Zeitgeschichte im Druck

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-222
Author(s):  
Pia Eckhart
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Rich

Summary Contemporary History in Print Augsburg Chronicle Editions of the 16th Century. A Reflection on the (In–)‌Stability of Printed Chronicles In late medieval and early modern cities, readers and writers were certainly interested in history and in chronicling contemporary events. Even after the establishment of the printing press in German speaking areas large amounts of local and regional chronicles were written and copied by hand. In contrast, very few non-scholarly, vernacular chronicles were published in print. This fact is usually explained by pointing out the functional differentiation between the handwritten and the printed medium: Chroniclers could easily change, enhance or update texts while copying and compiling as long as they worked in the medium of handwriting. While this is certainly true, printed chronicles deserve more attention. This article explores the connections between the rich tradition of urban chronicles, ongoing practices of chronicling as well as the printed medium and the new sources of information connected with the printed medium in the first half of the 16th century. These complex relations are examined through a group of four printed German chronicles published in Augsburg and subsequently in other cities in more than twenty editions. The paper focuses particularly on the processes of revision and adaptation taking place in Philip Ulhart’s printing shop in Augsburg. Furthermore, the article offers methodological reflections on how to study and compare multiple editions of printed books adequately. The aim is to show why it is necessary to focus not only on their content but also on layout, paratexts and codicological proprieties in order to reveal the textual (un–)‌fixity of printed chronicles.

Magic and the Occult in Martin Luther’s World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Modern Europe

In the 15th- and early-16th-century German-speaking lands, reports circulated of spirits shaking the walls of houses, comets presaging imminent doom, and dwarves warning miners to leave their tunnels. Widely accepted, such accounts point to a worldview in which the natural was believed to encompass a far broader swath of beings and activities than modern definitions of the term. Humans were enmeshed in a world where forces beyond human experience and, at times understanding, were active; they accepted their place in it and manipulated it, if necessary. When studying such attitudes and the practices surrounding them, scholars of late medieval and early modern religious movements must move beyond truisms about “magical” or “enchanted” worlds to understand the impulses driving both reformers and those they wished to reform. Certainly 15th- and 16th-century Germans accepted that the divine permeated all creation, as creation was a product of God, and they saw divine manifestations throughout their world. Based on this truism, scholars have debated the extent to which pre-modern Europe was an enchanted world for approximately a century. Yet the powers imbuing that world had a more complex relationship to divinity than the somewhat romantic connotations of “enchanted” found in various modern works. Magicians, witches, devils, and other entities were all created beings who could access powers beyond the normal ken but were certainly not divine, despite any claims they might make to the contrary. Because such powers were imbued into nature itself, they were accessible to ordinary humans as well. And access them humans did! They were invoked to protect a village, cure ill children, and ward off injuries to livestock. They could also be used for evil, and archival and print documents attest to the practice of maleficent or demonic magic by learned clergy and illiterate peasants alike. When Protestant reformers demanded recognition of God’s omnipotence, they implicitly condemned this applied, occult magic and, in the process, practices that reflected a complete cosmology, that is, an understanding of how this world and the heavens operated. In this circumstance, it is not surprising that even the early reformers themselves could seem reluctant to abandon this immanent occultism.

The Rhetoric of the Page

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Blank Space ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The Social ◽  
Google Books ◽  
The Rich

This book explores blank space in early modern printed books; it addresses physical blank space (from missing words to vacant pages) as well as the concept of the blank. It is a book about typographical marks, readerly response, and editorial treatment. It is a story of the journey from incunabula to Google books, told through the signifiers of blank space: empty brackets, dashes, the et cetera, the asterisk. It is about the semiotics of print and about the social anthropology of reading. The book explores blank space as an extension of Elizabethan rhetoric with readers learning to interpret the mise-en-page as part of a text’s persuasive tactics. It looks at blanks as creators of both anxiety and of opportunity, showing how readers respond to what is not there and how writers come to anticipate that response. Each chapter focuses on one typographical form of what is not there on the page: physical gaps (Chapter 1), the &c (Chapter 2) and the asterisk (Chapter 3). The Epilogue uncovers the rich metaphoric life of these textual phenomena and the ways in which Elizabethan printers experimented with typographical features as they considered how to turn plays into print.

«Quel nome pernicioso di nobile»: Uberto Foglietta e la nobiltà di Genova fra tyardo medioevo e prima età moderna

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Guido Castelnuovo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

The present contribution aims at discussing the many late medieval and early modern interpretations elaborated in urban and (post)communal Italy on nobility. It does so by attentively analysing the first book of the La Repubblica di Genova, written around 1550 by Uberto Foglietta, a Genoese patrician and a future historian of the city. Foglietta’s libello therefore is a good starting point to reinterpret the vexata quaestio of being noble both in 16th century Genoa, and in the broader context of Renaissance Italian urban culture.

scholarly journals Continuation or Evolution? Changes in Pottery Production and Vessel Types Used in Pomerelian (Gdańsk Pomerania) Towns in the Early-Modern Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Michał Starski
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Medieval Pottery

The article discusses changes in production and the of the pottery used in towns in Pomerelia in the early-modern period. These considerations are based on  advanced research on late-medieval pottery-making of the region and the relatively poorer state of knowledge about the continuity of transformations at the beginning of the early-modern period. The vantage point for this study is a characterisation of the source base, including both the artefactual  and written evidence. This enables the tracing of changes, and characteristic features of goods used, in the 16th century.

scholarly journals Das Pasquill im frühneuzeitlichen Deutschland. Ein Kommunikationsmedium zwischen Schmähung und Kritik

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Gerd Schwerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
German Speaking

Abstract The text deals with the genre ‘pasquill’ from the 16th to the 18th century in the German speaking world. Two strands of tradition can be ideally distinguished, which only gradually merge with each other. Originally, as in other regions of Europe, the Roman figure of the shoemaker Pasquino is adapted, who comments on actual politics or famous persons in mocking, more or less literary dialogues. This figure appears in printed works from the middle of the 16th century, mostly written by Protestants. At about the same time, the term ‘pasquill’ began to become synonymous with the mostly handwritten, anonymous libel, which is now increasingly criminalized by the authorities. The article characterises the early modern pasquill as a very special medium of communication, which served not only for personal defamation but also for objective criticism.

Matthew Parker and the Practice of Church History

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-153
Author(s):  
Madeline McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church History ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Complete Process

The Elizabethan archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker is best known for his efforts to collect medieval manuscripts, which had changed hands or been repurposed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and to construct from these sources a new history of the church in England. This essay looks at the complete process by which Parker and his circle collected, used, and printed books for their historical project. It argues that Parker’s work was not as pointedly confessional as it has typically been seen, in part because of the shifting sands of early modern religious discourse and in part because of how Parker engaged with the medieval sources he encountered. He learned from what he read—perhaps especially from late medieval historians. His practices in constructing church history reveal the extent to which he viewed himself in a continuous historiographical tradition, even as he sought to reform an ecclesiastical one.

scholarly journals On the “Pleonastic” Usage of Complement Markers in Early Modern Greek

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-231
Author(s):  
Eleni Karantzola ◽  
Konstantinos Sampanis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Syntactic Feature

A syntactic feature that characterizes Early Modern Greek is the “pleonastic” usage of the complement conjunction óti or pos with the mood (“subjunctive”) particle na, as well as the co-presence of the complementisers óti and pos. These co-occurrences are ungrammatical in Modern Greek, while in vernacular Late Medieval and Early Modern Greek texts they are sufficiently attested. In this paper we record a large number of instantiations of the {óti / pos} + na / óti + pos structures in order to trace the conditions of their occurrence; the examples come from extended prose texts of the 16th century as Kartanos’ “Palaia te kai nea Diathiki” (Kakoulidi-Panou 2000) or Morezinos’ “Klini Solomontos” (Kakoulidi-Panou et al. 2007), as well as an anthology of demotic prose texts of 16th century edited by Kakoulidi-Panou, Karantzola & Tiktopoulou (in press).

scholarly journals Conflict, Coexistence and Cooperation in Venetian Zadar (16th century)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Karl Sander-Faes
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many

This study investigates encounters in the early modern Adriatic, in particular focusing on the Venetian possessions. The predominantly Catholic Dalmatian cities were incorporated into the Venetian maritime state around the turn of the fifteenth century and were home to small but bustling communities of merchants, companies of sailors, and soldiers. During the sixteenth century, Dalmatia was both the frontline of Catholicism and a valuable turnover hub for goods, ideas, and people. As the Ottomans continued their advance, life within the crammed fortifications, threatened by bandits, disease, and pirates was tenuous at times. Despite these conditions, cooperation across the many fault lines dividing early modern Europe never ceased. The study uses a microhistorical approach to source material from the rich Croatian State Archive in Zadar and presents selected examples of cooperation, the bending of norms, and everyday life.

scholarly journals Alchemy and the Transgendering of Mercury

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
M. E. Warlick
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Early Modern Science ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Printed Books

Within late medieval alchemical texts, Latin authors adopted both classical and Arabic concepts of physical matter. They assumed that metals were composed of two polarized substances – hot, dry and masculine Philosophic Sulphur, and cool, wet and feminine Philosophic Mercury – whose ‘Chemical Wedding’ within the laboratory produced the Philosophers’ Stone. As visual illustrations developed in alchemical manuscripts and early printed books from the late fourteenth century onward, artists represented these substances with a variety of male and female characters, with Philosophic Mercury almost always depicted as a woman. At the same time, the planet Mercury, which oversaw the ripening of the metal Quicksilver within the earth, also played an important role within alchemical illustrations. This paper will examine how artists navigated this confusion by examining gendered images of the philosophical concept Mercury, the metal Mercury, and the planet Mercury, in light of shifting attitudes towards women in early modern science.

scholarly journals Early cyrillic printed books and the migration of decorative forms between the Adriatic and the Danube around 1500

Zograf ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Vladimir Simic
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Mediterranean

The article focuses on the artistic transfer of the early printed books from the Cetinje printing shop, between the Mediterranean and the Danube region in the late medieval and early modern period. The master-printer Makarije made these books under the influence of the Italian, German and Slavonic printers operating in Venice. He later traveled throughout Southeastern Europe, spreading their influence to the Wallachian principality. The paper analyzes and compares the decorative elements in these books in order to understand their origin. The migration and the reception of the artistic elements of Makarije?s incunabula allow us to discover artistic dissemination routes.

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