FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND QUALITY OF LOW-FAT BUTTER

Author(s):  
Е.В. ТОПНИКОВА ◽  
О.В. ЛЕПИЛКИНА

Современные требования к рациональному питанию обусловливают производство жировых продуктов пониженной калорийности. Однако при их изготовлении производитель сталкивается с проблемами устойчивости процесса маслообразования, формирования структуры и качества продукта, решить которые возможно за счет использования стабилизаторов и эмульгаторов и корректировки режимов работы маслообразователя. С использованием программы онлайн-контроля изменения параметров работы маслообразователя и трансмиссионного электронного микроскопа при увеличении 6600 исследованы процессы формирования структуры и качества сливочного масла с жирностью 55%, выработанного из сливок с добавлением эмульгатора – моно- и диглицеридов жирных кислот в количестве 0,5% и комплексного стабилизатора консистенции на основе гуаровой и ксантановой камедей в количестве 0,2% – образец 1 и сухого обезжиренного молока, добавленного из расчета получения в готовом продукте 7,5% сухих обезжиренных веществ молока, – образец 2. Контрольным образцом было масло «Крестьянское» с жирностью 72,5%. Установлено, что процесс обращения фаз при изготовлении масла пониженной жирности происходит аналогично процессу при изготовлении масла с жирностью 72,5%. К особенностям процесса можно отнести формирование в качестве промежуточной структуры масляного зерна, а также повышение нагрузки на маслообразователь в момент переохлаждения сливок и удлинение продолжительности выхода на стабильный режима работы аппарата. Доказано, что для обеспечения устойчивой структуры продукта удельные затраты мощности должны быть увеличены на 9,8–13,2% при преобразовании сливок со стабилизаторами и эмульгатором (образец 1) и на 2,2–3,5% при преобразовании сливок с добавлением в качестве стабилизатора сухого обезжиренного молока (образец 2). Установлена возможность получения масла пониженной жирности с хорошей консистенцией и пластичностью. Modern requirements for rational nutrition determine the production of low-calorie fat products. However during their manufacture the manufacturer faces with problems of the stability of the butter formation process, the formation of the structure and quality of the product, which can be solved by using stabilizers and emulsifiers and adjusting the operating modes of the butter-forming agent. The processes of forming the structure and quality of butter with a fat content of 55% were studied using the online control program for changing the parameters of the butter-forming machine and transmission electron microscope at a magnification of 6600. Butter samples were developed from cream with the addition of an emulsifier – mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids in an amount of 0,5% and a complex consistency stabilizer based on guar and xanthan gum in an amount of 0,2% – sample 1 and skimmed milk powder added based on the calculation of obtaining 7,5% of skimmed milk solids in the finished product – sample 2. Butter «Krestyanskoe» with a fat content of 72,5% was the control sample. It is established that the process of phase reversal in the manufacture of low-fat butter is similar to the process for traditional types of butter. The formation of an intermediate structure of the butter grain, as well as the increased load on the butter-forming agent at the time of supercooling of cream and the lengthening of the duration of the stable mode of operation of the device can be attributed to the peculiarities of the process. It is proved that to ensure a stable product structure, the specific power consumption should be increased by 9,8–13,2% when converting cream with stabilizers and an emulsifier (sample 1) and by 2,2–3,5% when converting cream with the addition of skimmed milk powder as a stabilizer (sample 2). The possibility of obtaining low-fat butter with a good consistency and plasticity is established.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Valentina Mădălina MOGA ◽  
◽  
◽  

This research presents a comparison between three types of yogurt: classic yogurt without addition, yogurt with added skimmed milk powder (the most common yogurt additive) and yogurt with tapioca. The aim of the research is to identify whether there are differences between these three products and what is the impact of tapioca powder on the characteristics of yogurt. Experimental determinations were performed such as: sensory analysis, textural analysis, analysis of physical parameters (acidity, lactose content, syneresis).


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
T Khudair

The effect of adding different concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract on the quality of low-fat yoghurt was studied. 10, 15, 20 ml of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract was added to the pasteurized liquid milk contain 0.1% milk fat to purpose of giving different levels of inulin/ µg (each milliliter from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract contains 21 µg of inulin). The yoghurt samples were compared with the control sample produced from whole fat milk. The content of total solids in milk was adjusted to 14% by adding skim milk powder. After storage periods 1, 7, and 15 days, the chemical-physical composition of the yoghurt samples, such as pH, titratable acidity, syneresis (whey separation), the amount of acetaldehyde, and volatile fatty acids. The sensory characteristics of the samples were also evaluated during the same storage periods. It was found that the addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract containing more than 210 µg caused in increased separation of whey and consistency. The values of acetaldehyde, PH and titratable acidity were not affected by adding the Jerusalem artichoke extract. volatile fatty acid levels were affected negative. In the case of sensory evaluation of yogurt. The addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract resulted in the retention of the sensory quality grades, where the treatment control was highest, and the lowest grade was obtained in the yoghurt samples containing 420 μg of inulin. Overall, the quality characteristics of the yoghurt containing 210 μg inulin was similar to the quality characteristics of the control like yoghurt made from whole milk.


Author(s):  
Г.О. МАГОМЕДОВ ◽  
И.В. ПЛОТНИКОВА ◽  
Т.А. ШЕВЯКОВА ◽  
В.Е. ПЛОТНИКОВ

Исследовано влияние соотношения рецептурных компонентов на качество и структурно-механические свойства кремовых кондитерских масс с целью оптимизации рецептуры и повышения качества изделий путем замены сахара крахмальной патокой. Образцы кремовых смесей, состоящих из сахарной пудры и жира (С/Ж) (контроль), патоки и жира (П/Ж), сухой патоки и жира (Пс/Ж), с разным соотношением этих компонентов сбивали при температуре 26–27°С и частоте вращения месильных органов 5 с–1 в течение 12 мин. Качество смесей оценивали по изменению объемной массы и структурно-механических показателей – эффективной вязкости и пластической прочности. Установлено, что при охлаждении смесей до 10°С пластическая прочность образца с количественным соотношением компонентов 75/25 смеси П/Ж снижается в 2,8 раза по сравнению с аналогичным показателем образца с тем же количественным соотношением компонентов смеси С/Ж. В образцах с соотношением компонентов 50/50 смесей С/Ж, П/Ж и Пс/Ж конечные значения пластической прочности после выстойки составляли, кПа: 49; 35; 31 соответственно. Определено оптимальное соотношение между сухим компонентом – молоком сухим обезжиренным, патокой и жиром. Установлено, что наилучшими показателями качества обладает образец с содержанием, %: сухого молока 12–14; жира 55–65; патоки 20–30. Объемная масса образца составляет 0,40–0,44 г/см3, пластическая прочность – 37–45 кПа при температуре 30°С. Полученные образцы кондитерских масс обладают улучшенным качеством, пониженными сахароемкостью и калорийностью. The influence of the ratio of formulation components on the quality and structural and mechanical properties of cream confectionery masses in order to optimize the formulation and improve the quality of products by replacing sugar with starch syrup is investigated. Samples of cream mixtures consisting of powdered sugar and fat (S/F) (control), starch syrup and fat (SS/F), dry starch syrup and fat (SSd/F), with a different ratio of these components were beat at a temperature of 26–27°C and a speed of kneading 5 s–1during 12 min. The quality of the mixtures was evaluated by changes in the volume mass and structural and mechanical parameters - effective viscosity and plastic strength. It was found that when cooling the mixtures to 10°C, the plastic strength of the sample with a quantitative ratio of 75/25 components of the mixture SS/F is reduced by 2,8 times compared to the same indicator of the sample with the same quantitative ratio of the components of the mixture S/F. In samples with a component ratio of 50/50 mixtures of S/F, SS/F and SSd/F the final values of plastic strength were, kPa: 49; 35; 31, respectively. The optimal ratio between the dry component – skimmed milk powder, starch syrup and fat is determined. It was found that the best quality indicators has a sample containing, %: milk powder 12–14; fat 55–65; starch syrup 20–30. The volume mass of the sample is 0,40–0,44 g/cm3, plastic strength – 37–45 kPa at a temperature of 30°C. The obtained samples of confectionery mass have improved quality, reduced sugar capacity and caloric content.


Author(s):  
Anna Garczewska-Murzyn ◽  
Michał Smoczyński ◽  
Natalia Kotowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kiełczewska

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the potential of using buttermilk and skimmed milk powders as additives to standardize the dry matter content of milk in the production of low-fat yoghurt. A batch of yoghurt was produced using a starter culture of Lactobacillus delbruecki ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The rates of milk acidification and pH levels were similar for both variants of yoghurt. After chilled storage (21 days), the yoghurt produced from milk supplemented with buttermilk powder was found to contain higher (P ≤ 0.05) levels of lactic acid (1.179%) than that supplemented with skimmed milk (1.154%). The use of buttermilk powder allowed reducing (not significantly, P > 0.05) syneresis in the stored yoghurt. The milk fat in the buttermilk–supplemented yoghurt showed lower (P ≤ 0.05) phospholipids content and exhibited slightly higher phospholipids loss during storage than the yoghurt produced from milk with addition of milk powder. No differences were found between the profile of fatty acids between the yoghurts enriched with skimmed milk powder and those enriched with buttermilk powder. Buttermilk can be used as an additive to produce a novel yoghurt type with modified functional features. Research Highlights The use of buttermilk powder did not affect fermentation process, however increased lactic acid content and water-holding capacity of yoghurt. The yoghurts with added buttermilk contained less phospholipids when compared with yoghurts supplemented with milk powder. Buttermilk powder can be incorporated as an ingredient in production of novel yoghurt type with improved functional features.


2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Bergmann ◽  
Declan O’Connor ◽  
Andreas Thümmel

Price and volatility transmission effects between European Union (EU) and World skimmed milk powder (SMP) prices, as well as those between both SMP series, soybeans and crude oil prices from 2004 to 2014 were analysed using a vector error correction model combined with a multivariate GARCH model. The results show significant transmission effects between EU and World SMP prices, but no significant transmission effects from soybeans or crude oil to either of the SMP prices. For policymakers and modellers, these results indicate the need to consider World SMP prices when considering EU prices. On the other hand, the finding of no transmission effects from soybean to SMP prices reduces the opportunity for a successful cross-hedging for dairy commodities using well-established soybean derivative markets.


Author(s):  
Shabbir Ahmed ◽  
Most Khairunnesa ◽  
Mst Habiba ◽  
Md Islam ◽  
S Hoque ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naukhaiz Abbas ◽  
Zainab Sharmeen ◽  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Misbah Arshad ◽  
Zargham Mazhar

Peanuts may be consumed in a variety of processed forms like roasted, raw and processed etc. andrepresent as a multimillion dollar crop worldwide with many potential dietary benefits as it contains highprotein and health effective oils. Objective: The present investigation was planned to evaluate thephysio-chemical properties of peanut milk yogurt by the addition of different concentration of peanut milk(0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 %), skimmed milk liquid (60 %, 70 %, 80 %, and 90 %), skimmed milk powder (9 %)and sugar (1 %). Methods: The physio-chemical tests (pH, acidity, moisture, ash, fat, protein, syneresis,and viscosity) were examined after every 5 days of interval for a period of 15 days at 4 ºC. Results: Theresults of physio-chemical analysis revealed that pH, ash, fat, protein and viscosity decrease duringstorage period where as acidity, moisture and rate of syneresis increased during storage. Treatment T1(10 % peanut milk) was comparatively best for manufacturing of peanut milk yogurt followed by T2 (20 %peanut milk + 70 % skimmed milk liquid + 9 % skimmed milk powder + 1 % sugar) while peanut milk yogurtfrom (30 % peanut milk + 60 % skimmed milk liquid + 9 % skimmed milk powder + 1 % sugar) had the lowestdegree of firmness. Conclusions: It was noticed that correlation among fat, total solids and proteincontents in peanut milk affect the extent of serum separation and pH of yogurt. The storage hadsignificant effects on all physio-chemical parameters. Treatments had significant effect on all physiochemicalparameters.


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