scholarly journals Effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract as an alternative to fat on the quality of low fat Yoghurt

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
T Khudair

The effect of adding different concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract on the quality of low-fat yoghurt was studied. 10, 15, 20 ml of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract was added to the pasteurized liquid milk contain 0.1% milk fat to purpose of giving different levels of inulin/ µg (each milliliter from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract contains 21 µg of inulin). The yoghurt samples were compared with the control sample produced from whole fat milk. The content of total solids in milk was adjusted to 14% by adding skim milk powder. After storage periods 1, 7, and 15 days, the chemical-physical composition of the yoghurt samples, such as pH, titratable acidity, syneresis (whey separation), the amount of acetaldehyde, and volatile fatty acids. The sensory characteristics of the samples were also evaluated during the same storage periods. It was found that the addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract containing more than 210 µg caused in increased separation of whey and consistency. The values of acetaldehyde, PH and titratable acidity were not affected by adding the Jerusalem artichoke extract. volatile fatty acid levels were affected negative. In the case of sensory evaluation of yogurt. The addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract resulted in the retention of the sensory quality grades, where the treatment control was highest, and the lowest grade was obtained in the yoghurt samples containing 420 μg of inulin. Overall, the quality characteristics of the yoghurt containing 210 μg inulin was similar to the quality characteristics of the control like yoghurt made from whole milk.

Author(s):  
Е.В. ТОПНИКОВА ◽  
О.В. ЛЕПИЛКИНА

Современные требования к рациональному питанию обусловливают производство жировых продуктов пониженной калорийности. Однако при их изготовлении производитель сталкивается с проблемами устойчивости процесса маслообразования, формирования структуры и качества продукта, решить которые возможно за счет использования стабилизаторов и эмульгаторов и корректировки режимов работы маслообразователя. С использованием программы онлайн-контроля изменения параметров работы маслообразователя и трансмиссионного электронного микроскопа при увеличении 6600 исследованы процессы формирования структуры и качества сливочного масла с жирностью 55%, выработанного из сливок с добавлением эмульгатора – моно- и диглицеридов жирных кислот в количестве 0,5% и комплексного стабилизатора консистенции на основе гуаровой и ксантановой камедей в количестве 0,2% – образец 1 и сухого обезжиренного молока, добавленного из расчета получения в готовом продукте 7,5% сухих обезжиренных веществ молока, – образец 2. Контрольным образцом было масло «Крестьянское» с жирностью 72,5%. Установлено, что процесс обращения фаз при изготовлении масла пониженной жирности происходит аналогично процессу при изготовлении масла с жирностью 72,5%. К особенностям процесса можно отнести формирование в качестве промежуточной структуры масляного зерна, а также повышение нагрузки на маслообразователь в момент переохлаждения сливок и удлинение продолжительности выхода на стабильный режима работы аппарата. Доказано, что для обеспечения устойчивой структуры продукта удельные затраты мощности должны быть увеличены на 9,8–13,2% при преобразовании сливок со стабилизаторами и эмульгатором (образец 1) и на 2,2–3,5% при преобразовании сливок с добавлением в качестве стабилизатора сухого обезжиренного молока (образец 2). Установлена возможность получения масла пониженной жирности с хорошей консистенцией и пластичностью. Modern requirements for rational nutrition determine the production of low-calorie fat products. However during their manufacture the manufacturer faces with problems of the stability of the butter formation process, the formation of the structure and quality of the product, which can be solved by using stabilizers and emulsifiers and adjusting the operating modes of the butter-forming agent. The processes of forming the structure and quality of butter with a fat content of 55% were studied using the online control program for changing the parameters of the butter-forming machine and transmission electron microscope at a magnification of 6600. Butter samples were developed from cream with the addition of an emulsifier – mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids in an amount of 0,5% and a complex consistency stabilizer based on guar and xanthan gum in an amount of 0,2% – sample 1 and skimmed milk powder added based on the calculation of obtaining 7,5% of skimmed milk solids in the finished product – sample 2. Butter «Krestyanskoe» with a fat content of 72,5% was the control sample. It is established that the process of phase reversal in the manufacture of low-fat butter is similar to the process for traditional types of butter. The formation of an intermediate structure of the butter grain, as well as the increased load on the butter-forming agent at the time of supercooling of cream and the lengthening of the duration of the stable mode of operation of the device can be attributed to the peculiarities of the process. It is proved that to ensure a stable product structure, the specific power consumption should be increased by 9,8–13,2% when converting cream with stabilizers and an emulsifier (sample 1) and by 2,2–3,5% when converting cream with the addition of skimmed milk powder as a stabilizer (sample 2). The possibility of obtaining low-fat butter with a good consistency and plasticity is established.


1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
S. J. Rowland

1. The administration of 0·5–1·5 kg. sodium acetate to cows in which the milk fat percentage had been reduced by diets low in hay and high in concentrates usually brought about an appreciable improvement in fat percentage. The extent of the response varied from slight to complete. The Reichert value of the milk fat fell with diets low in hay, but was raised by administration of acetate.2. The daily administration of 500 g. sodium acetate to cows receiving diets containing normal levels of hay and concentrates according to their milk yields did not affect the milk fat content.3. The daily administration of 414 g. sodium propionate did not restore fat percentages lowered by the diets low in hay. Butyrate appeared, in a test with one cow, to possess the restorative properties of acetate.4. With diets containing either 50 lb. silage as the sole roughage or 60 lb. fodder beet and only 6 lb. hay, fat percentages were the same as with a normal diet containing 16 lb. hay.


LWT ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibe Bach ◽  
Sidsel Jensen ◽  
Ulla Kidmose ◽  
Jørn Nygaard Sørensen ◽  
Merete Edelenbos

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (SE) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Harsimran Riar ◽  
Nitika Goel

Yoghurt a fermented product is a wholesome, nutritious food product, liked by every segment of the population. There has been a continuous effort in increasing the quality of the product by fortification and technological interventions. Researchers have focused on the addition of vitamins and minerals to eradicate micronutrient deficiency as well as the addition of health-promoting bioactive functional ingredients such as Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyx) extract and natural antimicrobial agents such as essential oils to increase the shelf life and quality parameters of yoghurt. In the case of low-fat yoghurt, carbohydrate-based fat replacers like barley beta-glucan, guar gum and inulin were used and compared with milk fat. Present review focuses on the influence of antioxidant-rich fruits such as Rutub date, mulberry pekmez and concentrated grape juice on the fermentation and quality of fruit flavoured yoghurt. There has been an innovation in product design such as carbonated yoghurt prepared from sweetened low-fat yoghurt and yog-ice cream by addition of inulin. The present review signifies that enrichment of yoghurt with functional ingredients leads to enhancement in the quality, storage stability as well as health benefits making it a product suitable for maintaining good health and curing diseases of the population in a whole.


Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S4) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
J. Singthong ◽  
C. Thongkaew

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber is a vegetable with a low caloric value and a high content of inulin, vitamins and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of Jerusalem artichoke powder (JA powder). The results indicated that moisture, ash, crude fiber, protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents were 6.71, 3.54, 2.83, 7.58, 0.28 and 79.04%, respectively. The Jerusalem artichoke stored carbohydrates in the form of inulin instead of starch. Total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) of JA powder were 53.11, 40.07 and 13.04%, respectively. Total sugar, total phenolic compound (TPC) and antioxidant activity by DPPH of JA powder were 0.92 mg fructose/g sample, 6.58 mg GAE/g sample and 93.74 mg TEAC/g sample, respectively. Furthermore, this research reported the design of experimental for optimizing JA powder on the quality of glass noodles using three independent variables: JA powder concentration (0-3%), alginate concentration (1.5-2.5%) and calcium concentration (1-3%). The optimum condition for the glass noodles was 3% JA powder, 2% alginate and 3% calcium. This optimization revealed that glass noodles had more fiber and sugar, as well as good hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess. The microstructure of glass noodles addition with JA powder was smaller porosity than glass noodles without JA powder (commercially glass noodle).


Author(s):  
Chukwan Techakanon ◽  
Karthikeyan Venkatachalam

The aims of this study were to produce rose apple cider and to compare the quality of cider following different pasteurization conditions. Rose apple (Syzygium agueum Alston cv. Taaptimjan), which is rich in bioactive compounds, was used to produce cider. Cider pasteurization was carried out at 63 ºC for 15 s, or at 71 ºC for 6 s after fermentation. Cider from each pasteurization condition was stored at room temperature (27±1 ºC). Physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties were monitored for three months in the study. The obtained cider (when not pasteurized) had initially 6% alcohol, with soluble solids in the range 4.2-4.3 ºBrix, pH 4.6, and 4.2 g/L titratable acidity. Pasteurization was effective in prolonging shelf life of the cider from 6 to 12 weeks; however, the treatment significantly decreased contents of vitamin C and antioxidants. In the sensory profile of cider pasteurized at 71 ºC, trained panelists perceived it as more sweet, less sour, with less flavor and same intensity of aftertaste, when compared to the control sample. The pasteurization conditions 71 ºC for 6 s gave desirable sensory quality and met microbiology standards for up to three months of storage in ambient conditions.


1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Kalogridou-Vassiliadou ◽  
Efstathios Alichanidis

SummaryTeleme cheese made from milk stored at 4–5 °C for 1–5 d and then pasteurized was compared with that made from unstored control milks. In the raw milks titratable acidity, tyrosine value and acid degree value increased more rapidly in stored milks than in the controls. With pasteurized milks, variations in coagulation times were attributable to levels of psychrotrophs in the corresponding raw milks. Differences were minor for milk fat and N content between cheeses. Curds made from milks stored > 4 d differed markedly from the controls in pH, moisture, N soluble at pH 4·6 and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble N, but only small differences in levels of casein fragments were detected. Proteolysis in mature cheese (60 d old) made from milk stored > 3 d differed significantly from the controls, and casein fragments were detectable. Off flavour related to excessive protein breakdown developed only in cheese made from milk stored > 4 d. In 60 d old cheeses there was significantly more rancidity in those made from milk stored for > 3 d than in those made from control milk. Unacceptable rancidity became evident at 60 d in cheeses produced from milk stored > 4 d. For Teleme cheesemaking psychrotrophic bacteria multiplying in the milk to levels likely to be encountered in commercial practice are of far greater importance for their lipolytic than for their proteolytic enzymes.


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