scholarly journals 8.6. РАННЕЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В ТРЕТЬЕМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
I.S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
I.S. Pinkovetskaia
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation

В связи с изменением пенсионного возраста в Российской Федерации значимость предпринимательства в третьем возрасте будет повышаться. Целью статьи является анализ особенностей, закономерностей и тенденций, которые характеризуют раннее предпринимательство населения в третьем возрасте. Создание своих бизнесов может использоваться гражданами для продления трудовой жизни, улучшения финансового положения по сравнению с наемным трудом, отсрочки выхода на пенсию. В статье представлен анализ литературы по проблеме ранней предпринимательской активности в экономически развитых странах.Due to the change in the retirement age in Russia, the importance of entrepreneurship in the third age will increase. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the features, patterns and trends that characterize the early entrepreneurship of the population in the third age. The creation of their enterprises can be used by citizens to extend working life, improve the financial situation compared to wage labor, delay retirement. The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the problem of early entrepreneurial activity in economically developed countries.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in the third age: data from Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
I. S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
Y. V. Nuretdinova ◽  
A. A. Navasardyan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Official Information

The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of early entrepreneurial activity in the third age, to assess the dynamics of its change in recent years in Russia and the projected values for the future. The study examined the advantages and disadvantages of early entrepreneurship in the age group, estimated its levels for the period from 2013 to 2018, compared business activity in Russia and a number of large economically developed countries, and proposed a forecast of the potential number of start-up entrepreneurs, taking into account current trends. The results of surveys conducted during the Global monitoring of entrepreneurship and the corresponding national report on Russia, as well as official information from the Federal state statistics service, reflecting the population size by age groups and demographic forecast, were used as initial data for the study.

The third age: class, cohort or generation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS GILLEARD ◽  
PAUL HIGGS
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
The Third

In this paper we consider some of the ways that the third age can be thought about and studied. Taking the work of Peter Laslett as our key source, we explore his ‘aspirational’ approach toward redefining post-working life and look at some of its limitations as both definition and explanation. There is a need for a more sociologically informed approach to the third age, and we outline three potentially important structures that might better explain it – class, birth cohort, and generation. Whilst it might seem attractive to see the third age as a class-determined status, based on the material and social advantages accruing to people who have retired from well-paid positions in society, the historical period in which the third age has emerged makes this explanation less than adequate. Equally a cohort-based explanation, locating the third age in the ‘ageing’ of the birth cohort known as the baby boom generation, fails fully to capture the pervasiveness and irreversibility of the cultural change that has shaped not just one but a sequence of cohorts beginning with those born in the years just before World War II. Instead, we argue for a generational framework in understanding the third age, drawing upon Mannheim rather than Marx as the more promising guide in this area.

scholarly journals Adaptation Potential of Teachers of the Third Age in the Conditions of Higher Education Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Shuklina ◽  
M. V. Pevnaya ◽  
E. A. Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Social Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian Higher Education ◽  
High Level

Introduction. In many countries around the world, the increase in life expectancy leads to significant social transformations. Institutional structures, social protection policies and legislation on the life and employment of older citizens are being changed today. In Russian higher education, more than a third of professional community belongs to the group of teachers of the third (pre-retirement and retirement) age. The modernisation of this area and the raising of the retirement age will make it possible to study the peculiarities of this group of faculty members as a reserve of the vocational training system.The aim of the present article is to characterise the adaptive potential of social community of teachers of the third age in the context of the transformation of higher education.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the article is based on the set of general scientific approaches: communal, comparative, institutional, resource. The first method provides an opportunity to consider teachers of the third age as a social community with their own specific features. The comparative approach is used to see specific features in dynamics (on the materials of official statistics) and to compare them with similar characteristics of teachers of other age groups. The institutional and resource approaches are aimed at identifying adaptive abilities of teachers of the third age against the background of current restructuring processes in higher education. The article is based on the materials of research projects conducted in 2017–2019 and on a mass survey of teachers. The general population consisted of 51 universities of the Ural Federal District. The volume of the sample of teachers is 810 people.Results and scientific novelty. The study showed that teachers of the third age are characterised by a high level of adaptation to changes in higher education. They successfully fulfill themselves in scientific and pedagogical activities. They are characterised by relatively high publication and grant activities, realisation of new educational forms and high motivation and readiness to improve their com petencies and qualifications. At the same time, teachers of the third age estimate their social security in the professional sphere as extremely low. This community is characterised by a high level of criticality in relation to the implemented institutional changes in the field of higher education, which is based on a socially mature responsibility formed within their professional activities for the consequences of decisions taken.Practical significance. The research undertaken demonstrates the stereotype inadequacy concerning non-adaptability of third-age university teachers to technological, content and organisational innovations. Moreover, teachers of the third age are a significant factor in the sustainable development of universities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop management models and create institutional conditions for maximum use of human capital of third-age teachers, whose peculiarities, needs and opportunities in the system of Russian higher education are inadequately taken into account today.

scholarly journals Barriers to Employment

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Skill Shortages

The 'baby boomers' are now approaching their 'third age' with many people able to live fit, active, healthy lives well beyond that experienced by previous generations. The 'third age' supposedly a time to take up new challenges, or explore new directions, has become possible through life span gains resulting from health and technological advances. For many who are approaching or now in their 'third age', however, the opportunity to continue working appears to be a risk. While it is now possible for 'third agers' to be active in the workforce up to and well beyond the previous retirement age, many older workers experience barriers to remaining in or returning to the workforce. This   research, based on semi-structured interviews with eleven employers, identifies three main themes that are perceptual, cultural and developmental barriers to 'third age' workforce participation. Each of these themes has developed around the changes that have occurred since many 'third agers' began work. At the same time employers are experiencing skill shortages that are predicted to continue and increase in the future. If employers are to maximise their potential workforce and meet the challenges of the ageing population, diversification of their workforce to include all ages will be necessary.

scholarly journals Wydłużenie aktywności zawodowej czy przejście na emeryturę? Studium mikroekonomiczne

2014 ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wiktorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Individual Decisions

The ageing of societies has recently become one the most important phenomena shaping social policy in Poland and other developed countries. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that ageing should not be perceived only in terms of threats. Silver economy, age management, and lifelong learning are the notions that become acknowledged by various labour market and social policy stakeholders. The rationale behind these ideas is to make the best use of the potential of people around the retirement, in line with the life cycle concept, but also of new social needs that arise with an increasing proportion of people aged 50+ in the society, and with considerably improving quality of their lives. The discussion presented in the article is limited to problems in extending working life of Poles. The aim of this paper is analysis of the factors influencing the extension of the working life in Poland, from an individual perspective, i.e. by looking at the reasons of individual decisions of people close to the retirement age. The article is both theoretical and empirical in nature, presenting a review of studies including the support for the economic activity of “older” workers, coupled with the outcomes of a statistical analysis carried out in the project „Equal opportunities in the labour market for people aged 50+”.

scholarly journals PROBLEM ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE LEGAL INSTITUTE OF CONSOLIDATED TAXPAYERS’ GROUPS IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Irina Glazunova
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Moment

The subject. The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the emergence and essential characteristics of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia and abroad, revealing of advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of the creation and operation of consolidated groups of payers of corporate profits tax, analyzing results and directions of the development of tax consolidation in Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia with the establishment of prospects of tax consolidation and the likely directions of its development.The description of the problem field. The development of the world economic system stimulates the emergence of new forms of management, characterized by the enlargement of busi-ness, the pooling of resources of individual enterprises into a single system in order to optimize entrepreneurial activity. These trends are reflected in the development of tax systems of various countries, that is expressed in the formation of institutions of consolidated taxpayers’ groups. Tax consolidation in Russia is a relatively new phenomenon, and it seems necessary to examine this institution from the law enforcement point of view, to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods and methodology. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical methods of investigation.Results and the scope of its application. The authors note that the institution of tax consolidation today is presented in the tax systems of most modern countries.The practice of applying the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups testifies to the existence of a significant number of advantages and disadvantages of tax consolidation in Russia. The moratorium on the creation of consolidated taxpayers’ groups, due to the contradictory nature of their influence on the structure of regional budgets, the main directions of the tax policy of Russia testify to the forthcoming reform of tax consolidation in Russia.Conclusions. The emergence of the institution of tax consolidation is a natural consequence of the development of the world economy. Most developed countries of the world actively introduce elements of consolidation into taxation systems, successfully providing a balance between the positive and negative consequences of its implementation. Meanwhile, the level of preparation and implementation of tax consolidation in Russia at the moment is not high enough, so the institution requires a consistent reform.

scholarly journals Correlates and Predictors of Self-Assessments of Health and Physical Fitness Among Female Participants of University of the Third Age Classes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Krynicki ◽  
Monika Guszkowska ◽  
Ewa Kozdroń ◽  
Ewa Niedzielska ◽  
Joanna Piotrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Objective Indicators

Abstract Introduction. We tested how female University of the Third Age (U3A) attendees evaluated their health, physical fitness, and satisfaction with health. We also examined various factors potentially underlying those self-assessments, that is objective indicators of health and physical fitness, their potential determinants (age and financial situation), and potential modifiers of self-assessment (mood, perceptive ability, and education). Material and methods. A total of 116 female participants attending U3A classes in Warsaw aged 50-88 years evaluated their health and fitness on a 100-level visual scale and their satisfaction with their health on a five-level Likert scale. Each participant completed the UWIST mood adjective checklist (UMACL) by Matthews, Chamberlain, and Jones and Yesavage’s geriatric depression scale, underwent the Fullerton fitness test, a hand grip strength test, Romberg’s test, and Ciechanowicz and Stanczyk’s attention and perception test, as well as filling out a specially designed questionnaire. Results. Self-assessments of health were found to correlate with aggravated symptoms of depression and certain components of physical fitness, but not with age or financial situation. Self-assessments of physical fitness, in turn, were strongly correlated with objective indicators of physical health and depression and less strongly with dexterity test results. General satisfaction levels, in turn, were found to be associated with long-term conditions, aggravated symptoms of depression, and financial situation. Conclusions. Overall, our results confirm that self-assessments are a moderately accurate indicator of the general health and physical fitness of elderly people: they correlated to a certain degree with more objective indicators of health/fitness but were influenced by modifying factors, particularly cognitive ones.

Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

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