scholarly journals The Development of Science and Technology Councils for Members of Congress

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Finseth ◽  
Lindsay Milliken ◽  
Tricia White ◽  
Michael Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Source Of Information

Policy decisions should be informed by science, but legislators and their teams have limited capacity to connect with evidence-based resources and the expert community. By strengthening ties between science and policy, these two domains can be more readily integrated when making policy decisions. We established a process for building science and technology councils for Members of Congress, which function as a platform for scientists and legislators to engage. Legislators were selected by gauging the potential for objective, nonpartisan information from scientists to inform their work, as well as their offices’ prioritization of science policy issues. Experts with deep knowledge of these scientific issues were vetted, recruited, and appointed to the councils, and Members of Congress were connected to their designated councils. This bridging of science and policy demonstrates a platform that scientists can utilize to communicate objective, policy-relevant research and analysis as a trusted source of information, leading to more scientifically informed policy decision-making.

Taking a policy process approach to illuminate the political nature of disability policymaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Giordono
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Background: In an era of increased polarisation, identity politics and growing reliance on using evidence to make disability policy decisions – evidence-based policymaking – how much do we know about the process by which disability policy decisions are made and the use of evidence therein?Aims and objectives: The objective of this Practice Paper is to introduce key policy process frameworks, highlight connections between models of disability and the policy process, and identify opportunities for disability scholars, analysts and advocates to use a policy process approach.Key conclusions: Wider use of policy process frameworks can enhance our understanding of the political nature of the disability policy decision-making process and conditions that influence how evidence is used to inform disability policy.<br />Key Messages<br /><ul><li>A policy process approach to research can enhance our understanding of the political nature of disability policy decision making;</li><br /><li>Policy process frameworks are compatible with a variety of disability models;</li><br /><li>Disability-focused policy process studies offer an opportunity for scholars, analysts and advocates to improve our understanding of disability policy and the use of evidence in policymaking.</li></ul>

Domestic Political Incentives, Congressional Support, and U.S. Mediation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-366
Author(s):  
James P. Todhunter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Mediation Processes

Abstract Powerful states have numerous resources that can be mobilized in mediation processes. However, evidence suggests that such states are not more likely to be successful than other mediators. This article examines U.S. mediations through the lens of foreign policy decision making and argues that leaders make foreign policy decisions primarily with their domestic consequences in mind. Further, it contends that presidential administrations seek to build a record of success in order to improve their domestic political fortunes based on the policy options available to them. The study tests two explanations of foreign policy substitution based on domestic conditions and institutional configurations, the “party cover” and “policy availability” arguments, for U.S. mediations from 1945–1999. Results for the party cover argument are more robust, suggesting that domestic conditions play an important role in the decision to engage in mediation and imply that successful mediation is secondary to domestic politics.

Modeling Foreign Policy Decision Making

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136, 138
Author(s):  
RICHARD L. MERRITT
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Decision Making

A CAS Approach to Public Policy Decision Making

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda H. Eoyang ◽  
Lois Yellowthunder ◽  
Vic Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Three Looks at German Foreign Policy before September 11: A Landscape Shifts

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Karen Donfried
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Foreign Policy ◽  
State University ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Monetary Cooperation ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Eu

Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, Germany’s New Foreign Policy: Decision-Making in an Independent World (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001)Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany & European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Matthias Kaelberer, Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)

scholarly journals The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 epidemic growth in the 37 OECD member states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Pozo-Martin ◽  
Heide Weishaar ◽  
Florin Cristea ◽  
Johanna Hanefeld ◽  
Thurid Bahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Member States ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe estimated the impact of a comprehensive set of non-pharmeceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic growth rate across the 37 member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and between October and December 2020. For this task, we conducted a data-driven, longitudinal analysis using a multilevel modelling approach with both maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation. We found that during the early phase of the epidemic: implementing restrictions on gatherings of more than 100 people, between 11 and 100 people, and 10 people or less was associated with a respective average reduction of 2.58%, 2.78% and 2.81% in the daily growth rate in weekly confirmed cases; requiring closing for some sectors or for all but essential workplaces with an average reduction of 1.51% and 1.78%; requiring closing of some school levels or all school levels with an average reduction of 1.12% or 1.65%; recommending mask wearing with an average reduction of 0.45%, requiring mask wearing country-wide in specific public spaces or in specific geographical areas within the country with an average reduction of 0.44%, requiring mask-wearing country-wide in all public places or all public places where social distancing is not possible with an average reduction of 0.96%; and number of tests per thousand population with an average reduction of 0.02% per unit increase. Between October and December 2020 work closing requirements and testing policy were significant predictors of the epidemic growth rate. These findings provide evidence to support policy decision-making regarding which NPIs to implement to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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