scholarly journals Chlamydia infection as a risk factor in ectopic pregnancy: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Angela George ◽  
Shaila S.
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis has been linked to 30-50% of all ectopic pregnancies, due to irreversible tissue damage.  Hence it is pertinent to explore the risk factors pertaining to Chlamydia infection and ectopic pregnancies. The aim is to study whether Chlamydia infection is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy in comparison with early intrauterine pregnancy, and study other risk factors in ectopic pregnancyMethods: Case-control study conducted at Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram over a period of six months taking 43 subjects in each group, i.e., cases and controls. An interview followed by collection of venous blood sample was done, which was subjected to Enzyme linked immunoassay test to detect Immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia. Comparison of qualitative variables such as age, socioeconomic status, history of infertility, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, previous history of ectopic pregnancy, use of IUCD, history of IVF, use of OCP or progesterone only pills and presence of Chlamydia IgG antibodies - between two groups was analyzed by chi-square test and the strength of association expressed in terms of Odds Rati. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 86 samples 54 were positive for Chlamydia infection. Subjects with Chlamydia infection had an increased risk of developing ectopic pregnancy. Among the other risk factorshistory of pelvic inflammatory disease and history of infertility were the most significant with Odds of 3.46 and 3.98 respectively. History of oral contraceptive use also had a significant risk associated with developing ectopic pregnancy. Other factors with significant association included, age more than 25 years, Upper Socioeconomic Class, previous ectopic pregnancy and history of IUCD use for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The increased number of Chlamydia infection and its increased risk for developing irreversible sequels such as ectopic pregnancy, it is pertinent to vigilantly diagnose, treat and prevent vaginal infection and pelvic inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy and its Risk Factors: A Case Control Study in Nepalese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
G. Bhandari ◽  
K.K. Yadav ◽  
R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity during the first trimester. The major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include prior tubal infections, previous ectopic pregnancy, previous abortions, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, contraception failure, tubal surgeries, infertility and use of artificial reproductive pregnancies. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different risk factors in the causation of ectopic pregnancies among women in the Nepalese setting. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College comparing 39 cases of ectopic pregnancies with 39 controls consisting of intra-uterine pregnancies. The suspected cases were confirmed through clinical examination, trans-abdominal or trans-vaginal ultrasonography and serum β-hCG levels with further confirmation obtained after laparotomy / laparoscopy among cases who underwent surgery. The two study groups matched with age, gravidity and contraceptive uses were studied. History of previous abortions, previous ectopics and past abdomino-pelvic surgeries were also studied. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of contraceptive failure among the two groups (p-value= 0.032) with women with such history having a relative risk of 1.667 with odds ratio of 3.400. The risk posed by previous abortions and previous ectopics wasn’t found significant (RR= 1.000 and 2.053 respectively). The history of past abdomino-pelvic surgeries also showed significant role in causation of ectopics (RR= 1.094). Conclusion: Among different risk factors studied, the contraception usage was the most significant risk factors. Oral contraceptive pills was the most identified among the contraception used in cases of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Suicide in Psychiatric Inpatients— A Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard A. Deisenhammer ◽  
Elisa-Marie Behrndt-Bauer ◽  
Georg Kemmler ◽  
Christian Haring ◽  
Carl Miller
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inpatient Suicide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Psychiatric inpatients constitute a population at considerably increased risk for suicide. Identifying those at imminent risk is still a challenging task for hospital staff. This retrospective case–control study focused on clinical risk factors related to the course of the hospital stay.Method: Inpatient suicide cases were identified by linking the Tyrol Suicide Register with the registers of three psychiatric hospitals in the state. Control subjects were patients who had also been hospitalized in the respective psychiatric unit but had not died by suicide. Matching variables included sex, age, hospital, diagnosis, and admission date. The study period comprised 7 years. Data were analyzed by the appropriate two-sample tests and by logistic regression.Results: A total of 30 inpatient suicide cases and 54 control patients were included. A number of factors differentiated cases from controls; after correction for multiple testing, the following retained significance: history of aborted suicide, history of attempted suicide, history of any suicidal behavior/threats, suicidal ideation continuing during hospitalization, no development of prospective plans, no improvement of mood during the hospital stay, and leaving ward without giving notice. Logistic regression identified the latter three variables and history of attempted suicide as highly significant predictors of inpatient suicide.Conclusions: Preventive measures during hospitalization include thorough assessment of suicidal features, an emphasis on the development of future perspectives, and a review of hospital regulations for patients who want to leave the ward.

Inflammatory potential of diet and risk for hepatocellular cancer in a case–control study from Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
Antonella Zucchetto ◽  
Anna Crispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

AbstractInflammation and diet have been suggested to be important risk factors for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This Italian multicentre hospital-based case–control study conducted between 1999 and 2002 and including 185 cases with incident, histologically confirmed HCC, and 404 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases provided an opportunity to investigate the association between HCC and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The DII was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed 2 years before the date of interview by a validated sixty-three-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, smoking, physical activity, serum markers of hepatitis B and C infection and energy intake. Energy adjustment for DII was performed using the residual method. Participants in the highest tertile of DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk for HCC (ORtertile 3 v, 1 2·43; 95 % CI 1·27, 4·68; Ptrend=0·03). When stratified by the presence or absence of hepatitis B/C infection and sex, DII was strongly associated with HCC in hepatitis B- and C-negative participants (ORtertile 3 v. 1 4·18; 95 % CI 1·53, 11·39; Ptrend=0·02) and among males (ORtertile 3 v. 1 3·60; 95 % CI 1·65, 7·87; Ptrend=0·001). These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk for HCC, in those without a history of hepatitis B/C infection and among males.

scholarly journals Association Between Serum Microcystins Levels and Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: a Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhu ◽  
Xiaolan Wang ◽  
Jia Tan ◽  
Shuaishuai Xu ◽  
Yanhong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Microcystins(MCs) have been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammation by animal and cell experiments, but there are no study on the relationship between serum microcystin-LR(MC-LR) and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) risk in populations. We designed a clinical case-control study to investigate the relationship between serum MC-LR and CPID risk. From October 2020 to March 2021, 50 patients diagnosed with CPID and 50 controls (frequency matched by age) were recruited from the First Hospital University of South China, in Hengyang, Central China. The basic information on lifestyle and history of disease was acquired through questionnaires. Blood samples were analyzed for MC-LR by ELISA. Binary logistic regression analyses and chi-square test were used to evaluate the effects of MC-LR on CPID risk. With the increase of serum MC-LR level (Q2, Q3 and Q4), the AOR of CPID risk increased (0.139, 0.167 and 0.040, respectively). The serum MC-LR(0.06 ~ 0.66µg/L) was an independent protective factor for CPID in humans, and the protective effect of concentrations ≥ 0.25μg/L was more obvious. Within the certain concentration range, MC-LR was an independent protective factor for the risk of CPID in humans, which will provide a scientific basis for the study of the relationship between serum microcystins and inflammation.

scholarly journals Association Between Infection With Campylobacter Species and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, is linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thai. Thus, this study objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants and evaluated using a TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p < 0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj = 4.7, 95%CI: 2.41–9.98, p = 0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. was associated with an increased risk of EC.

scholarly journals Complications of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Endometrial or Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xingyu Chen ◽  
Jiayi Sheng ◽  
Xinyi Sun ◽  
George Qiaoqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe association of complications of pregnancy and the risk of developing gynecological cancer is controversial with the limited study. In this study, we investigated the association of preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or large for gestational age (LGA), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer.MethodsIn this case-control study, 189 women with endometrial cancer and 119 women with ovarian cancer were included. 342 women without gynecological cancers were randomly selected as a control group. Data on the history of pregnancy and age at diagnosis of gynecological cancer as well as the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) were collected.ResultsWomen with a history of preeclampsia or IUGR did not have an increased risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancer. While women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant increased the risk of developing endometrial cancer but not ovarian cancer. The odds of women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant developing endometrial cancer was 2.691 (95% CI: 1.548, 4.3635, p=0.0003), or 6.383 (95% CI: 2.812, 13.68, p&lt;0.0001) respectively, compared to the controls. The odds ratio of women who did not use IUDs developing ovarian cancer was 1.606 (95% CI: 1.057, 2.434), compared to the controls. There was no association of age at first birth and developing endometrial or ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur observational data suggested that GDM and delivery of an LGA infant are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Combined and interaction effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and smoking on lung cancer: a case-control study in southeast China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Weimin Xiong ◽  
Minglian Qiu ◽  
Shuling Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background: This case-control study investigated the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the combined and interaction effect of Cpn infection, smoking, and various environmental factors.Methods: The study comprised 449 lung cancer patients and 512 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. All participants provided a 5 ml fasting peripheral venous blood sample for testing Cpn-specific IgG and IgA by using micro-immunofluorescence. Besides analyzing the associations between Cpn and lung cancer, combined effect analysis, logistic regression, and the Excel table made by Andersson were used to analyze the combined and interaction effects of Cpn and environmental factors on lung cancer.Results: Compared to those with no evidence of serum Cpn IgA or Cpn IgG, those with both Cpn IgG+ and IgA+ had 2.00 times the risk (95% CI: 1.34–3.00) of developing lung cancer. Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.10–2.91) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.38–3.72), respectively. Those exposed to passive smoking with Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ also showed an increased risk of lung cancer; the adjusted OR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.20–2.77) or 1.87 (95% CI: 1.22–2.87), respectively. Similar results were also observed among alcohol drinkers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were not observed between Cpn infection and environmental factors. The combined effects of Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer on lung cancer were determined.Conclusion: Cpn infection is potentially associated with primary lung cancer in the Chinese Han population and has combined effects with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer.

scholarly journals Timing, Dosage, and Adherence of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Lin Chiu ◽  
Wen-Miin Liang ◽  
Ju-Pi Li ◽  
Chi-Fung Cheng ◽  
Jian-Shiun Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Current Exposure

The progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is delayed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, long-term ART is associated with adverse effects. Osteoporosis is one of the adverse effects and is a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease associated with bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture. We performed a longitudinal, comprehensive, nested case-control study to explore the effect of ART on the risk of osteoporosis in 104 osteoporotic and 416 non-osteoporotic patients with HIV infection at their average age about 29 years old in Taiwan. Patients with history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs), or higher ART adherence were at a higher risk of osteoporosis (p &lt; 0.05). Patients receiving nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimen (zidovudine-lamivudine combination, lamivudine-abacavir combination, and abacavir alone) and protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen (lopinavir-ritonavir combination, ritonavir, and atazanavir) had a higher risk of osteoporosis (p &lt; 0.05). Especially, patients receiving high doses of the PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination had an increased risk of osteoporosis (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative DDDs, and higher ART adherence were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, NRTI- and PI-containing regimens and high doses of PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with HIV infection in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Combined and interaction effect of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and smoking on lung cancer: a case-control study in Southeast China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Weimin Xiong ◽  
Minglian Qiu ◽  
Shuling Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background This case-control study investigated the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the combined and interaction effect of Cpn infection, smoking, and various environmental factors. Methods The study comprised 449 lung cancer patients and 512 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants provided a 5 ml fasting peripheral venous blood sample for testing Cpn-specific IgG and IgA by using micro-immunofluorescence. Besides analyzing the associations between Cpn and lung cancer, combined effect analysis, logistic regression, and the Excel table made by Andersson were used to analyze the combined and interaction effects of Cpn and environmental factors on lung cancer. Results Compared to those with no evidence of serum Cpn IgA or Cpn IgG, those with both Cpn IgG+ and IgA+ had 2.00 times the risk (95% CI: 1.34–3.00) of developing lung cancer. Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.10–2.91) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.38–3.72), respectively. Those exposed to passive smoking with Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ also showed an increased risk of lung cancer; the adjusted OR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.20–2.77) or 1.87 (95% CI: 1.22–2.87), respectively. Similar results were also observed among alcohol drinkers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were not observed between Cpn infection and environmental factors. The combined effects of Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer on lung cancer were determined. Conclusion Cpn infection is potentially associated with primary lung cancer in the Chinese Han population and has combined effects with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer.

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