scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS ON THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH AND THEIR MINIMIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Manokhin ◽  
M. V. Manokhin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The paper considers the emissions of pollutants from road transport, in the total air pollution they make up 70 % on the example of a particular metropolis. The highway is considered as a linear source consisting of single point sources of pollution. Special attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase. It is determined that when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) exhaust gas components. The variability of the traffic flow density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory because of three-year monitoring were established. It is proposed to place accounting points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period [11]. The simulation of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase air pollutants of roadside territories is carried out. The model of diffusive displacements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants. The choice is implemented and the method of studying the level of dustiness of motor transport roads is recommended, which allows fixing dust particles from 0.1 microns to 250 microns in the air. An algorithm of an improved system for monitoring the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential zone is proposed. [16]. To minimize the emission of suspended substances, a two-stage emission purification system consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorber is proposed.

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

scholarly journals Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Jacek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

scholarly journals Pollution of urbanized territories by motor transport using the example of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alani

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zaalishvili ◽  
Aleksandr Kanukov ◽  
Ketevan Korbesova
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Stationary Sources

According to numerous studies, even with a relatively low level of exposure to adverse environmental factors, risk of health deterioration may occur. Both the amount of harmful emissions and their chemical composition directly affect the level of air pollution. The article considers the issues of environmental pollution of an urbanized area by automobile exhausts. The most polluted city is Vladikavkaz that is the capital of the Republic. There the main stationary sources of pollution are located and the largest number of vehicles is concentrated. The dynamics of increasing the number of vehicles in the city of Vladikavkaz over the past 10 years and a corresponding increase in harmful emissions from combustion products are shown. For the same period of time, the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from stationary sources has been considered in order to compare their contribution to total pollution compared to road transport. Based on the explorations, it is shown that the main source of pollution in terms of emissions in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is road transport. The number of vehicles is increasing year after year, amid a decrease in total emissions of pollutants from stationary sources.

scholarly journals Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Jānis Kleperis ◽  
Biruta Sloka ◽  
Justs Dimants ◽  
Ilze Dimanta ◽  
Jānis Kleperis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
City Council ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The City

Abstract The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles. From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Road Traffic on the Pollution of Urbanized Territories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
А.С. Кануков ◽  
К.В. Корбесова
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Stationary Sources

Экономическое развитие всех регионов основано на доступе людей к товарам и услугам, которые обеспечиваются современной транспортной инфраструктурой. Автомобильный транспорт является основным способом транспортировки грузов и населения. В то же время положительные аспекты использования транспорта тесно связаны с такими негативными аспектами, как загрязнение окружающей среды и отрицательным влиянием на здоровье человека. На территории Республики Северная Осетия - Алания наибольший вклад в загрязнение окружающей среды вносит деятельность предприятий цветной металлургии и автотранспорта. Более 30 предприятий находится в промышленном узле г. Владикавказа, и их деятельность в той или иной мере связана с загрязнением атмосферного воздуха. Значительный вклад в загрязнение воздуха вносит автотранспорт, количество которого в г. Владикавказе, по данным Федеральной службы государственной статистики, за последние 20 лет увеличилось более чем в 2 раза. Цель исследования. Изучение основных источников загрязнения окружающей среды автомобильным транспортом, исследование взаимосвязей между уровнем загрязнения среды, интенсивностью движения и экологическим классом автомобильного транспорта. Установление показателя загрязнения окружающей среды автомобильным транспортом, характеризующего степень воздействия на окружающую среду и здоровье населения. Методы исследования. В ходе настоящей работы были собраны и проанализированы все имеющиеся данные по динамике объемов выбросов от стационарных источников и автотранспорта на территории РСО-А за 1997–2015 гг. Указанные данные обрабатывались с помощью корреляционного и регрессионного анализов. Результаты работы. Результаты исследований позволили установить, что прослеживается прямая зависимость или тренд между плотностью потока машин и загрязнением воздушной среды. Установлено, что выбросы от автомобильного транспорта на порядок превосходят стационарные источники. Предложен суммарный показатель Zатм загрязнения атмосферного воздуха, рассчитываемый как сумма отношений концентрации отдельных загрязнителей к соответствующим значениям ПДК за вычетом количества используемых показателей. The economic development of any country is based on the access of population to goods and services that are provided by modern transport infrastructure. Currently, road transport is the most common way of transporting goods and people. At the same time, the positive aspects of using transport are closely related to such negative aspects as environmental pollution and negative impact on public health. On the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the largest contribution to environmental pollution is made by the activities of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises and vehicles. More than 30 enterprises are located in the industrial hub of the city of Vladikavkaz, and their activities to one degree or another are associated with atmospheric air pollution. A significant contribution to air pollution is made by motor vehicles.Their number in Vladikavkaz has more than doubled over the past 20 years, according to the Federal State Statistics Service. Aim. Study of the main sources of pollution of an urbanized area by road transport. The research and identification of the relationship between the level of environmental pollution, traffic intensity and the ecological class of road transport and the establishment of an indicator of environmental pollution by road transport, characterizing the degree of impact on the environment and safety of the population. Methods. In the course of this study, all the available data on the dynamics of emissions from stationary sources and vehicles on the territory of North Ossetia-A for 1997–2015 were collected and analyzed. These data were processed using correlation and regression analyzes. Results.The research results made it possible to establish that there is a direct relationship or trend between the flow density of cars and air pollution. It was found that emissions from road transport exceed stationary sources by an order of magnitude. A total indicator Zatm of atmospheric air pollution is proposed, calculated as the sum of the ratios of the concentration of individual pollutants to the corresponding MPC values minus the number of indicators used.

scholarly journals Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14579-14591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Miriam Elser ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. In the present study, a persistent heavy haze episode from 13 to 20 January 2014 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) is simulated using the WRF-CHEM model through ensemble simulations to investigate impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation. Model results show that uncertainties in meteorological conditions substantially influence the aerosol constituent simulations at an observation site in Beijing, and the ratio of the ensemble spread to the ensemble mean (RESM) exceeds 50 %. The ensemble mean generally preforms well in reproducing the fine particles' (PM2.5) temporal variations and spatial distributions against measurements in BTH. The meteorological uncertainties do not alter the PM2.5 distribution pattern in BTH principally or dominate the haze formation and development, but remarkably affect the simulated PM2.5 level, and the RESM for the simulated PM2.5 concentrations can be up to 30 % at the regional scale. In addition, the rather large RESM in PM2.5 simulations at the city scale also causes difficulties in evaluation of the control strategies. Therefore, our results suggest that the ensemble simulation is imperative to take into account the impact of the meteorological uncertainties on the haze prediction.

scholarly journals Dispersion Characteristics of PM10 Particles Identified by Numerical Simulation in the Vicinity of Roads Passing through Various Types of Urban Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Pospisil ◽  
Jiri Huzlik ◽  
Roman Licbinsky ◽  
Michal Spilacek
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Impact

The dispersion of particulate matter emitted by road transport to the vicinity of roads is predominantly influenced by the character of the air velocity field. The air flow depends on factors such as the speed and direction of the blowing wind, the movement of cars, and the geometries of the buildings around a road. Numerical modeling based on the control volume method was used in this study to describe the relevant processes closely. Detailed air velocity fields were identified in the vicinity of a straight road surrounded by various patterns of built-up urban land. The evaluation of the results was generalized to exponential expressions, affecting the decrease of the mass concentration of fine particles with the increasing distance from the road. The obtained characteristics of the mass concentration fields express the impact of the building geometries and configurations on the dispersion of particulate matter into the environment. These characteristics are presented for two wind speeds, namely, 2 m·s−1 and 4 m·s−1. Furthermore, the characteristics are introduced in relation to three wind directions: perpendicularly, obliquely, and in parallel to the road. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with those obtained via the in-situ measurements, for verification of the validity of the linear emission source calculation.

scholarly journals Подъем пылевых частиц при воздействии лазерного излучения на хондритовую мишень и возможность моделирования плазменно-пылевых процессов у поверхности Луны

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
И.Н. Бурдонский ◽  
А.Г. Леонов ◽  
В.Н. Юфа ◽  
А.П. Голубь ◽  
С.И. Попель ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Experimental Modeling ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
The Impact

The results of the first study on experimental modeling of the rise of dust particles by a shock wave above a target surface, performed on the Saturn installation, are presented. The interaction of laser radiation with a porous chondritic target, the surface of which contains fine particles of talc, is investigated. The results of experimental modeling can be used to describe the rise of dust particles from zones of nonlinear and linear elastic deformations of the regolith material, which characterize the impact of the meteoroid on the surface of the Moon.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Soils and Road Dusts in Akure City, Southwest Nigeria: Ecological and Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi JohnPaul Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Expanded urbanization particularly in developing nations have as of late become a significant source of worry because of their adverse consequences on the environment. This study was conducted to determine the extent of pollution, sources, and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in Akure region, Nigeria's soils and street dusts. Thirty-four samples including 16 soils and street dusts samples each were gathered with two control samples gathered from a suburb a long way from the city. To collect fine particles, they were air dried and sieved. Chemical analysis of samples werecarried out utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) at Sustainable laboratory, a certified laboratory in Akure, Nigeria. Metals analysed were: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Contamination, ecological and health hazard evaluations were carried out utilizing universally acceptable indices. Potential sources were disentangle utilizing measurable technique like bivariate, factor and hierarchical cluster analyses. Results uncovered that the mean amount of Pb, Zn and Fe in street dusts were: 32.33 mg/kg, 72.53 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg separately while in soil tests it was 34.34 mg/kg, 67.76 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg. The examination further showed that metals particularly Cr present slight to high ecological dangers. Health hazard evaluation uncovered that the occupants of the area particularly kids are more inclined to non-cancer-causing health risks. Metals were mostly from anthropogenic sources. To reduce the impact of toxic metals in the city, it is proposed that ecological enactment and mindfulness be practiced.

scholarly journals The impact of ecological and socio-hygienic factors on the health status of children of school age

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 760-764
Author(s):  
Valery V. Vasilyev ◽  
M. V. Perekusikhin ◽  
Yu. V. Korochkina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Air Pollution Emissions

Negative trends in incidence rates of children and adolescents of the city of Penza are due to the influence of both environmental factors as well as the educational process. Hygienic trouble in the city of Penza determines air pollution emissions of road transport, as evidenced by the high levels of morbidity rate in children and adolescents. The priorities for the correction factors are conditions and the organization of nutrition, physical education. There are identified the most important lifestyle factors for senior pupils that need the solution.

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