MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY-STAGE CHRONIC BRAIN ISCHEMIA USING TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

The aim of our study was to study leukocyte apoptosis and to establish its relationship with changes of cognitive function in patients with chronic brain ischemia (CBI) and hydrocephalus (HC). A comprehensive examination of 110 patients with CBI and HC was performed. Indicators of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular oxidative stress were studied by cytofluorimetric method. Significantly higher indicators of ANV+-, PI+-, APK+- and Mito+-cells in the presence of HC. In the group of men, the inverse correlation between the content of AnV+-cells and the result of the MoCA-test — r = –0.42; p = 0.006, in women — r = –0.51; p = 0.005. A significant relationship was found between the content of APK+- and ANV+- cells (r = 0.67, p = 0.003) and between the number of APK+- and PI+-cells (r = 0.73, p = 0.002) in patients aged 60—74. In patients with dementia progression, a moderate relationship was found between the level of cognitive functioning and the proportion of cells in the early stage (ANV+-cells) (r = –0.50; p = 0.026) and late (PI+-cells) (r = –0.30; p = 0.041) apoptosis. In the group of patients with mild and moderate cognitive deficits, correlations between the MoCA scale result and the content of ANV+-cells were recorded at the level of moderate — (r = –0.37; p = 0.040) and PI+-cells at the level of weak (r = –0.24; p = 0.049). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of leukocytes in the stage of apoptosis and necrosis and leukocytes with increased content of intracellular APK and with reduced mitochondrial potential compared to patients without HC was found in patients with CBI with HC. There is a significant difference between the values of indicators in middle-aged and elderly patients and indicators of patients older 74 years. The progression of neurological and cognitive deficits was accompanied by an increase of the production of ANV+-, APK+- and Mito+-cells. The highest proportion of ANV+- and PI+-cells was detected in the presence of a combination of dementia, extrapyramidal syndrome and gait apraxia in patients with CBI with HC.

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Correlates between nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion weighted imaging and CA1 morphometry following chronic brain ischemia

Journal of Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1002/jnr.490410211 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 238-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. C. de la Torre ◽

K. Butler ◽

P. Kozlowski ◽

T. Fortin ◽

J. K. Saunders

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Brain Ischemia ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

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Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000238 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvia Convento ◽

Cristina Russo ◽

Luca Zigiotto ◽

Nadia Bolognini

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Spatial Neglect ◽

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Neuropsychological Disorders ◽

Current State ◽

Stimulation Technique

Abstract. Cognitive rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation, which aims at the treatment of cognitive disorders due to acquired brain damage of different etiology, including stroke. Although the importance of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors is well recognized, available cognitive treatments for neuropsychological disorders, such as spatial neglect, hemianopia, apraxia, and working memory, are overall still unsatisfactory. The growing body of evidence supporting the potential of the transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as tool for interacting with neuroplasticity in the human brain, in turn for enhancing perceptual and cognitive functions, has obvious implications for the translation of this noninvasive brain stimulation technique into clinical settings, in particular for the development of tES as adjuvant tool for cognitive rehabilitation. The present review aims at presenting the current state of art concerning the use of tES for the improvement of post-stroke visual and cognitive deficits (except for aphasia and memory disorders), showing the therapeutic promises of this technique and offering some suggestions for the design of future clinical trials. Although this line of research is still in infancy, as compared to the progresses made in the last years in other neurorehabilitation domains, current findings appear very encouraging, supporting the development of tES for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairments.

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