The Czechoslovak Capital of West Germany: The Story of Peute Reederei

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555
Author(s):  
Jan Štemberk ◽  
Ivan Jakubec
Keyword(s):  
German Law ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
German Capital ◽  
A Company

There are numerous interesting topics pertaining to the economy of socialist Czechoslovakia that have not received sufficient attention in the secondary literature. One of these topics is the question of the capital penetration of socialist enterprises into Western (capitalist) Europe. In this essay, we examine the circumstances of the establishment and subsequent activities of the Peute Reederei company, which had both Czechoslovak and West German capital participation, based on a company archive which, however, has survived only in fragments. The company was established under West German law and had its headquarters in West Germany. Data on Peute Reederei were drawn from available unpublished and published archival materials, period and professional literature, and journalism, but we would above all like to express our gratitude to the private family archive of Mr. Rudolf Hurt (Hurt Archive), which provided the authors with archival materials concerning the Hamburg branch of the Czechoslovak Elbe-Oder Shipping Company.

Remarks at the Opening of the Symposium Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the German Law Journal – The German Law Journal as “Lived” Comparative Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318
Author(s):  
Russell A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
English Language ◽  
German Law ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Current Form ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
German Capital ◽  
Internet Publishing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

It is proper that we have come to Berlin to celebrate this remarkable transatlantic enterprise. It is true that the German Law Journal was born in Karlsruhe and that it emerged in its current form – as an online, monthly, peer-reviewed, English-language forum for commentary on developments in German, European and International law – at the University of Frankfurt. But one advantage of Internet publishing is the detailed information editors can gather on their readers, including the almost absurd statistic that tracks the frequency with which the German Law Journal website is accessed from each of Germany's Postleitzahl districts. Berlin is the right place for this event because we know from that data that the largest block of our German readers, by far, is based here in the German capital.

scholarly journals The edible fiddlehead—Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich fern)

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
P. von Aderkas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Wild Harvest ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
A Company

SynopsisMatteuccia struthiopteris is distributed throughout most of the boreal region of the northern hemisphere. It has been variously recorded as a vermifuge and an ingredient in beer manufacture as well as a food. Young leaves, alternatively known as croziers or fiddleheads, are picked before they have unfurled and are boiled or steamed and served as a hot vegetable. The market, between Malecite indian and colonists, developed in the Fredericton area of New Brunswick 200 years ago, following a particularly severe winter. The newly arrived United Empire Loyalists, having emigrated from the United States, were so short of food that by the spring of 1784, they were reduced to eating any sort of provender nature could supply. Specific mention is made of fiddleheads, which became a traditional spring vegetable in New Brunswick. This market spread into Maine in the United States, particularly into those areas bordering the St John River. The present market is still predominantly in New Brunswick, where the wild harvest is between 150–200 t/yr, a yield which is approximately four times the harvest in neighbouring Maine. Food companies process about one third of the crop. In Maine, this is done by a single canning company in Wilton, whereas in New Brunswick, tinned fiddleheads have largely been superseded by the frozen product which is the monopoly of a company working in Florenceville. In addition, Canadian companies have recently sprung up which export the fresh spring vegetable in refrigerated lorries to larger centres west of the province. These companies account for less than a quarter of the harvest. The remainder is sold from either roadside stands, or to a wholesaler who distributes them to outlets in the region. The harvest is still predominantly done by natives. Much greater detail of both harvest, food preparation, and economic history is given by von Aderkas (1984). It has recently come to the author's attention that crowns of M. struthiopteris are sold also as a garden ornamental. Over 5000 plants/yr are sold by one Ontario distributor alone. Estimates from other nurseries in West Germany and the United States which do the same trade are presently unavailable.

scholarly journals THE VERDICT IN KARLSRUHE: "LIFE IMPRISONMENT FOR THE BUTCHER FROM MINSK!»

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
A. P. Grakhotskiy
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
German Law ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
The Holocaust

The trial against Karlsruhe criminal police Secretary Adolf Rube, held in 1949, was the first trial in Germany, during which Nazi atrocities committed on the territory of Belarus were considered. By the example of this process, the paper attempts to identify the specifics of West Germany courts’ consideration of criminal cases related to the commission of Holocaust crimes in Eastern Europe. German law excluded the possibility of punishing Nazi criminals for genocide, crimes against peace and humanity. Guided by the norms of the German Criminal Code of 1871, German justice considered each case of murder of Jews during the years of national socialism as a separate crime, caused by personal motives. Based on this, A. Rube was punished not for participating in the state-organized, bureaucratically planned genocide of the Jewish people, but for committing separate, unrelated murders. The defendant, who was accused of killing 436 Jews in the Minsk ghetto, was found guilty of unlawfully depriving 27 people of their lives and sentenced to life imprisonment. However, in 1962 he was amnestied and was released. By presenting the Holocaust as a mosaic of individual, unrelated criminal acts, German justice maintained the illusion that "normal" Germans "knew nothing" about the mass extermination of Jews, that the Holocaust was solely the product of the Hitler’s actions, his fanatical entourage, and individual "pathological sadists," "sex maniacs," and "upstarts" such as A. Rube, who sought to assert themselves at the expense of Jewish victims.

scholarly journals Assessment of a shipping company image

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Исаев ◽  
Л.А. Исаева
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Concept Image ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Single View ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Buying In ◽  
A Company

Констатируется отсутствие в научной литературе единого взгляда на содержание понятия имидж судоходной компании , а также методику корректной оценки имиджа судоходной компании. Одной из основных причин такой ситуации является игнорирование достижений кибернетической антропологии, которая рассматривает человека (в частности, покупателя) как высокоразвитого биоробота, функционирующего на основании определенных программ (причем, как врожденных, так и приобретенных в процессе жизни), а также психопрограммистики и ее прикладного направления теории принятия решения о покупке в условиях рыночной конкуренции (эмоциональная теория продаж). Согласно эмоциональной теории продаж, на рынке в качестве объектов торговли выступают интегрированные продукты деятельности компании. Интегрированный продукт это комплекс микропродуктов (основных и сопутствующих), которые связаны друг с другом устойчивыми ассоциативными связями. При этом под основным микропродуктом понимается микропродукт, связанный с удовлетворением основной потребности покупателя, а под сопутствующим микропродуктом , микропродукт, связанный с удовлетворением сопутствующей потребности. Согласно психопрограммистики, имидж судоходной компании это эмоциональное отношение покупателя к совокупности интегрированных транспортных продуктов компании. В качестве ключевого показателя имиджа судоходной компании предлагается показатель относительной потребительской привлекательности усредненного интегрированного транспортного продукта данной судоходной компании. Речь идет об отношении потребительской привлекательности усредненного интегрированного продукта данной судоходной компании к потребительской привлекательности усредненных интегрированных продуктов компаний-конкурентов. При этом под потребительской привлекательностью интегрированного продукта понимается отношение его качества к цене. Разработана методика оценки имиджа малой судоходной компании, осуществляющей каботажные грузовые морские перевозки. There It is stated that the scientific literature does not have a single view on the content of the concept of image of a shipping company, as well as the methodology for correctly assessing the image of a shipping company. One of the main reasons for this situation is to ignore the achievements of cybernetic anthropology, which considers a person (in particular, a Abstract. It is stated that the scientific literature does not have a consensus on the content of the concept: image of a shipping company, as well as the methodology for correct assessment of a shipping company image. One of the main reasons for this situation is ignoring achievements of cybernetic anthropology, which considers a human (in particular, a buyer) as a highly developed biorobot, functioning on the basis of certain programs (both congenital and acquired in the process of life), as well as psychoprogramistics and its applied pattern - the theory of decision-making in buying in the conditions of market competition (emotional theory of sales). According to the emotional theory of sales, integrated products of the companys activity are acting as objects of trade on the market. An integrated product is a complex of microproducts (basic and ancillary) that are linked together by stable associative links. At the same time, basic microproduct refers to microproduct related to meeting the basic needs of the buyer, and ancillary microproduct refers to a microproduct related to meeting the ancillary need. According to psychoprogramming, image of a shipping company is an emotional attitude of a buyer to the aggregate of integrated transport products of a company. An indicator of the relative consumer appeal of the average integrated transport product of this shipping company is proposed as a key indicator of the image of a shipping company. We are talking about the relation of consumer appeal of the average integrated product of this shipping company to the consumer appeal of the average integrated product of competing companies. At the same time, the consumer appeal of an integrated product is realized as the ratio of its quality to price. A methodology has been developed for assessing the image of a small shipping company engaged in coastal freight shipping.

The expansion of West German capital and the founding of Euratom

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Deubner
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
International Market ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
West Germany ◽  
German Industry ◽  
The West ◽  
German State ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
German Capital ◽  
State Apparatus

In the mid 1950s, West German industry changed from being oriented primarily towards internal and West European reconstruction needs and the supply of coal and steel, to being more oriented towards the international market of finished goods. Whereas prewar and war-time technology had dominated production processes and products up until then, U.S. competition started to force advanced technologies like computers and atomic energy upon industry.Along with increased instability in the general political and economic situation of West Germany these changes contributed greatly to progressive differentiation within what had been a more homogenous industry structure and within the West German state apparatus.One important result of these new trends was the genesis of a foreign atomic policy, resulting in the founding of Euratom. Global versus European orientation, traditional versus “modern” industries, traditional liberal versus new interventionalist policies were joined in the issue and produced a highly ambivalent result. In the attempt to explain and interpret the case of Euratom in this context, theories of integration and of state are tested. The greatest explanatory power is conceded to modern Marxist theories which combine the concept of international dependency with a differentiated concept of relations between state and industry.

scholarly journals The Enterprise Social Media Relations Strategy: The Case of Maersk Line

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Agerdal-Hjermind
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Learn Strategy ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this article is to show and discuss how corporate social media usage is driven by people, not technology, and how the creation of a culture of participation on the part of a company, in this case the world’s largest container shipping company with 25,000 employees worldwide, Maersk Line (www.maerskline.com), requires a systematic, user-driven listen-and-learn strategy with a clear selection of purpose and social platform according to audience and topics. This effort needs to be continuously dedicated and aligned, focusing on which relationships the company wants to form.

The Management Board's permission to disclose Due Diligence Information Before a Corporate Acquisition in consideration of the Impact of the Act to Improve the Protection of Investors (Gesetz zur Verbesserung des Anlegerschutzes)

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
Maximilian Rittmeister
Keyword(s):  
German Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Target Company ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Stock Corporation ◽  
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

Prior to an acquisition of a stock corporation the purchasers often perform a due diligence at the target company. The due diligence is the examination of the company and can cover the legal, commercial, environmental, financial and fiscal matters of the company. Under US law it is the purchaser's duty to examine a company accurately since the risk of any deficiencies is on him. German law, in contrast, does not require the purchaser to examine the company he purchases. According to § 442 (1) sentence 2 of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch – BGB) the buyer does not have rights with respect to a defect, if he is unaware of this defect as a result of gross negligence on his part. While for some years now, the performance of due diligence prior to purchasing a company has become quite customary in Germany, German law does not yet require the person wanting to purchase a company to perform a due diligence.

The Implementation of the MiFID into the WpHG

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177-1188
Author(s):  
Sebastian Barry ◽  
Hannes Bracht
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
German Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
German Capital ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
The One

On 1 November 2007 the Finanzmarktrichtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetz (FRUG) came into effect. The FRUG is supplemented by two directives, the Wertpapierdienstleistungs-Verhaltens- und Organisationsverordnung (WpDVerOV) (as amended by the Erste Verordnung zur Änderung der Wertpapierdienstleistungs-Verhaltens- und Organisationsverordnung) and the Erste Änderungsverordnung zur Finanzanalyseverordnung. Together with the aforementioned directives the FRUG implements the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) into German law, which is itself supplemented by a MiFID Implementing Directive and a Commission Regulation. Altogether this legislation is part of the Financial Services Action Plan of the European Commission aiming at the formation of a single market for financial services. The new legislation leads to material changes in the Wertpapierhandelsgesetz (WpHG). On the one hand numerous new regulations have been added, on the other hand already existing regulations have become much more detailed. Thus the WpHG has finally become “the constitution” of German capital market law.

Business Perception of Contextual Changes

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Berthoin Antal ◽  
Meinolf Dierkes ◽  
Katrin Hahner
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
Sociopolitical Environment ◽  
A Company

A firm's ability to shape its policies to meet societal demands depends on how it perceives the opportunities and risks in its environment. The authors hypothesized that corporate culture plays a significant role in shaping organizational percep-tions. This article summarizes the findings of a study on how the organizational culture of a chemical firm headquartered in West Germany affected the evolution of its social and personnel policy from 1950 to 1989 given the changes in its sociopolitical environment during this period. The study shows that the culture of a company, by shaping its perceptions, plays a central role in determining the areas in which the organization is likely to be able to learn easily and those in which it is likely to resist changing its policies.

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