«Quel nome pernicioso di nobile»: Uberto Foglietta e la nobiltà di Genova fra tyardo medioevo e prima età moderna

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Guido Castelnuovo

The present contribution aims at discussing the many late medieval and early modern interpretations elaborated in urban and (post)communal Italy on nobility. It does so by attentively analysing the first book of the La Repubblica di Genova, written around 1550 by Uberto Foglietta, a Genoese patrician and a future historian of the city. Foglietta’s libello therefore is a good starting point to reinterpret the vexata quaestio of being noble both in 16th century Genoa, and in the broader context of Renaissance Italian urban culture.

Author(s):  
Nick Mayhew

In the mid-19th century, three 16th-century Russian sources were published that alluded to Moscow as the “third Rome.” When 19th-century Russian historians discovered these texts, many interpreted them as evidence of an ancient imperial ideology of endless expansion, an ideology that would go on to define Russian foreign policy from the 16th century to the modern day. But what did these 16th-century depictions of Moscow as the third Rome actually have in mind? Did their meaning remain stable or did it change over the course of the early modern period? And how significant were they to early modern Russian imperial ideology more broadly? Scholars have pointed out that one cannot assume that depictions of Moscow as the third Rome were necessarily meant to be imperial celebrations per se. After all, the Muscovites considered that the first Rome fell for various heretical beliefs, in particular that Christ did not possess a human soul, and the second Rome, Constantinople, fell to the Turks in 1453 precisely because it had accepted some of these heretical “Latin” doctrines. As such, the image of Moscow as the third Rome might have marked a celebration of the city as a new imperial center, but it could also allude to Moscow’s duty to protect the “true” Orthodox faith after the fall—actual and theological—of Rome and Constantinople. As time progressed, however, the nuances of religious polemic once captured by the trope were lost. During the 17th and early 18th centuries, the image of Moscow as the third Rome took on a more unequivocally imperialist tone. Nonetheless, it would be easy to overstate the significance of allusions to Moscow as the third Rome to early modern Russian imperial ideology more broadly. Not only was the trope rare and by no means the only imperial comparison to be found in Muscovite literature, it was also ignored by secular authorities and banned by clerics.


Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Liviu Cîmpeanu

By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city.


2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shepard ◽  
Tim Stretton

AbstractThis introduction places the articles featured in this special issue of the Journal of British Studies within the context of recent scholarship on late medieval and early modern women and the law. It is designed to highlight the many boundaries that structured women's legal agency in Britain, including the procedural boundaries that filtered their voices through male advisers and officials, the jurisdictional boundaries that shaped litigation strategies, the constraints surrounding women's appearance as witnesses in court, the gendered differentiation of rights determined by primogeniture and marital property law, and the boundaries between legal and extralegal activity. Emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach, it rejects the construction of women's litigation simply as a form of resistance to patriarchal norms and also urges caution against overestimating or oversimplifying the choices available to women in legal disputes or their latitude to operate as autonomous individuals. Gender intersected in British courts with locality, resources, jurisdiction, social status, and familial, religious, and political affiliations to inform different women's access to justice, which involved negotiations between unequal actors within various constraints and in complex alignment with multiple and often competing interests.


2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Fisher

In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the city government of Augsburg, Germany, struggled to maintain religious peace as the confessional boundaries between its Catholic and Protestant communities hardened. As tensions gradually rose, city officials feared and scrutinized the disruptive potential of the psalms and chorales sung by Augsburg's Protestant majority. Those suspected of owning, singing, or distributing inflammatory songs were subject to imprisonment, interrogation, torture, and exile. When an Imperial decree established a fully Catholic city government in March 1629, the authorities tightened this scrutiny, banning Protestant singing entirely in public and private and using a network of informants to catch violators. A remarkably well-preserved collection of criminal interrogation records in Augsburg dramatizes city officials' concern about religious song and their attempts to restrict its cultivation through coercive measures. These records, which preserve the testimony of suspects and witnesses as well as original evidence (such as manuscript or printed songs), show the ways in which local authorities tried to control singing that they felt threatened the public peace. At the same time, these sources give us unparalleled insight into the production, performance, and circulation of religious songs. Although the interrogations reveal much about how and where songs——often contrafacta of well-known psalms or chorales——were written and performed, the authorities were especially intent on finding out how they originated, who bought, sold, and sang them, and why. These exchanges between interrogators and suspects provide a starting point for an analysis of the relationship between singing, religion, and criminality in an early modern urban environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-129
Author(s):  
Sirkku Inkeri Ruokkeinen ◽  
Aino Liira

This article examines the relationship of material text (text of the document) and paratext in light of fourteenth to sixteenth century evidence. Despite the wealth of interest generated by paratexts and paratextuality in recent years, especially in the fields of literary studies, book history, and translation studies, theoretical approaches to paratexts and paratextuality remain scarce. The paratextual status of an element is typically determined by its function, in combination with its distance from the material text: elements within the codex which do not share space with the text are part of the paratext. Less studied, however, is the gray area of elements which are located within the codex and share the space with the text. We examine this border between text and paratext through an analysis of late medieval and early modern initials, typeface, script and notes. While the form and function of the element are a good starting point, we propose that gauging the optionality of the element, in relation to the abstract text of the work and the material text of the document, is a better indicator of its paratextual status. Optionality should therefore be taken into consideration as evidence of a type of contemporary paratextual understanding.


ΠΗΓΗ/FONS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Francesca Iurlaro

Riassunto: Il presente contributo cercherà di gettare luce sulla ricezione della Repubblica di Platone (e, insieme, della Poetica di Aristotele) nel dibattito sulla poesia che in Età moderna vide protagonisti, fra gli altri, due importanti giuristi: i fratelli Alberico (1552-1608) e Scipione Gentili (1563-1616). Come giustificano questi autori l’affinità fra poesia e diritto? A quali auctoritates del passato fanno riferimento? Si mostrerà, in primo luogo, in che modo concepiscano tale rapporto; poi, attraverso quali fonti del dibattito cinquecentesco sulla poesia ne articolino gli estremi concettuali e, infine, come la lezione della Repubblica platonica possa chiarire la natura di tale dibattito, generalmente definito di matrice aristotelica piuttosto che platonica. Si vedrà come il rapporto fra poesia e diritto sia articolato, da un lato, attraverso una qualificazione dell’atto poético come analogo al procedimento retorico, proprio in aperta polemica con Platone; e dall’altro, come il rifiuto omerico espresso da Platone nella Repubblica apra una breccia ai due fratelli Gentili per affermare il primato di un altro poeta: Virgilio. Si concluderà suggerendo che l’analogia fra giustizia e poesia presente nella Repubblica costituisca una possibile chiave interpretativa del rapporto fra diritto e poesia, poiché è la presenza (non dichiarata) di un criterio platonico di giustizia a conferire validità normativa all’exemplum poetico.Parole chiave: poesia, ius gentium, retorica, Repubblica di Platone, Alberico Gentili, Scipione GentiliAbstract: The present contribution will shed light on the reception of Plato’s Republic (as well as of Aristotle’s Poetics) within the context of the early modern debate concerning poetry and poetic theory. Among the protagonists of this vivid debate, the two brothers and jurists Alberico (1552-1608) and Scipio Gentili (1563-1616) played a significant role in vindicating the existence of a strong relationship between law and poetry. In order to address this question, it has first to be assessed to which auctoritates of the past they relied upon to justify this relationship (and how they conceive of it); secondly, this article will read this phenomenon within the context of the 16th century debate concerning poetic theory. In this respect, Plato’s Republic plays a fundamental role in clarifying the conceptual stakes of such debate. In this perspective, I will argue that the relationship between law and poetry is addressed by both the Gentili brothers in terms of an analogy between poetry and rhetoric, and between rhetoric and law (in an anti-Platonic vein); on the other hand, the Gentilis seem to support Plato’s rejection of Homeric poetry in order to assess the primacy of another poet: Virgil. To conclude with, I will suggest that the parallel between poetry and justice (drawn by Plato in his Republic) might provide a possible interpretation of the relationship between law and poetry in the thoughts of Alberico and Scipio Gentili, where an implicit platonic criterion of justice seems to validate the legitimacy of the poetic exemplum.Keywords: poetry, ius gentium, rhetoric, Plato's Republic, Alberico Gentili, Scipio Gentili


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-222
Author(s):  
Pia Eckhart

Summary Contemporary History in Print Augsburg Chronicle Editions of the 16th Century. A Reflection on the (In–)‌Stability of Printed Chronicles In late medieval and early modern cities, readers and writers were certainly interested in history and in chronicling contemporary events. Even after the establishment of the printing press in German speaking areas large amounts of local and regional chronicles were written and copied by hand. In contrast, very few non-scholarly, vernacular chronicles were published in print. This fact is usually explained by pointing out the functional differentiation between the handwritten and the printed medium: Chroniclers could easily change, enhance or update texts while copying and compiling as long as they worked in the medium of handwriting. While this is certainly true, printed chronicles deserve more attention. This article explores the connections between the rich tradition of urban chronicles, ongoing practices of chronicling as well as the printed medium and the new sources of information connected with the printed medium in the first half of the 16th century. These complex relations are examined through a group of four printed German chronicles published in Augsburg and subsequently in other cities in more than twenty editions. The paper focuses particularly on the processes of revision and adaptation taking place in Philip Ulhart’s printing shop in Augsburg. Furthermore, the article offers methodological reflections on how to study and compare multiple editions of printed books adequately. The aim is to show why it is necessary to focus not only on their content but also on layout, paratexts and codicological proprieties in order to reveal the textual (un–)‌fixity of printed chronicles.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 1138-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ping Liu

With the rapid economic development, public facilities demanding to the city public service facilities is increasing. Distinctive expression of urban culture, reflecting the urban characteristics, improving recognition and vividness of the city, is particularly important for the promotion of tourism, stimulating urban economy.City tourism public facilities can express distinctive urban culture, reflect the urban characteristics, and thus the study of urban tourism service facilities and improving the urban tourism public facilities system, for improving the urban development is extremely important.Based on this, this paper presents city tourism public facilities system’s design and implementation under the horizon of environment behavior,designed to background urban construction and development-based, people - behavior - environment as a starting point to guide behavior through environmental science, improve urban tourism research system of public facilities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Charlotte Berry

Abstract Immigration was essential to trades reliant on fashion and high skill in London around the turn of the sixteenth century. This article explores the patterns of migration to the city by continental goldsmiths between 1480 and 1540 and the structure of the communities they formed. It argues that attitudes to migration within the London Goldsmiths’ Company, which governed the trade, were complex and shifted in response to evolving national legislation. A social network analysis of the relationships between alien masters and servants indicates how the alien community changed and adapted. Taking a view across the traditional late medieval and early modern period boundary allows for a deeper understanding of how attitudes to migration and to migrant communities changed as London's population began to grow.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document