scholarly journals Towards for Designing Intelligent Health Care System Based on Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Nada Noori ◽  
Ali Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care System

Health Information Technology (HIT) provides many opportunities for transforming and improving health care systems. HIT enhances the quality of health care delivery, reduces medical errors, increases patient safety, facilitates care coordination, monitors the updated data over time, improves clinical outcomes, and strengthens the interaction between patients and health care providers. Living in modern large cities has a significant negative impact on people’s health, for instance, the increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes. According to the rising morbidity in the last decade, the number of patients with diabetes worldwide will exceed 642 million in 2040, meaning that one in every ten adults will be affected. All the previous research on diabetes mellitus indicates that early diagnoses can reduce death rates and overcome many problems. In this regard, machine learning (ML) techniques show promising results in using medical data to predict diabetes at an early stage to save people’s lives. In this paper, we propose an intelligent health care system based on ML methods as a real-time monitoring system to detect diabetes mellitus and examine other health issues such as food and drug allergies of patients. The proposed system uses five machine learning methods: K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The system selects the best classification method with high accuracy to optimize the diagnosis of patients with diabetes. The experimental results show that in the proposed system, the SVM classifier has the highest accuracy of 83%.

scholarly journals Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 713-713
Author(s):  
Colleen Galambos ◽  
James Lubben
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

Abstract Social isolation and loneliness (SIL) are serious yet underappreciated public health risks for many older adults (AARP, 2018a). Strong evidence suggests that, for older adults, social isolation and loneliness are associated with an increased likelihood of early death, dementia, heart disease, and more (AARP, 2018b, Holt-Lunstad and Smith, 2016). While all ages may experience SIL, older adults are at increased risk because they are more likely to face predisposing factors such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Health care providers may be in the best position to identify older individuals who are at highest risk for SIL – individuals for whom the health care system may be the only point of contact with their broader community. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) developed a consensus study report on this issue. This symposium presents the study recommendations. Dr. Holt-Lunstad examines the recommendations to develop a more robust evidence base for effective assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies for social isolation and loneliness. Dr. Galambos examines the recommendations to translate current research into health care practices and to improve awareness of the health and medical impacts of SIL. Dr. Lustig examines the recommendations to strengthen ongoing education and training and to strengthen ties between the health care system and community-based resources. Dr. Demiris examines the role of technology across all of these recommendations. Loneliness and Social Isolation Interest Group Sponsored Symposium

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Lyra ◽  
José-Dias do Nascimento ◽  
Jaber Belkhiria ◽  
Leandro de Almeida ◽  
Pedro Paulo M. Chrispim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 epidemics poses a particular challenge to low and middle income countries, making some of them consider the strategy of “vertical confinement”. In this strategy, contact is reduced only to specific groups (like age groups) that are at increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to assess the feasibility of this scenario as an exit strategy for the current lockdown in terms of its ability to keep the number of cases under the health care system capacity. We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. The population is subdivided into 9 age groups, resulting in a system of 72 coupled nonlinear differential equations. The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy.

scholarly journals “Take the treatment and be brave”: Care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242604
Author(s):  
Marian Loveday ◽  
Sindisiwe Hlangu ◽  
Jennifer Furin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Care System

Background There are few data on the on the care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant TB. Objective To describe the treatment journeys of pregnant women with RR-TB—including how their care experiences shape their identities—and identify areas in which tailored interventions are needed. Methods In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a convenience sample from a population of pregnant women receiving treatment for RR-TB. This paper follows COREQ guidelines. A thematic network analysis using an inductive approach was performed to analyze the interview transcripts and notes. The analysis was iterative and a coding system developed which focused on the care experiences of the women and how these experiences affected their perceptions of themselves, their children, and the health care system in which treatment was received. Results Seventeen women were interviewed. The women described multiple challenges in their treatment journeys which required them to demonstrate sustained resilience (i.e. to “be brave”). Care experiences required them to negotiate seemingly contradictory identities as both new mothers—“givers of life”—and RR-TB patients facing a complicated and potentially deadly disease. In terms of their “pregnancy identity” and “RR-TB patient identity” that emerged as part of their care experiences, four key themes were identified that appeared to have elements that were contradictory to one another (contradictory areas). These included: 1) the experience of physical symptoms or changes; 2) the experience of the “mothering” and “patient” roles; 3) the experience of the care they received for their pregnancy and their RR-TB; and 4) the experience of community engagement. There were also three areas that overlapped with both roles and during which identity was negotiated/reinforced and they included: 1) faith; 2) socioeconomic issues; and 3) long-term concerns over the child’s health. At times, the health care system exacerbated these challenges as the women were not given the support they needed by health care providers who were ill-informed or angry and treated the women in a discriminatory fashion. Left to negotiate this confusing time period, the women turned to faith, their own mothers, and the fathers of their unborn children. Conclusion The care experiences of the women who participated in this study highlight several gaps in the current health care system that must be better addressed in both TB and perinatal services in order to improve the therapeutic journeys for pregnant women with RR-TB and their children. Suggestions for optimizing care include the provision of integrated services, including specialized counseling as well as training for health care providers; engagement of peer support networks; provision of socioeconomic support; long-term medical care/follow-up for children born to women who were treated for RR-TB; and inclusion of faith-based services in the provision of care.

Outside Looking In: A Pharmacist's Personal Journey With Family Elders

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Jeannette Y. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Clinical Inertia ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
Care System

Pharmacists who work in long-term care—or in any area of health care—are exposed to the health care system on a daily basis. While most of us recognize that the health care system has problems, especially at transitions of care, few of us appreciate fully how serious these problems can be. Certifying and accrediting agencies have encouraged health care providers to step out of their silos and work more collaboratively, and educators have emphasized understanding geriatric syndromes. A description of a personal journey through the health system—for both the patient and the caregiver—with two older individuals, this narrative discusses how difficult it is for patients to understand what's happening around them. It also discusses the clinical inertia in addressing geriatric issues and offers suggestions to health care providers facing similar situations.

HIV status, trust in health care providers, and distrust in the health care system among Bronx women

AIDS Care ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Cunningham ◽  
N. L. Sohler ◽  
L. Korin ◽  
W. Gao ◽  
K. Anastos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Tele-Dysphagia Management: An Opportunity for Prevention, Cost-Savings and Advanced Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia ◽  
University Training ◽  
Care System

Many patients survive severe stroke because of aggressive management in intensive care units.  However, acquiring pneumonia during the post-onset phase significantly reduces both the quality and likelihood of survival. Aspiration pneumonia (AP), a relatively recent addition to the list of the pneumonias, is associated with dysphagia, a swallowing disorder that may cause aspiration of swallowed food or liquids mixed with bacterial pathogens common to saliva, or by aspiration of gastric contents due to emesis or gastroesophageal reflux. While it is within the purview of speech-language pathologists to provide evaluation, treatment, and management of dysphagia, the number of patients with dysphagia is growing faster than the number of qualified dysphagia clinicians.  Because dysphagia consultations via telepractice are feasible and relatively accessible from a technological standpoint, they offer a promising strategy to bring the expertise of distant dysphagia experts to patients in underserved areas.  Tele-dysphagia management has the potential to increase patients’ survival, enhance the expertise of primary, local clinicians, and reduce healthcare costs. Even a modest reduction in either hospital admissions for aspiration pneumonia, or in the length of stay for AP, could save the US health care system hundreds of millions of dollars each year.  Wide spread tele-dysphagia management offers significant opportunities for prevention, cost-savings and advanced training, and is therefore worthy of consideration by stakeholders in the health care system and university training programs.

scholarly journals Patterns of engagement with the health care system and risk of subsequent hospitalization amongst patients with diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E Ronksley ◽  
Pietro Ravani ◽  
Claudia Sanmartin ◽  
Hude Quan ◽  
Braden Manns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care System

The cost burden of trastuzumab and bevacizumab monoclonal antibody therapy in solid tumors: Can we afford it?

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6044-6044 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Drucker ◽  
K. Virik ◽  
C. Skedgel ◽  
D. Rayson ◽  
M. Sellon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Pharmacy Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System

6044 Background: Monoclonal antibodies (MAb), such as trastuzumab (TZ) and bevacizumab (BZ), have become an important yet expensive component of cancer treatment. The potential cost impact on health care budgets needs to be assessed in the context of its potential utilization. An estimate of the additional costs incurred by adopting TZ and BZ therapy in breast (BRC), lung (LUC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers was undertaken. Methods: The MAb costs per patient were estimated based on treatment indications, length of treatment, standard doses / schedules and local pharmacy data. Supportive medications, diagnostics and health resources utilization only required for the MAb therapy were also examined. This analysis was performed in Canadian dollars ($), and assumes complete drug delivery and uncomplicated cycles. Drug costs were based on average 2005 wholesale prices in Canada. The analysis took a direct payer perspective. We subsequently estimated the cost of MAb therapy per patient relative to the total costs of conventional cancer management without MAb therapy. Budget impact estimates on Canada’s health care system were then derived according to constructed schema, which accounts for absolute numbers of target patients and systemic therapy utilization. Results: The average costs of TZ per treated patient were $47,278 and $26,648 for adjuvant and metastatic BRC, respectively. For BZ, these were $47,250 and $38,500 for metastatic LUC and CRC, respectively. Other costs associated with MAb therapy were in the range of 3–6%. The predicted TZ drug costs in metastatic breast cancer were within 10% of the actual costs derived from pharmacy data. The potential life-time absolute costs to Canada’s health care system were approximately $118 million for TZ, and $262 million for BZ. This corresponds to an average of approximately 21% increase in the health care expenditure for BRC, LUC, and CRC. Conclusions: MAb therapy, such as TZ and BZ, may add a significant cost burden to Canada’s publicly funded health care system. The developed schema in this analysis may be of potential use to health care providers and policy makers in assessing the impact of MAb therapy on health care budgets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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