scholarly journals Assessment of the degree of technogenic load in the zone of influence of CHP-5 on snow cover

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Anna I. Fokina ◽  
◽  
Olim M. Abdukhalilov ◽  
Svetlana G. Skugoreva ◽  
Tamara Ya. Ashikhmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
The South ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Combined heat and power plant (CHP) are sources of environmental pollution and therefore requires continuous control of the flow of pollutants which are generated during their work. One of the leading CHP in the city of Kirov (Kirov region, Russia) is a CHP-5 located in the South-Western outskirts of the city. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of anthropogenic load and the territorial focus of the impact of CHP-5 on the natural environment according to the results of chemical analysis of snow. As indicators of contamination used in the mass concentration of ions of sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, fluoride-, chloride-, nitrate-, phosphate- and sulfate-ions; the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in solid phase of snow water, acidity and electrical conductivity. It was found that the samples of snow water in areas near CHP-5 had a content of inorganic ions and PAHs exceeding the background values. The higher content of ions and heavy metals (HM) differed from forest sites in comparison with meadow. The highest concentrations of sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium ions, more alkaline reaction of the medium are determined in the snow water of the leeward areas of CHP-5. In comparison with background sites, the highest content of HM ions in snow water was found in samples from sites in the South-West direction from the CHP near the place of storage and transportation of coal. The most polluted PAHs are the areas located on the leeward side of the CHP and near the Sovietsky tract. The carcinogenic activity of PAHs in the solid phase of snow water is quite high and varies from 6.79 to 9.71 µg/dm3. Maximum electrical conductivity, high concentrations of potassium, calcium, copper, lead, zinc, chloride, nitrate, sulfate ions, increased content of pyrene relative to background, benz[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene is set for the forest area (4-S-W), located in the south-western direction from the CHP, in the immediate vicinity of storage and transportation of coal. This site is the most polluted of all investigated, the degree of its pollution can be characterized as an average.

scholarly journals Impact of external physical effects on water and aqueous solutions: the problem of “memory”

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Nurislamova ◽  
◽  
Alena S. Franz ◽  
Vyacheslav F. Markov ◽  
Larisa N. Maskaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Impact

A brief analysis of scientific publications on the changes in the physicochemical properties of water and aqueous solutions under the influence of temperature, magnetic and electric fields, laser and microwave radiation, ultrasound, and mechanical mixing was performed. A number of researchers have shown the influence of such effects on changes in pH and redox potential, electrical conductivity, surface tension and viscosity of an aqueous solution. The question of influence of external physical effects on water and aqueous solutions remains controversial. Some scientists suggest that water has a cluster structure, which is influenced by physical effects. An important aspect of the problem is the impact on the subsequent behavior and the final result of a chemical process involving previously treated aqueous solutions. Using water solutions of lead and thiourea as an example, the effect of their temperature prehistory in the range of 275-369 K on the kinetics of precipitation of the solid phase of lead sulfide and their microstructure is demonstrated. A threefold change in the composition of supersaturated CdxPb1–xS solid solutions precipitated from solutions containing a lead salt with different temperature prehistory was established. It is shown that the “memory” on the preliminary temperature effect is maintained for at least a day. The influence of electromagnetic treatment of water and aqueous solutions on the content of dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Some scientists explain these results by the influence of the field on the structure of hydrogen bonds, others by a change in the cluster structure of water, as well as by the presence of ferromagnetic particles in water. The review presents the current state of the problem of the “memory” effect and the related influence of the prehistory of the impact of physical factors. The review suggested that the “memory” of an aqueous solution is the preservation for a certain time of the changes in its structure and properties that have arisen as a result of the effect. The basic ideas about the mechanisms of influence of the prehistory of physical effects on aqueous solutions are given.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS ON THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH AND THEIR MINIMIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Manokhin ◽  
M. V. Manokhin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The paper considers the emissions of pollutants from road transport, in the total air pollution they make up 70 % on the example of a particular metropolis. The highway is considered as a linear source consisting of single point sources of pollution. Special attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase. It is determined that when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) exhaust gas components. The variability of the traffic flow density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory because of three-year monitoring were established. It is proposed to place accounting points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period [11]. The simulation of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase air pollutants of roadside territories is carried out. The model of diffusive displacements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants. The choice is implemented and the method of studying the level of dustiness of motor transport roads is recommended, which allows fixing dust particles from 0.1 microns to 250 microns in the air. An algorithm of an improved system for monitoring the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential zone is proposed. [16]. To minimize the emission of suspended substances, a two-stage emission purification system consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorber is proposed.

Scale Differences: Akragas and Morgantina

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Water System ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Situation ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

Can we discern differences in the way water was managed at larger and smaller Greek cities? Let us take two Greek cities in Sicily as case studies, examining them in some detail as to area, population, date, geological situation, and the water system elements known at each. The aim of this exercise is to begin to understand the impact of scale differences on the clusters of water system elements in ancient cities. Useful examples are Akragas—modern Agrigento—and Morgantina (Figs. 15.1, 15.2). Akragas is located on the south coast of Sicily, approximately in the center, and occupies a dramatic site on a hill between two rivers. The earliest settlement—and later the medieval town—were located on the highest peak of the 280-meter hill (Storia della Sicilia, 1979, map 1), but during classical and Hellenistic times the city spread down the hill to the wide and gentle valley to the south, which then rises again to form a ridge that separates that valley from the plain leading to the sea. In the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. a line of temples was built along the lower ridge, forming today the single largest, best preserved, and most impressive group of Greek temples anywhere. These architectural glories were possible because of the size and wealth of the city, the same factors that necessitated and made possible the extensive water system of the city. In contrast, Morgantina was built inland, on a ridge at the juncture of the Catania plain with the plateaus of the center of Sicily. This ridge stands 578 to 656 meters above sea level, higher by 300 to 350 meters than the valleys to the north and south, but lower than the site of the nearest modern town, Aidone (885 meters), about 3 kilometers away. Morgantina began as a prehistoric settlement of migrant tribes from Italy whose king, Merges, gave his name to the city. The earliest Sikel settlement was on Cittadella, the easternmost wedge of the ridge, during the archaic period, no later than the sixth century.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A PROTECTIVE FOREST BELT ON SNOW DEPOSITION IN UNPAK LNAU " KOLOS»

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Olesya Gribacheva ◽  
Aleksey Chernodubov ◽  
Dmitriy Sotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Minimum Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

The authors in this article reviewed and analyzed works that consider the features of the distribution of snow cover under the influence of field protection belts. The aim of the work is to study the influence of forest shelter belts on snow accumulation depending on the climatic conditions of the city of Lugansk. The research was carried out in the city of Lugansk, on the basis of the educational and production agricultural complex "Kolos" of the Lugansk national agrarian university (UNPAK LNAU "Kolos"). The object of research is forest shelter belts of openwork-blown structure. A VS-43 snow meter was used to measure the mass of the snow cover. The depth of the snow cover was measured with a portable snow gauge M-104. The density of the snow mass and the water reserve in the sample were calculated mathematically. The authors found that the average height of snow cover on the windward side of the shelter belt is from 6.00 to 10.25 cm and the sample weight is from 33.50 to 68.75 grams. The data obtained indicate that more snow accumulates on the leeward side of the field protection strip than on the windward side. The minimum height of the snow cover on the windward side is 3 cm, and the maximum is 9 cm. Whereas the minimum height of the snow cover on the leeward side is 10 cm, and the maximum is 17 cm. The authors emphasize that as a result falling out of common ash from the strip, there is a tendency of transformation of the strip from openwork-blown to blown, when the height of the snow cover rarely exceeds 1 m and snow is blown out from under the canopy of the forest belt.

The impact of a mega-event on city branding: The European Capital of Culture 2010 and the image of Istanbul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinç Doğan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
World City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Symbolic Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships. 

Tourism Development in the South Pacific: The Cases of Nauru and Tuvalu

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Towner ◽  
Semisi Taumoepeau
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Processing Centre ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tuvalu and Nauru are isolated developing island nations located in the South Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the established larger Pacific destinations such as Fiji and Tahiti, the tourism industries on both Tuvalu and Nauru are in their infancy. Tourism development in these remote island nations faces a myriad of challenges which include a lack of infrastructure, environmental susceptibility, economic vulnerability, difficulties with access and considerable distances from major tourist markets. This paper reviews tourism on Tuvalu and Nauru and evaluates their current situation regarding potential tourism development through workshops with relevant stakeholders, surveys and subsequent SWOT analysis. The results of the paper outlined a large number of challenges faced by Tuvalu and Nauru due to their geographic location but also highlighted that both Islands possess fascinating and unique features that have the potential to attract niche tourism markets. A key finding of this paper is that the tourism stimulus or potential attraction can also be the chief threat to the islands’ economic survival hence the two edges of the sword. Further research is required to assess the effect of the withdrawal of the Refugee Processing Centre on Nauru’s economy and to evaluate the impact of climate change on Tuvalu’s society and potential adaption strategies.

Productivity of corn hybrids of different fao groups depending on microfertilizers and growth stimulants under irrigation in the south of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
O. Hozh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

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