
N Welton ◽  
K Soldan ◽  
P Horner
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease

scholarly journals Chlamydia infection as a risk factor in ectopic pregnancy: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Angela George ◽  
Shaila S.
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis has been linked to 30-50% of all ectopic pregnancies, due to irreversible tissue damage.  Hence it is pertinent to explore the risk factors pertaining to Chlamydia infection and ectopic pregnancies. The aim is to study whether Chlamydia infection is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy in comparison with early intrauterine pregnancy, and study other risk factors in ectopic pregnancyMethods: Case-control study conducted at Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram over a period of six months taking 43 subjects in each group, i.e., cases and controls. An interview followed by collection of venous blood sample was done, which was subjected to Enzyme linked immunoassay test to detect Immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia. Comparison of qualitative variables such as age, socioeconomic status, history of infertility, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, previous history of ectopic pregnancy, use of IUCD, history of IVF, use of OCP or progesterone only pills and presence of Chlamydia IgG antibodies - between two groups was analyzed by chi-square test and the strength of association expressed in terms of Odds Rati. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 86 samples 54 were positive for Chlamydia infection. Subjects with Chlamydia infection had an increased risk of developing ectopic pregnancy. Among the other risk factorshistory of pelvic inflammatory disease and history of infertility were the most significant with Odds of 3.46 and 3.98 respectively. History of oral contraceptive use also had a significant risk associated with developing ectopic pregnancy. Other factors with significant association included, age more than 25 years, Upper Socioeconomic Class, previous ectopic pregnancy and history of IUCD use for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The increased number of Chlamydia infection and its increased risk for developing irreversible sequels such as ectopic pregnancy, it is pertinent to vigilantly diagnose, treat and prevent vaginal infection and pelvic inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals How prevalent are symptoms and risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease in a sexually conservative population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oqba Al-kuran ◽  
Lama Al-Mehaisen ◽  
Hamza Alduraidi ◽  
Naser Al-Husban ◽  
Balqees Attarakih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Jordanian Population

Abstract Background Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the inflammation of the adnexa of the uterus, that mainly manifests in a subclinical/chronic context and goes largely underreported. However, it poses a major threat to women’s health, as it is responsible for infertility and ectopic pregnancies, as well as chronic pelvic pain. Previous studies in Jordan have not reported PID, attributed mainly to the social structure of the country which largely represents a sexually conservative population. Our study aims to report the clinical symptoms that point towards PID and investigate the major risk determinants for the Jordanian population, in a cross-sectional study, using our scoring system based only on clinical data and examination. Methods One hundred sixty-eight consecutive adult women that came in the Outpatient Clinics of Gynaecological Department of the Jordan University Hospital were interviewed and their medical history and symptoms were registered and analysed. A Score for PID symptoms, we developed, was given to each woman. Results and correlations were then statistically tested. Results Our study population consisted of relatively young women (37.7 ± 11) that had their first child at an average age of 24.1 (± 4.8) and a mean parity of 3.1 (± 2.2). Fifty-eight women (34.5%) reported having undergone at least one CS, while the mean PID Symptom Score was 3.3 (± 2.3). The women in our study exhibited 8 symptoms of PID, namely dysmenorrhea and vaginal discharge; being the commonest (45.2% and 44.6% respectively), in addition to chronic pelvic pain, pelvic heaviness, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms, and smelly urine. They also reported history of 3 conditions that can be attributed to PID, that is infertility, preterm labour, and miscarriages. Conclusions Our PID Scoring System seems to identify the risk factors of PID and predict well the PID likelihood. This score predicts that women with higher parity, who used contraceptives and underwent any invasive medical procedure are expected to score higher in the PID Symptom Score. Our data also suggest that PID should not be ruled out in the Jordanian population when symptoms are compatible to this diagnosis.

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