Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures

10.3791/61429 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Rojas-Anaya ◽  
Daniela Anaya-Razo ◽  
Isabel Bárcenas-Reyes ◽  
Elizabeth Loza-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Bovine Brain

scholarly journals Potential Early Rabies Infection Detected in Two Raccoon Cases by LN34 pan-lyssavirus real-time RT-PCR Assay in Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Dettinger ◽  
Crystal M. Gigante ◽  
Maria Strohecker ◽  
Melanie Seiders ◽  
Puja Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Rna Levels

AbstractDuring 2017 – 2019, the Pennsylvania Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories (PABOL) tested 6,855 animal samples for rabies using both the gold standard direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and LN34 pan-lyssavirus reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Two samples (0.03 %) were identified as LN34 RT-qPCR positive after failure to detect rabies virus antigen during initial DFA testing: an adult raccoon collected in 2017 and a juvenile raccoon collected in 2019. After the positive PCR result, additional tissues were collected and re-tested by DFA, where very sparse, disperse antigen was observed. Tissues from both animals were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for confirmatory testing, and were confirmed positive. At both PABOL and CDC, rabies virus antigen and RNA levels were much lower than for a typical rabies case. In addition, rabies virus antigen and RNA levels were higher in brain stem and rostral spinal cord than cerebellum, hippocampus and cortex. Cross-contamination was ruled out in the case of the 2019 juvenile raccoon by sequencing, as nucleoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequences displayed >1% nucleotide differences to sequences from all positive samples processed at PABOL within two weeks of the juvenile raccoon. Taken together, the low level of rabies virus in the central nervous system combined with presence in more caudal brain structures suggest the possibility of an early infection in both cases. These two cases highlight the increased sensitivity and ease of interpretation of LN34 RT-qPCR in rabies diagnostics for the identification of low positive cases.

The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Werner J. Niklowitz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

The role of serotoninergic brain structures in neurotensin influence mechanism on defensive behavior in rats

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Shugalev ◽  
A. V. Stavrovskaja ◽  
S. Olshanskij ◽  
G. Hartmann ◽  
L. Lenard
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Influence Mechanism

Leptin-substitution in patients with congenital lipodystrophy increases connectivity in reward-related brain structures: an fMRI study

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Schlögl ◽  
K Müller ◽  
A Horstmann ◽  
B Pleger ◽  
K Miehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures ◽  
Fmri Study

The Strong Positive Correlation between Factor VII Clotting Activity Using Bovine Thromboplastin and the Activated Factor VII Level

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuomi Kario ◽  
Takefumi Matsuo ◽  
Reiko Asada ◽  
Toshiyuki Sakata ◽  
Hisao Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activated Factor Vii

SummaryWe compared factor VII clotting activity (FVIIc) assays using different thromboplastins to determine which is the most sensitive for activated FVII (FVIIa) or for FVII antigen (FVIIag). FVIIc levels were measured using thromboplastins derived from bovine brain (FVIIc Bov), human placenta (FVIIc Hum), and rabbit brain (FVIIc Rab). FVIIa levels were measured by fluorogenic assays using human soluble tissue factor (rsTF) or bovine rsTF. We also measured FVII activity by an amidolytic assay (FVIIc:am Hum) using human thromboplastin and a chromogenic substrate for thrombin. FVIIag levels were determined by ELISA. In the FVIIa assay, the reaction time obtained from using bovine rsTF was shorter than that with human rsTF, suggesting that the interaction of plasma FVIIa with bovine rsTF was stronger than with human rsTF. The plasma FVIIa levels measured using human rsTF and bovine rsTF were almost the same (r=0.947, p<0.0001). Among the three FVIIc assays, FVIIc Bov had the strongest positive correlation with the plasma FVIIa level (r=0.886, p<0.000l), but had no correlation with FVIIag. An increase of 1 ng/ml in the plasma FVIIa level yielded a 27.9% increase of FVIIc Bov. Plasma FVIIc Hum and FVIIc:am Hum showed moderate correlations with both FVIIa (r=0.520, p<0.02 and r=0.569, p<0.01, respectively) and FVIIag (r=0.438, p<0.05 and r=0.468, p<0.05, respectively). FVIIc Rab had the lowest correlation with FVIIa (r=0.367, p<0.1), but had a moderate correlation with FVIIag (r=0.436, p<0.05). After in vitro cold activation, FVIIc Bov levels increased the most and FVIIc:am levels showed the least change. These findings indicate that consideration of the thromboplastin used for assay is necessary when assessing the clinical significance of FVII activity as a cardiovascular risk factor.

THE LESS-POLAR METABOLITES PRODUCED BY INCUBATION OF TESTOSTERONE-4-14C WITH RAT AND BOVINE BRAIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Sholiton ◽  
Emile E. Werk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
End Products ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Constant Specific Activity

ABSTRACT Rat and bovine brain have been incubated with testosterone-4-14C under standard conditions. With use of paper chromatography, the extracted metabolites were noted to fall into less-polar, iso-polar, and more polar fractions. The components of the less-polar fraction were separated by acetylation and thin-layer chromatography and the major end-products identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity or constant 3H/14C ratios. Androst-4-enedione and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were formed consistently under the conditions utilized. Trace amounts of other less-polar metabolites were noted occasionally.

ORGANIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BRAIN STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH PURPOSEFUL BEHAVIOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
M.V. Kireev ◽  
◽  
A.D. Korotkov ◽  
S.V. Medvedev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Purposeful Behavior

Rabies virus infection in a 21-year-old male presenting with ascending paralysis after a bat scratch

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Shay-Anne Daniels ◽  
Elizabeth M King ◽  
Christopher J Olivier ◽  
John PD Harding ◽  
Christine Fehlner-Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Rabies Virus Infection
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document