Per Achterbahn zum Sozialen Arbeitsmarkt. Zur Vorgeschichte des „Teilhabechancengesetzes“

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 797-824
Author(s):  
Matthias Knuth
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
New Instrument

Zusammenfassung Mit Beginn des Jahres 2019 wurde in Deutschland ein neues Instrument der arbeitsmarktpolitisch geförderten Beschäftigung für Langzeitarbeitslose eingeführt. Die „Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“ steht in der Tradition eines 2008 eingeleiteten Paradigmenwechsels: Statt die Förderung auf Arbeiten zu beschränken, die „zusätzlich“ und „wettbewerbsneutral“ sind und im „öffentlichen Interesse“ liegen, kann der Lohnkostenzuschuss von jedem Arbeitgeber und für jede Art von Tätigkeiten in Anspruch genommen werden. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel, von dem man sich bessere Chancen des Übergangs in ungeförderte Beschäftigung verspricht, war lange umstritten und wurde von Vielen nicht verstanden. Es ist deshalb erstaunlich, dass er durch die Irrungen und Wirrungen zweier Instrumentenreformen erhalten blieb. Der Beitrag folgt diesem Prozess und zeichnet die Entwicklung der Positionen verschiedener Akteure nach. Abstract: Roller Coasting Towards a “Socially Inclusive Labour Market”. On the Background of Recent Legislation for the “Creation of New Opportunities for Long-Term Unemployed People on the Labour Market in General and on the Socially Inclusive Labour Market” As of 2019, Germany introduced a new instrument of direct job creation for long-term unemployed people. Called “Social participation through labour market participation”, the new instrument preserves the tradition of a paradigm shift initiated in 2008: Instead of restricting direct job creation to activities that are “additional”, “in the public interest” and “neutral in terms of effect on competition”, the wage subsidy can be used by any employer for any kind of activity. This is expected to provide better chances of transition into unsubsidized employment. This paradigm shift has for long remained contested or not properly understood by many. It is therefore astonishing that it survived the trials and tribulations of two rounds of instrument reform. The article tracks this process and delineates how the standpoints of various actors evolved.

Long-term unemployed in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Ewa Flaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Unemployed

The COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly affected the increase in unemployment, including the change in the structure of long-term unemployment. Long-term unemployment increases with some delay after the recession. This article analyses the changes in the situation of long-term unemployed people in Poland before and during the COVID-2019 pandemic, presents actions taken at that time by employment and social services, and presents recommendations for the future, considering information collected from employees of poviat labour offices. In Poland, the reasons for the persistence of a relatively high level of long-term unemployment in general may include the following factors: registration in labour offices of people who, mainly for health reasons, are not ready to participate in processes of restoring the ability to work, a limited amount of funds allocated to activation of the unemployed activities and, finally, the lack of mechanisms rewarding the public employment services (PES) for bringing the long-term unemployed back to the labour market.

Sozialintegrative und beschäftigungsbegleitende Aktivitäten: Erfahrungen mit einer neuen Instrumentengruppe der Arbeitsförderung

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 947-972
Author(s):  
Martin Brussig ◽  
Sandra Kotlenga
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Soziale Teilhabe ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Employment Promotion

Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung hat sich als kritisches und scheiternsanfälliges Ereignis bei der Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen in Erwerbstätigkeit erwiesen. Aus diesem Grund gelten seit einiger Zeit zusätzliche unterstützende Aktivitäten als hilfreich, um die Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung überhaupt erst zu ermöglichen, sie vorzubereiten und die Beschäftigungsaufnahme zu stabilisieren. Inzwischen liegen Erfahrungen mit dieser Art von Unterstützung vor. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist, verschiedene Formen der beschäftigungsbegleitenden Aktivitäten zu beschreiben und Gründe für deren Inanspruchnahme bzw. Nicht-Inanspruchnahme zu benennen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Erfahrungen, die im Bundesprogramm „Soziale Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“ (2016 bis 2018) gesammelt wurden. Die Ergebnisse erlauben Schlussfolgerungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Arbeitsförderung. Abstract: Socio-Integrative and Employment-accompanying Activities: Experiences With A New Instrument Group Of Employment Promotion Taking up employment has proved to be a critical and failure-prone event in the integration of the long-term unemployed into gainful employment. For this reason, additional supporting activities have for some time been regarded as helpful in making it possible to take up employment, in preparing for it and stabilising the employment relationship. Experience with this type of support is now available. The aim of this paper is to describe various forms of employment-related activities and to give reasons for take-up or non-take-up of these opportunities by unemployed persons. The focus is on experiences gained in the Federal Programme “Social Participation in the Labour Market” (2016 to 2018). The results allow conclusions on the further development of employment promotion.

scholarly journals The National Energy Board's Participation Framework: Implementing Changes Resulting from the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act

10.29173/alr5 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Jody Saunders ◽  
Jessica Lim
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Projects

As a result of the enactment of the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act, the National Energy Board was required to change its processes relating to standing and level of participation. The Board developed and implemented a Participation Framework to provide clear and consistent guidance to the public on how the Board implemented the changes in the amending legislation. This article delineates the evolution of the Board’s approach to participation and discusses how the Board has responded to larger and increasingly complex projects as it carries out its mandate in the Canadian public interest.

The limitations of activation policies: unemployment at the end of working life

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA WUEBBEKE
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTIn several European countries, older unemployed people, after reaching a certain age, are entitled to unemployment benefit payments without having to seek new employment. The coexistence of this exemption clause and of reforms aimed at containing early retirement in the respective countries reflects a conflict of political aims – on the one hand, between an efficient labour-market policy at a time of high unemployment, and on the other hand, the goal of the comprehensive activation and labour-market integration of older workers as a response to demographic change. This paper deals with the reasons for the transfer of older long-term unemployed people on to ‘facilitated benefits’ for labour-market withdrawal in Germany. The empirical analysis shows that low or no propensity to work was rarely the motive for leaving the labour market; in particular, those anticipating a low retirement income actually wanted to be re-employed. The vast majority gave three reasons for the decision to retire: an inability to cope with requirements of available jobs; a lack of job opportunities; and an absence of proper support from the public employment agency. Thus the withdrawal of older long-term unemployed people into pre-retirement cannot be attributed to a utility-maximising decision in favour of leisure and against gainful employment, but is the primary result of the scarce re-employment prospects.

scholarly journals Sold out? The right-to-buy, gentrification and working-class displacements in London

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354-1369
Author(s):  
Adam Elliott Cooper ◽  
Phil Hubbard ◽  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Rate ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Compulsory Purchase ◽  
Housing Estates ◽  
Right To Buy

Since the 1990s, the renewal of council housing estates in London has involved widespread ‘decanting’ of resident populations to allow for demolition and redevelopment, primarily by private developers who sell the majority of new housing at market rate. This process of decanting has displaced long-term council tenants and shorter-term ‘temporary’ tenants, with many not able to return to the estate. In contrast, those leaseholders who bought under the ‘right-to-buy’ legislation introduced in the 1980s have a ‘right to remain’ by virtue of the property rights they have. Nonetheless, given the threat that their property will ultimately be subject to compulsory purchase because the redevelopment of the estate is in the ‘public interest’, these leaseholders experience similar displacement pressures to other residents. Describing these pressures, this article argues that the right-to-buy legislation offered these residents the illusion of entering a property-owning middle-class, but that they were never able to escape the labelling of council estates as stigmatised spaces which have ultimately been seized by the state and capital in a moment of ‘accumulation by dispossession’.

Social marginalization and chronic illness: A critical analysis of the role of labour-market exclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iben Nørup
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Unemployed

Since the 1990s, most European countries have implemented activation policies targeting the unemployed. During the past decade, the target group for activation policies expanded and currently also includes persons with limitations in their ability to work due to long-term or chronic illness and disabilities. The argument underlying these policies is that labour-market exclusion is the main cause for social marginalization because participation in paid work provides important social and psychological functions that cannot be found elsewhere. Based on an extensive set of quantitative data that combines register data and survey data, and using structural equation modelling, this paper analyses the relationship between chronic illness and social marginalization, and in particular which role labour-market exclusion plays in this relationship. Is labour-market exclusion a crucial factor in explaining why individuals with chronic illnesses face a higher risk of social marginalization if factors such as income and education are also taken into account? From the statistical results, the paper states that individuals with chronic illnesses face a far higher risk of social marginalization, but that this risk is caused by their health limitations and not by their lack of labour-market participation. Contrary to the policies’ logic and the theoretical argument of psycho-social theories originating from the deprivation perspective, no direct, indirect or mediating effects of labour-market exclusion on social marginalization were identified.

The Marcona Settlement: New Forms of Negotiation and Compensation for Nationalized Property

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Country ◽  
The Public ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

On September 22, 1976, the United States and the Government of Peru signed an agreement resolving the nationalization of the Marcona Mining Company’s Peruvian branch. The settlement, the intergovernmental negotiations leading up to it, and the expropriation itself are of more than passing interest. The settlement has been characterized by the U.S. Government as providing, when fully implemented, prompt, adequate, and effective compensation through a package—a combination of cash and long term sales relationship—which represents a relatively beneficial arrangement economically and politically for the Government of Peru. These arrangements were the more remarkable for having been concluded with a leading Third World country that has a long history of nationalization of foreign investment. In light of the frequency of expropriations of American-owned property abroad, and of the fact that in one or more ways such expropriations involve issues of the public interest as well as those of private U.S. companies, the Marcona settlement has implications for the handling of other investment disputes.

scholarly journals MEREKONSTRUKSI SISTEM HUKUM ADMINISTRASI MENUJU HUKUM YANG MELAYANI

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Sri Nur Hari Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Public

This research aims to reconstruct the legal system, especially state administrative law so that it can function as a law that can serve the public interest. Other objectives is to study conceptually harmonize laws and regulations relating to public service. The method used is a normative legal research, which explores the use of a conceptual approach. The results showed that the reconstruction of the administrative law which is oriented toward public service, it must first pay attention to the paradigm shift of the administration of the state itself. It is thus necessary to take measures to harmonize the legislation of sectoral public services based on the principles / legal principles that are generally acceptedPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi sistem hukum khususnya hokum administrasi negara sehingga dapat difungsikan sebagai hukum yang dapat melayani kepentingan publik. tujuan lainnya adalah melakukan kajian konsepsional mengharmonisasikan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative, yang membahas menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. (conceptual Approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rekonstruksi hukum administrasi negara yang memiliki orientasi terhadap pelayanan publik, maka harus terlebih dahulu memperhatikan perubahan paradigma terhadap administrasi negara itu sendiri. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah untuk  mengharmonisasikan peraturan perundang-undangan sektoral bidang pelayanan publik dengan berpedoman pada prinsip-prinsip/asas-asas hukum yang berlaku umum

Government Policies and Employers' Attitudes Towards Long-term Unemployed People in Northern Ireland

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURA SHEEHAN ◽  
MIKE TOMLINSON
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Fair Employment

The article discusses government policies towards unemployed people in the context of the development of ‘fair employment’ policy in Northern Ireland. It presents results from a survey of long-term unemployed people in West Belfast which challenge the direction and content of existing training and employment schemes, and their capacity to address inequalities in unemployment between Catholics and Protestants. The article argues that current supply side labour market policies are having limited impact in Northern Ireland and goes on to explore policies to influence labour demand. On the basis of interviews with employers, a number of policies are advocated, including giving priority to recruitment of long-term unemployed people in areas of high unemployment by means of making grant aid conditional.

Equal Rights and Equal Duties? Activating Labour Market Policy and the Participation of Long-term Unemployed People with Disabilities after the Reform of the German Welfare State

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA RAUCH ◽  
JOHANNA DORNETTE
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Social Code

AbstractThe recent German welfare state reform with the introduction of Social Code II has created a complex situation for the labour market integration of long-term unemployed people with disabilities. A range of social laws with differing underlying principles is now applicable. In this article, we examine the effects that the implementation of this social code has on long-term unemployed people with disabilities. We show that their integration patterns changed. This is due to the building of new institutions responsible for labour market integration, followed by a temporary destabilisation of work routines at the operational level. Additionally, more persistent consequences occur because the inconsistencies of the relevant laws are creating an area of conflict, which is increasing the risk of marginalising people with disabilities in terms of labour market integration.

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