A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model

3H-galactose (gal) and 3H-glucose (glu) were compared to determine which compound was preferable for pulse labeling newly formed hepatic glycogen. Control fed rats were used to achieve substantial and consistent levels of hepatic glycogen and to stimulate glycogen synthesis.Rats fed once daily for 4 hr achieved hepatic glycogen levels > 3% wet weight liver prior to injection by tail vein of a tracer dose of 3H-gal or 3H-glu. The rats were sacrificed 15-120 min later and liver was prepared by routine techniques for light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) radioautography (RAG) and biochemical analysis.

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Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Sesamin on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:211-216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Hui Chen ◽

Longhuan Zeng ◽

Guangwei Jiang ◽

Qian Liu

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Basis ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Cecal Ligation ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Common Denominator ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Sepsis Model ◽

Rational Plan

Sepsis is the syndrome of systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Over 20 million people worldwide suffer from sepsis each year, of whom about 6 million die, with a case-fatality rate of more than 25%. Therefore, to develop a rational plan for the management of sepsis, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. Sesamin is a kind of sesame lignin isolated from sesame that exhibits multiple biological functions including antiviral, antidyslipidemic, and antihypertensive to name a few. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sesamin appears to be a common denominator in all of its biologic activities. However, the mechanism of sesamin on septic-induced acute pulmonary inflammation still needs further study. Herein, we have established a sepsis model of C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and perforation. Using this model, we have shown that sesamin could reduce the levels of several inflammatory factors as well as oxidative stress response. Furthermore, sesamin could repress NLRP3 inflammasome and activate Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and further inhibit acute pulmonary inflammation. This study reveals the mechanism of the diminution of septic-induced acute pulmonary inflammation by sesamin. This opens a theoretical basis for the development of drugs for treatment of sepsis.

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Wnt/β-Catenin Antagonist Pyrvinium Exerts Cardioprotective Effects in Polymicrobial Sepsis Model by Attenuating Calcium Dyshomeostasis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Cardiovascular Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s12012-021-09643-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pallavi Sen ◽

Kirti Gupta ◽

Abha Kumari ◽

Gaaminepreet Singh ◽

Sneha Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽

Sepsis Model ◽

Cardioprotective Effects

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Visualization of three-dimensional microcirculation of rodents’ retina and choroid for studies of critical illness using optical coherence tomography angiography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93631-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jang Ryul Park ◽

ByungKun Lee ◽

Min Ji Lee ◽

Kyuseok Kim ◽

Wang-Yuhl Oh

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Severe Sepsis ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Hemorrhagic Shock ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Flow Index ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Sepsis Model ◽

Lactate Levels

AbstractWe developed a method to measure the relative blood flow speed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in retina and choroid, and investigated the feasibility of this method for assessing microcirculatory function in rat models of sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. Two sepsis models, 6-h severe sepsis without treatment and 30-h moderate sepsis maintaining mean arterial pressure, and volume controlled hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation model were used to see the change of microcirculation. The blood flow index (BFI), which was calculated from the OCTA images to represent the average relative blood flow, was decreasing during the 6-h severe sepsis model. Its change is in parallel with the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and blood lactate levels. In the 30-h moderate sepsis model, the BFI was decreased while maintaining MAP, and lactate was increased. In the hemorrhagic shock model, the change of BFI is in line with MAP and lactate levels. In all models, BFI change is more sensitive in choroid than in retina. This study presents the OCTA-based retinal and choroidal microcirculatory blood flow monitoring method and shows its utility for assessment of critical illness.

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Efficacy of Lysophosphatidylcholine as Direct Treatment in Combination with Colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii in Murine Severe Infections Models

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Andrea Miró-Canturri ◽

Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba ◽

Manuel Enrique Jiménez-Mejías ◽

Jerónimo Pachón ◽

Younes Smani

Keyword(s):

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Monotherapy Group ◽

Bacterial Concentration ◽

Sepsis Model ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Stimulation Of

The stimulation of the immune response to prevent the progression of an infection may be an adjuvant to antimicrobial treatment. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) treatment in combination with colistin in murine experimental models of severe infections by Acinetobacter baumannii. We used the A. baumannii Ab9 strain, susceptible to colistin and most of the antibiotics used in clinical settings, and the A. baumannii Ab186 strain, susceptible to colistin but presenting a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pattern. The therapeutic efficacies of one and two LPC doses (25 mg/kg/d) and colistin (20 mg/kg/8 h), alone or in combination, were assessed against Ab9 and Ab186 in murine peritoneal sepsis and pneumonia models. One and two LPC doses combined with colistin and colistin monotherapy enhanced Ab9 and Ab186 clearance from spleen, lungs and blood and reduced mice mortality compared with those of the non-treated mice group in both experimental models. Moreover, one and two LPC doses reduced the bacterial concentration in tissues and blood in both models and increased mice survival in the peritoneal sepsis model for both strains compared with those of the colistin monotherapy group. LPC used as an adjuvant of colistin treatment may be helpful to reduce the severity and the resolution of the MDR A. baumannii infection.

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Cell wall N-glycan of Candida albicans ameliorates early hyper- and late hypo-immunoreactivity in sepsis

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01870-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masataka Kawakita ◽

Taiki Oyama ◽

Ikuma Shirai ◽

Shuto Tanaka ◽

Kotaro Akaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Inflammation ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Immune Exhaustion ◽

Sepsis Model ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Immune Paralysis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Immunosuppressive Cytokine ◽

Ifn Γ

AbstractSevere infection often causes a septic cytokine storm followed by immune exhaustion/paralysis. Not surprisingly, many pathogens are equipped with various anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Such mechanisms might be leveraged clinically to control septic cytokine storms. Here we show that N-glycan from pathogenic C. albicans ameliorates mouse sepsis through immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. In a sepsis model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), injection of the N-glycan upregulated serum IL-10, and suppressed pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The N-glycan also improved the survival of mice challenged by LPS. Analyses of structurally defined N-glycans from several yeast strains revealed that the mannose core is key to the upregulation of IL-10. Knocking out the C-type lectin Dectin-2 abrogated the N-glycan-mediated IL-10 augmentation. Furthermore, C. albicans N-glycan ameliorated immune exhaustion/immune paralysis after acute inflammation. Our results suggest a strategy where the immunosuppressive mechanism of one pathogen can be applied to attenuate a severe inflammation/cytokine storm caused by another pathogen.

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Characterization and Molecular Epidemiology of a Fungal Infection of Edible Crabs (Cancer pagurus) and Interaction of the Fungus with the Dinoflagellate Parasite Hematodinium

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02945-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 783-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amanda L. Smith ◽

Kristina M. Hamilton ◽

Lucy Hirschle ◽

Emma C. Wootton ◽

Claire L. Vogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Host Response ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Fungal Isolate ◽

Content Type ◽

Cancer Pagurus ◽

South Wales ◽

Disease Condition ◽

Fungal Sepsis ◽

Host Tissues

ABSTRACTThis study reports on an emerging fungal disease of the edible crab,Cancer pagurus. Juvenile (prerecruit) crabs were found to be subject to this disease condition during the months of May to September at two intertidal sites in South Wales, United Kingdom. Histopathology revealed that the fungi overwhelm the host response in the tissues, leading to progressive septicemia. The causative agent of this infection was isolated and grown in pure culture and was identified as a member of theOphiocordycepsclade by sequencing of the small subunit of the fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Of the crabs naturally infected with the fungus, 94% had a coinfection with the parasitic dinoflagellateHematodiniumspecies. To determine if there was any interaction between the two disease-causing agents, apparently fungus-free crabs, both with and without naturalHematodiniuminfections, were challenged with the fungal isolate. The presence ofHematodiniumcaused a significant reduction in fungal multiplication in the hemocoel of the crabs in comparison to that inHematodinium-free individuals. Histopathology of coinfected crabs showed a systemic multiplication ofHematodiniumwithin host tissues, leading to a rapid death, whileHematodinium-free crabs experimentally infected with the fungal isolate died due to fungal sepsis (septicemia) with the same characteristic pathology as seen in natural infections.

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