scholarly journals Effect of Age on Histological Changes of Urogenital Tract in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Fatima Al-hayyali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Basement Membrane Thickness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

This study was conducted to investigate the histologic changes of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland of rats of various ages (6,12 and 18 months old). Results illustrated variable changes of kidney represented by congestion of renal capillaries, acute tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomerular tuft, degeneration in tubular epithelium of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats, the morphometric changes of the glomerular diameter decreases with advanced age. The lesions of urinary bladder characterized by hyperplasia of the epithelial lining, papillae into the lumen, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, desquamation of epithelium, cystitis in addition to thickening of the mucosa and hyalinization of muscle fibers of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats. The thickness of the bladder wall showed a significant changes increase at (P≤0.05) with age, while morphometric analysis did not show any age related changes in the bladder muscle thickness. In testis there were congestion of blood vessels, a spermia, degeneration of the spermatocytes and spermatozoa, thickening of interstitial and hyperplasia of leydig cells of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats. The wall thickness of Seminiferous tubule increases with age and basement membrane thickness and tubular diameter decreased with age. The seminal vesicle of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats revealed hyperplasia of glandular epithelium. Lesions of the prostate gland of 6,12 and 18 months old rats showed epithelial hyperplasia which extended as finger-like projections and presence of variable amounts of colloid substance.

Progress of Age-Related Changes in Properties of Motor Units in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1357-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Sugiura ◽  
Kenro Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Twitch Contraction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Whole Muscle

The mechanical properties of individual motor units in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, as well as the whole muscle properties and innervating motor nucleus, were investigated in dietary-restricted, male Fischer 344/DuCrj rats at ages of 4, 7, 12, 21/22, 27, 31, and 36 mo. The tetanic tension of the type S units continuously increased until the age of 36 mo. Those of type FF and FR units declined from 21/22 to 27 mo of age but did not change further while the whole muscle tension decreased greatly. The atrophy of muscle fibers, the decline in motoneuron number and axonal conduction velocity, and the decrease in the posttetanic potentiation of twitch contraction of motor units seemed to start after 21/22 mo of age and were accelerated with advancing age. Prolongation of twitch contraction time was evident for only type S and FR units in 36-mo-old rats. The fatigue index was greatly increased for type FF units in 36-mo-old rats. These findings indicated that the progress of changes in various properties occurring in the senescent muscle was different in terms of their time course and degree and also dependent on the types of motor unit. The atrophy and decrease in specific tension of muscle fibers affected the decline in tension output of motor units. This was effectively compensated for by the capture of denervated muscle fibers over time.

Developmental changes in spontaneous smooth muscle activity in the neonatal rat urinary bladder

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. R809-R816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikoő A. Széll ◽  
George T. Somogyi ◽  
William C. de Groat ◽  
Gyula P. Szigeti
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cross Prediction ◽  
Bladder Base ◽  
Old Rats

Changes in spontaneous activity of the urinary bladder during postnatal development were examined in muscle strips from the base and dome of bladders from 1- to 5-wk-old rats. Activity was analyzed using fast Fourier transformation (FFT), nonlinear cross prediction, and the Shannon entropy test. Spontaneous activity was not detected in strips from 1- to 5-day-old rats but was observed in 50% of strips from 6- to 7-day-old rats and was prominent in strips from 2-wk-old animals. FFT analysis revealed one peak in activity, which was significantly faster in the bladder base (0.21 ± 0.03 Hz) than in the dome (0.08 ± 0.01 Hz). A second peak at ∼0.5 Hz was detected at 3-5 wk of age. Atropine but not tetrodotoxin decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions, whereas carbachol, a muscarinic agonist, unmasked or stimulated spontaneous activity. These data suggest that slow rhythmic activity observed previously in neonatal whole bladders is generated by pacemaker cells in the bladder base or dome. The emergence of faster activity in bladders from older animals may reflect the development of multiple pacemaker sites, which would reduce coordination within the bladder wall and improve storage function in the mature bladder.

scholarly journals Megabladder in experimental Chagas disease: pathological features of the bladder wall

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Henrique Gazoni Scremin ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett ◽  
Márcia Dallastra Laurenti ◽  
Elizabeth Visone Nunes ◽  
Joaquim José Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Functional Disturbance ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Mega-organs, primarily in the digestive tract, are well known to occur in chronic Chagas disease. Acute experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi results in parasitism of a wide range of cells, tissues, and organs, including the urinary bladder. Infection of BALB/c mice with 100,000 bloodstream forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi induced acute infection with intense parasitism of all layers of the urinary bladder. Parasites were found in the mucosa, lamina propria, muscular, adventitial connective, and fat tissue. Desquamate epithelial cells with amastigotes in the bladder lumen were also found. After 60 days of infection, mice inoculated with 50 bloodstream forms developed dilated, thin-walled bladders that had inflammatory infiltrates and foci of fibrosis replacing areas of damaged muscular layer. These lesions result from direct damage to the muscle fibers by the T. cruzi, leading to myosites, muscle damage, and scarring. Direct damage of paraganglia cells secondary to parasitism, leading to dilatation, damage of muscle fibers, and scarring with replacement of muscular tissue with connective tissue, should also be considered as a cause of functional disturbance of the urinary bladder.

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Superficial and Invasive Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: A Preliminary Prospective Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Assmy ◽  
Mohamed E. Abou-El-Ghar ◽  
Huda F. Refaie ◽  
Tarek El-Diasty
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

We conducted a prospective study to demonstrate the feasibility of using diffusionweighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of urinary bladder carcinomas. Between January to June 2007, 43 patients with single bladder tumor were included in our study. Before taking a biopsy, DW MRI was obtained in the axial plane under free breathing scanning with a multisection, spin-echo type, single-shot echo planar sequence with a body coil. Moreover, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was measured in a circular region of interest within the carcinoma, urine, normal bladder wall, prostate, and seminal vesicle. All carcinomas in the 43 patients were clearly shown as high signal intensity relative to the surrounding structure. The sensitivity and positive predictive values of DW MRI were 100% in terms of correctly detecting the carcinomas. The ADC value in the carcinoma (1.40 ± 0.51) was significantly lower compared with that of urine (3.50 ± 0.43) (p< 0.001), normal bladder wall (2.29 ± 0.78) (p< 0.001), peripheral zone of prostate (1.77 ± 0.44) (p< 0.05), transition zone of prostate (1.88 ± 0.54) (p< 0.05), and the seminal vesicle (2.12 ± 0.43) (p< 0.001). There was no statistical difference in ADC values between different histological subtypes. There was no overlap between the ADC values of the tumors and the urine, but there was no clear cutoff between the tumor and bladder wall, prostate, or seminal vesicles. Bladder carcinomas have significantly lower ADC when compared to surroundings. Clinical experience with this method is still preliminary and further studies are required.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Age-Related Attenuation of Aerobic Exercise Training Adaptation in 24-Week Old Rats

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1916-P
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. SCALZO ◽  
GRAHAME F. EVANS ◽  
SARA E. HULL ◽  
LESLIE KNAUB ◽  
LORI A. WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

What Can We Learn from Sarcopenia with Curarisation in the Context of Cancer Surgery? A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3005-3010
Author(s):  
Georges Samouri ◽  
Alexandre Stouffs ◽  
Lionel V. Essen ◽  
Olivier Simonet ◽  
Marc De Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: The monitoring of the curarisation is a unique opportunity to investigate the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during cancer surgery, especially in frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, without any limit of time related to frailty, sarcopenia, age and response to neuromuscular blockers in the context of cancer surgery. Results: Several modifications appear with age: changes in cardiac output, a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat, the deterioration in renal and hepatic function, the plasma clearance and the volume of distribution in elderly are smaller. These changes can be exacerbated in cancer patients. We also find modifications of the NMJ: dysfunctional mitochondria, modifications in the innervation of muscle fibers and motor units, uncoupling of the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers, inflammation. : Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) compete with acetylcholine and prevent it from fixing itself on its receptor. Many publications reported guidelines for using NMBAs in the elderly, based on studies comparing old people with young people. : No one screened frailty before, and thus, no studies compared frail elderly and non-frail elderly undergoing cancer surgery. Conclusion: Despite many studies about curarisation in the specific populations, and many arguments for a potential interest for investigation, no studies investigated specifically the response to NMBAs in regard of the frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia.

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