How full is the glass? A perspective on women in medical leadership in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
F. Gigi Osler
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Recruitment Practices ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Medical Leadership

What do we really know about the representation of female physicians in medical leadership in Canada? Female representation on the current boards of the Canadian Medical Association and provincial/territorial medical associations is 23% and 40%, respectively. Identified barriers to female medical leadership include gendered organizational and workplace culture, gender bias, inflexible work practices, unequal childcare and domestic responsibilities, and biased performance assessment criteria and recruitment practices. Identified enablers include flexible tenure policies, systematic parental leave policies, greater inclusivity in the workplace, and formal mentorship structures. More has been written about the costs of leadership for female physicians rather than the benefits.

Physician Survey Regarding Patient Nonattendance at Follow-up Appointments at a University-Affiliated Medical Dermatology Clinic

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Eiman Nasseri ◽  
Janie Bertrand ◽  
Danielle Brassard ◽  
Geneviève Fortier-Riberdy ◽  
Isabelle Marcil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Centre Hospitalier ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Case Basis

Background: Patient nonattendance is a frequent occurrence in dermatology clinics, and our responsibility regarding the follow-up of these patients remains nebulous. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the beliefs and practices of physicians at a university-affiliated medical dermatology clinic regarding patient nonattendance at follow-up appointments and to provide an algorithm to deal appropriately with absentee patients based on various Canadian medical association guidelines. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the 17 dermatologists practicing at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal medical dermatology clinic. We contacted provincial and national medical associations regarding directives for patient follow-up. Results: There is a lack of consensus among dermatologists at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal regarding responsibility toward patients who miss their follow-up appointments. However, the majority of survey respondents consider that patient follow-up must be adjusted on a case-by-case basis and that diagnoses at risk for high morbidity and mortality require particular attention, which is in line with various Canadian medical association guidelines. Conclusion: Dermatologists should have a structured approach to dealing with patients who miss their follow-up appointments to ensure the appropriate care of all patients.

scholarly journals Gender, Soft Skills, and Patient Experience in Online Physician Reviews: A Large-Scale Text Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackary Dunivin ◽  
Lindsay Zadunayski ◽  
Ujjwal Baskota ◽  
Katie Siek ◽  
Jennifer Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Physician Reviews

BACKGROUND Online physician reviews are an important source of information for prospective patients. In addition, they represent an untapped resource for studying the effects of gender on the doctor-patient relationship. Understanding gender differences in online reviews is important because it may impact the value of those reviews to patients. Documenting gender differences in patient experience may also help to improve the doctor-patient relationship. This is the first large-scale study of physician reviews to extensively investigate gender bias in online reviews or offer recommendations for improvements to online review systems to correct for gender bias and aid patients in selecting a physician. OBJECTIVE This study examines 154,305 reviews from across the United States for all medical specialties. Our analysis includes a qualitative and quantitative examination of review content and physician rating with regard to doctor and reviewer gender. METHODS A total of 154,305 reviews were sampled from Google Place reviews. Reviewer and doctor gender were inferred from names. Reviews were coded for overall patient experience (negative or positive) by collapsing a 5-star scale and coded for general categories (process, positive/negative soft skills), which were further subdivided into themes. Computational text processing methods were employed to apply this codebook to the entire data set, rendering it tractable to quantitative methods. Specifically, we estimated binary regression models to examine relationships between physician rating, patient experience themes, physician gender, and reviewer gender). RESULTS Female reviewers wrote 60% more reviews than men. Male reviewers were more likely to give negative reviews (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.19; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Reviews of female physicians were considerably more negative than those of male physicians (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.94-2.14; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Soft skills were more likely to be mentioned in the reviews written by female reviewers and about female physicians. Negative reviews of female doctors were more likely to mention candor (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42-1.82; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and amicability (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.90; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Disrespect was associated with both female physicians (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.51; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and female reviewers (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Female patients were less likely to report disrespect from female doctors than expected from the base ORs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.32; <i>P</i>=.008), but this effect overrode only the effect for female reviewers. CONCLUSIONS This work reinforces findings in the extensive literature on gender differences and gender bias in patient-physician interaction. Its novel contribution lies in highlighting gender differences in online reviews. These reviews inform patients’ choice of doctor and thus affect both patients and physicians. The evidence of gender bias documented here suggests review sites may be improved by providing information about gender differences, controlling for gender when presenting composite ratings for physicians, and helping users write less biased reviews.

scholarly journals Women in Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Katerina Wells ◽  
James W. Fleshman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe role of a surgeon is inherently that of a leader and as women become a larger minority in surgical specialties, the next step becomes greater representation of women in positions of surgical leadership. Leadership is a relationship of granting and claiming wherein society must accept that women are deserving of leadership and women must realize their rightfulness to lead. Implicit gender bias undermines this relationship by perpetuating traditional gender norms of women as followers and not as leaders. Though female representation in academia and leadership has increased over the past few decades, this process is unacceptably slow, in part due to manifestations of implicit bias including discrimination within academia, pay inequality, and lack of societal support for childbearing and childcare. The women who have achieved leadership roles are testament to woman's rightfulness to lead and their presence serves to encourage other young professional women that success is possible despite these challenges.

Gender Equity in Medical Leadership

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Lizzie Chandra ◽  
Candice L. Downey ◽  
Hafdis S. Svavarsdottir ◽  
Helen Skinner ◽  
Alastair L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Medical Leadership

Female representation in medicine is increasing, however women make up only a small percentage of senior roles in the NHS. Only 36% of consultants are female with wide variation between specialties ranging from 12% of surgeons to over half of paediatricians, gynaecologists, and directors of public health. Women comprise 77% of the NHS workforce and account for 44% of chief executives of all NHS Trusts and 47% of executive directors. This chapter analyses the role of women as leaders within the medical world and compares the representation of women in senior leadership roles within medicine and other parallel, male-dominated working environments. Alternative forms of leadership such as mentoring, coaching, and sponsorship are also considered.

scholarly journals 3515 Readability of online patient education materials on gynecologic malignancies from major medical associations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
David Samuel ◽  
Nicole Vilardo ◽  
Sara Isani ◽  
Gregory Gressel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Gynecologic Malignancy ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Cancer Coalition ◽  
Grade Reading Level

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Patients are increasingly using online materials to learn about gynecologic cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that 85-96% of patients with a gynecologic malignancy utilize the Internet as a health resource. Providers can refer patients to educational materials produced by major medical associations available on their websites. However, patient educational materials (PEMs) published by professional organizations from other surgical specialties have been shown to be difficult to read for the average American. The NIH and AMA recommend that PEMs be written between a sixth and eighth grade reading level. In this study, we assess the readability of online PEMs on gynecologic cancer published by major medical associations. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Seven national medical association websites with PEMs on gynecologic malignancy were surveyed: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Center for Disease Control, Foundation for Women’s Cancer, National Cancer Institute, National Cervical Cancer Coalition, National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, and Society of Gynecologic Oncology. Online PEMs were identified and analyzed using five validated readability indices. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were performed to detect differences in readability between publishers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty PEMs were included in this analysis. Mean readability grade levels with standard deviation were: 11.3 (2.8) for Coleman-Liau index; 11.8 (3.2) for Flesch-Kincaid; 11.1 (1.2) for FORCAST formula; 12.5 (2.7) for Gunning FOG formula; 12.1 (2.6) for New Dale-Chall formula; and 13.5 (2.5) for SMOG formula. Overall, PEMs were written at a mean 12th grade reading level. Only 4.3% of articles were written at an 8th grade reading level or below. ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in readability between publishing associations (p<0.01). PEMs from the Center for Disease Control had a mean 10th grade reading level and were significantly lower than all other organizations. PEMs from The Foundation for Women’s Cancer had a mean 13th grade reading level and were significantly higher than most other organizations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Gynecologic oncology PEMs available from major medical association are written well above the recommended sixth to eight grade reading level. Simplifying PEMs may improve patient understanding of their disease and facilitate physician-patient communication.

scholarly journals Establishing Paid Parental Leave for Male and Female Physicians

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Gottlieb ◽  
B. Star Hampton ◽  
Joanna M. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

scholarly journals Gender, Soft Skills, and Patient Experience in Online Physician Reviews: A Large-Scale Text Analysis

10.2196/14455 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e14455
Author(s):  
Zackary Dunivin ◽  
Lindsay Zadunayski ◽  
Ujjwal Baskota ◽  
Katie Siek ◽  
Jennifer Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Physician Reviews

Background Online physician reviews are an important source of information for prospective patients. In addition, they represent an untapped resource for studying the effects of gender on the doctor-patient relationship. Understanding gender differences in online reviews is important because it may impact the value of those reviews to patients. Documenting gender differences in patient experience may also help to improve the doctor-patient relationship. This is the first large-scale study of physician reviews to extensively investigate gender bias in online reviews or offer recommendations for improvements to online review systems to correct for gender bias and aid patients in selecting a physician. Objective This study examines 154,305 reviews from across the United States for all medical specialties. Our analysis includes a qualitative and quantitative examination of review content and physician rating with regard to doctor and reviewer gender. Methods A total of 154,305 reviews were sampled from Google Place reviews. Reviewer and doctor gender were inferred from names. Reviews were coded for overall patient experience (negative or positive) by collapsing a 5-star scale and coded for general categories (process, positive/negative soft skills), which were further subdivided into themes. Computational text processing methods were employed to apply this codebook to the entire data set, rendering it tractable to quantitative methods. Specifically, we estimated binary regression models to examine relationships between physician rating, patient experience themes, physician gender, and reviewer gender). Results Female reviewers wrote 60% more reviews than men. Male reviewers were more likely to give negative reviews (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.19; P<.001). Reviews of female physicians were considerably more negative than those of male physicians (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.94-2.14; P<.001). Soft skills were more likely to be mentioned in the reviews written by female reviewers and about female physicians. Negative reviews of female doctors were more likely to mention candor (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42-1.82; P<.001) and amicability (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.90; P<.001). Disrespect was associated with both female physicians (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.51; P<.001) and female reviewers (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35; P<.001). Female patients were less likely to report disrespect from female doctors than expected from the base ORs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.32; P=.008), but this effect overrode only the effect for female reviewers. Conclusions This work reinforces findings in the extensive literature on gender differences and gender bias in patient-physician interaction. Its novel contribution lies in highlighting gender differences in online reviews. These reviews inform patients’ choice of doctor and thus affect both patients and physicians. The evidence of gender bias documented here suggests review sites may be improved by providing information about gender differences, controlling for gender when presenting composite ratings for physicians, and helping users write less biased reviews.

scholarly journals Limited Progress in Improving Gender and Geographic Representation in Coral Reef Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabby N. Ahmadia ◽  
Samantha H. Cheng ◽  
Dominic A. Andradi-Brown ◽  
Stacy K. Baez ◽  
Megan D. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Over Time

Despite increasing recognition of the need for more diverse and equitable representation in the sciences, it is unclear whether measurable progress has been made. Here, we examine trends in authorship in coral reef science from 1,677 articles published over the past 16 years (2003–2018) and find that while representation of authors that are women (from 18 to 33%) and from non-OECD nations (from 4 to 13%) have increased over time, progress is slow in achieving more equitable representation. For example, at the current rate, it would take over two decades for female representation to reach 50%. Given that there are more coral reef non-OECD countries, at the current rate, truly equitable representation of non-OECD countries would take even longer. OECD nations also continue to dominate authorship contributions in coral reef science (89%), in research conducted in both OECD (63%) and non-OECD nations (68%). We identify systemic issues that remain prevalent in coral reef science (i.e., parachute science, gender bias) that likely contribute to observed trends. We provide recommendations to address systemic biases in research to foster a more inclusive global science community. Adoption of these recommendations will lead to more creative, innovative, and impactful scientific approaches urgently needed for coral reefs and contribute to environmental justice efforts.

Women in pediatric neurosurgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eylem Ocal ◽  
Eliana E. Kim ◽  
Milagros Niquen-Jimenez ◽  
Gleice Salibe de Oliveira ◽  
Souad Bakhti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Neurosurgical Training ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
The World

Pediatric neurosurgery is an ever-evolving field, and at the heart of it are talented and hardworking neurosurgeons who harness technology and research to enhance the standard of neurosurgical care for children. Recent studies have found that female neurosurgeons tend to choose a career focused on pediatric neurosurgery more than other subspecialties. However, the achievements and contributions of women in pediatric neurosurgery are not well known. To address this, an international working group of pediatric neurosurgeons was established from the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) group and Pediatric Neurosurgery Committee. The working group reviewed the current literature and collected information through personal communications with the global WINS network. Despite the increasing number of women entering neurosurgical training, the number of female pediatric neurosurgeons is still a mere handful worldwide. In this article, the authors summarize the current status of female pediatric neurosurgeons across the globe, highlighting their achievements as well as the gender bias and challenges that they face at every level of progression of their career. A better organized pediatric neurosurgery workforce, with more female representation and mentorship, would encourage future generations of diverse genders toward a career in this field.

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