scholarly journals Production of Genetically Engineered Golden Syrian Hamsters by Pronuclear Injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 Complex

10.3791/56263 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Jinxin Miao ◽  
Zhiqiang Fan ◽  
SeokHwan Song ◽  
Il-keun Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Pronuclear Injection

VIRAL AND NONVIRAL VECTORS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Animal Biotechnology ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Pronuclear Injection ◽  
The Future

Genetically engineered (GE) livestock have existed since the mid-1980s, and, since then, a range of methods for delivery of the transgene have been developed, each with advantages and limitations. In regards to the wealth of possible methods for the production of GE animals, two general approaches have emerged. Historically first, the direct manipulation of the zygote (including manipulation of germ cells) now comes in many flavours, from direct pronuclear injection of double-stranded DNA constructs to the use of vectors to deliver the transgene. The second approach utilises an in vitro stage where cells are engineered in culture before being introduced in some way to the developing embryo. The former suffers from lack of control of transgene integration, which can expose the transgene to position effects. The latter can be exploited through homologous recombination to engineer specific genetic loci; with somatic cell cloning being the most widely used method. Both approaches can now be combined with the exciting new editor technologies to enable precise genome editing which in some cases does not involve the incorporation of a transgene. For methods involving the zygote, the use of specific vectors can be of advantage, and the same can be true for the manipulation of cells; however, many delivery strategies are possible for this process. Overall, the drivers for delivery method development have revolved around efficiency and specificity. With regard to viral vectors, and possibly nonviral nanoparticle formulations in the future, spectacular increases in transgenesis rates can be achieved. With the most widely used vector, based on a lentivirus genome, in some cases all animals born from injected zygotes can be transgenic. In livestock, where gestation and breeding times are long, this dramatically reduces the time to proof-of-concept for a given project. In addition, these founder animals will carry different transgene copy-numbers, which is associated with different levels of transgene expression. This strategy can be exploited to quickly produce a large cohort of animals that enable modelling of the range of phenotype observed in a population for a given disease. In addition to the delivery of a transgene, such vectors can also be beneficial for the delivery of reagents that facilitate genome engineering, the most exciting of which are the genome editors. In this situation, either the editor and/or any DNA sequence to be incorporated can be efficiently delivered if not essential for broad uptake of this approach. It is likely that nonintegrating vectors will be desirable. In summary, viral vectors have a broad utility in facilitating the production of GE animals. In the future, nonviral nanoparticles may offer similar opportunities. Given the breadth of methodologies available and with the anticipated use of GE livestock in both agricultural and biomedical applications gaining momentum, we are entering an era of unparalleled opportunity in this area of animal biotechnology.

Reproductive health issues in patients with psoriasis (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
L. S. Kruglova ◽  
A. A. Osina ◽  
A. A. Khotko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Certolizumab Pegol ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Among patients with psoriasis, approximately 50% are women and almost 75 % of them are under the age of 40 years. Thus, most women with psoriasis have childbearing potential. When pregnancy occurs in 22 % of patients, the activity of psoriasis persists, characteristic of the course before pregnancy, in 23 % of women, the course of the disease worsens. The article provides up-to-date data on the management of pregnant patients with psoriasis. To improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with psoriasis, it is important to prevent exacerbation of the disease. The choice of drug therapy in this case is based on an assessment of the ratio of the risk of undesirable effects of the drugs on the developing fetus and the risk of the development of exacerbation of psoriasis, which can cause an adverse pregnancy outcome. Despite the fact that the available clinical experience of using genetically engineered drugs is still limited, with a certain degree of confidence we can say that there is no increase in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with therapy with certolizumab pegol.

Postnatal growth rate and gonadal development in circadian tau mutant hamsters reared in constant dim red light

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lucas ◽  
JA Stirland ◽  
YN Mohammad ◽  
AS Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Body Weights

The role of the circadian clock in the reproductive development of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus was examined in wild type and circadian tau mutant hamsters reared from birth to 26 weeks of age under constant dim red light. Testis diameter and body weights were determined at weekly intervals in male hamsters from 4 weeks of age. In both genotypes, testicular development, subsequent regression and recrudescence exhibited a similar time course. The age at which animals displayed reproductive photosensitivity, as exhibited by testicular regression, was unrelated to circadian genotype (mean +/- SEM: 54 +/- 3 days for wild type and 59 +/- 5 days for tau mutants). In contrast, our studies revealed a significant impact of the mutation on somatic growth, such that tau mutants weighed 18% less than wild types at the end of the experiment. Our study reveals that the juvenile onset of reproductive photoperiodism in Syrian hamsters is not timed by the circadian system.

Quantum Dot Bioconjugates as Energy Donors in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assays

2003 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Clapp ◽  
Igor L. Medintz ◽  
J. Matthew Mauro ◽  
Hedi Mattoussi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Donor Acceptor

AbstractLuminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dot (QD) bioconjugates were used as energy donors in fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) binding assays. The QDs were coated with saturating amounts of genetically engineered maltose binding protein (MBP) using a noncovalent immobilization process, and Cy3 organic dyes covalently attached at a specific sequence to MBP were used as energy acceptor molecules. Energy transfer efficiency was measured as a function of the MBP-Cy3/QD molar ratio for two different donor fluorescence emissions (different QD core sizes). Apparent donor-acceptor distances were determined from these FRET studies, and the measured distances are consistent with QD-protein conjugate dimensions previously determined from structural studies.

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