Diagnosis of a chronic vaginitis: Characterization of Candida albicans and in vitro antagonistic activities of vaginal Lactobacillus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Bechelaghem Nadia ◽  
Djibaoui Rachid ◽  
Ettalhi Mehdi ◽  
Arabi Abed
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Vaginal Lactobacilli ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Temperature And Growth

  Long-term use of antibiotics, in the treatment of vaginal infection can lead to Candida overgrowth. The motive of the present study was real case of a woman with chronic vaginitis. During ten years, the patient was subjected to a treatment with antibiotics such as gentamycin and lincomycin. Following remarks of a gynecologist, the complicated infection showed like yeast vaginitis symptoms. Consequently we isolated the germ from a vaginal swab sample taken from the patient, and then it was identified phenotypically and belonged to Candida albicans. Our study was followed by examination of the effects of pH, temperature and growth media on the morphogenesis of the isolated C. albicans. The results showed that pH 7.4, temperature at 37 °C and glucose free medium were optimal conditions for filamentation. In order to study the antagonistic effect of vaginal lactobacilli against C. albicans, we used 23 Lactobacilli isolated from several healthy women. The results showed that all isolates had an inhibitory effect against C. albicans with a maximal zone of 25.67 ± 0.58 mm obtained by the isolate L17.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Daya Hambat Larutan Antiseptik Povidone iodine dengan Ekstrak Daun Sirih terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septriana Putri ◽  
Aziz Djamal ◽  
Rahmatini Rahmatini ◽  
Cimi Ilmiawati
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution

Abstrak Candida albicansb (C. albicans) adalah salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab masalah kesehatan reproduksi wanita, yaitu keputihan (fluor albus). Penggunaan larutan povidone iodine dan bahan alam seperti ekstrak daun sirih menjadi pilihan masyarakat sebagai pembersih alat kewanitaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkandaya hambat larutan antiseptik povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap lima isolat jamur C. albicans dengan larutan kontrol akuades.Perlakuan terdiri dari povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5% dan 10% tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans, namun ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 20% memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-hoc menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara daya hambat larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% terhadap kontrol(p < 0.05).Larutan povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat dua kali lebih besar terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans dibandingkan ekstrak daun sirih 20%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Kata kunci: povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih, Candida albicansAbstract Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the frequent causes of  reproductive health problems in women, namely vaginal discharge (fluor albus). The antiseptic solution, povidone iodine, is still an option to overcome vaginal discharge. The use of natural materials such as betel (Piper betle L.) leaves extract also become a popular choice as adouche for women. The objective of this study was to compare the inhibitory activity of povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract against the growth of C. albicans in vitro. We used five different isolates of C. albicans with distilled water as control. Each isolate was treated with povidone iodine solution, betel leaf extract at concentration of 5%, 10%,and 20%. The results showed that povidone iodine had inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Betel leaf extract at concentration of 5% and 10% did not have inhibitory effectwhile betel leaf extract at concentration of 20% hadinhibitory effect on C. albicans. Analysis by ANOVA followed by Post-hoc tests showed a significant difference in inhibitory activity of povidone iodine and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration compared to control (p < 0,05). Povidone iodine solution showed twice as much as inhibitory effect on C. albicans compared to betel leaf extract (20% concentration). It is concluded that povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro.Keywords: povidone iodine, betel leaf extract, Candida albicans

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Caspofungin against Candida albicans Biofilms

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3591-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano P. Bachmann ◽  
Kacy VandeWalle ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Thomas F. Patterson ◽  
Brian L. Wickes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

ABSTRACT Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation on biological or inanimate surfaces. Candida albicans biofilms are recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antifungal therapies. Here we report on the activity of caspofungin, a new semisynthetic echinocandin, against C. albicans biofilms. Caspofungin displayed potent in vitro activity against sessile C. albicans cells within biofilms, with MICs at which 50% of the sessile cells were inhibited well within the drug's therapeutic range. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to visualize the effects of caspofungin on preformed C. albicans biofilms, and the results indicated that caspofungin affected the cellular morphology and the metabolic status of cells within the biofilms. The coating of biomaterials with caspofungin had an inhibitory effect on subsequent biofilm development by C. albicans. Together these findings indicate that caspofungin displays potent activity against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and merits further investigation for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals Use of 5-fluorouracil to analyze the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha on long-term reconstituting stem cells in vivo

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF Quesniaux ◽  
GJ Graham ◽  
I Pragnell ◽  
D Donaldson ◽  
SD Wolpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Abstract A macrophage-derived inhibitor of early hematopoietic progenitors (colony-forming unit-spleen, CFU-A) called stem cell inhibitor was found to be identical to macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha). We investigated the effect of MIP-1 alpha on the earliest stem cells that sustain long-term hematopoiesis in vivo in a competitive bone marrow repopulation assay. Because long-term reconstituting (LTR) stem cells are normally quiescent, an in vivo model was first developed in which they are triggered to cycle. A first 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection was used to eliminate later progenitors, causing the LTR stem cells, which are normally resistant to 5-FU, to enter the cell cycle and become sensitive to a second 5-FU injection administered 5 days later. Human MIP-1 alpha administered from day 0 to 7 was unable to prevent the depletion of the LTR stem cells by the second 5-FU treatment, as observed on day 7 in this model, suggesting that the LTR stem cells were not prevented from being triggered into cycle despite the MIP-1 alpha treatment. However, the MIP-1 alpha protocol used here did substantially decrease the number of more mature hematopoietic progenitors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells [CFC], burst- forming unit-erythroid, CFCmulti, and preCFCmulti) recovered in the bone marrow shortly after a single 5-FU injection. In vitro, MIP-1 alpha had no inhibitory effect on the ability of these progenitors to form colonies. This study confirms the in vivo inhibitory effect of MIP- 1 alpha on subpopulations of hematopoietic progenitors that are activated in myelodepressed animals. However, MIP-1 alpha had no effect on the long-term reconstituting stem cells in vivo under conditions in which it effectively reduced all later progenitors.

Inhibition of granulocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans by amphotericin B

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chan ◽  
Edward Balish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Marked Inhibitory Effect

Phagocytic activity of PMN's in five healthy and five burned patients were measured in vitro. Addition of 1 μg per millilitre of amphotericin B to the assay produced a marked inhibitory effect of the phagocytic activity of PMN against C. albicans.

scholarly journals Lack of Small Intestinal Dysbiosis Following Long-Term Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Rofecoxib in the Rat

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Lázár ◽  
Gábor Brenner ◽  
András Makkos ◽  
Mihály Balogh ◽  
Szilvia László ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Small Intestinal

Intestinal dysbiosis is linked to numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. It is a question of debate if coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, cause dysbiosis. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term (four weeks) selective inhibition of COX-2 on the small intestinal microbiota in the rat. In order to avoid mucosal damage due to topical effects and inflammation-driven microbial alterations, rofecoxib, a nonacidic compound, was used. The direct inhibitory effect of rofecoxib on the growth of bacteria was ruled out in vitro. The mucosa-sparing effect of rofecoxib was confirmed by macroscopic and histological analysis, as well as by measuring the intestinal levels of cytokines and tight junction proteins. Deep sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that chronic rofecoxib treatment had no significant influence on the composition and diversity of jejunal microbiota. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that long-term selective inhibition of COX-2 by rofecoxib does not cause small intestinal dysbiosis in rats. Moreover, inhibition of COX-2 activity is not likely to be responsible per se for microbial alterations caused by some coxibs, but other drug-specific properties may contribute to it.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

scholarly journals In vitro glycoxidation alters the interactions between collagens and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude MONBOISSE ◽  
Laure RITTIE ◽  
Hasnae LAMFARRAJ ◽  
Roselyne GARNOTEL ◽  
Philippe GILLERY
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Type I ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Significant Stimulatory Effect

Glycation and glycoxidation processes, which are increased in diabetes mellitus, are generally considered causative mechanisms of long-term complications. With reference to our previous studies, type-I and -IV collagens could induce differentially the adhesion and stimulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). As PMNs play a role in sustained diabetic oxidative stress, the present study was designed to determine whether in vitro glycoxidation of these macromolecules could alter PMN adhesion, activation and migration. The adhesion of PMNs to in vitro-glycoxidized collagens was significantly increased when compared with control collagens: +37% (P < 0.05) and +99% (P < 0.01) for collagens I and IV, respectively. Glycoxidized type-I collagen increased the chemotactic properties of PMNs without significant stimulatory effect on respiratory burst, whereas pre-incubation of PMNs with glycoxidized type-I collagen induced a priming on subsequent stimulation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Glycoxidation of type-IV collagen suppressed its inhibitory effect on further PMN stimulation or migration. Collectively, these results indicate that glycoxidation of two major extracellular-matrix collagens considerably alters their ability to modulate PMN migration and production of reactive oxygen species. This imbalance in PMN metabolism may be a major event in the increased oxidative status that characterizes diabetes mellitus.

Farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (R115777) preferentially inhibits in vitro autonomous erythropoiesis of polycythemia vera patient cells

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 3743-3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Larghero ◽  
Nathalie Gervais ◽  
Bruno Cassinat ◽  
Jean-Didier Rain ◽  
Marie-Hélène Schlageter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Farnesyl Transferase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Interest

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is an acquired myeloproliferative disorder with primary expansion of the red cell mass leading to an increased risk of thrombosis and less frequently to myelofibrosis and secondary acute leukemia. Standard therapies include cytoreduction with either phlebotomy or chemotherapeutic agents and antithrombotic drugs. Because long-term exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy may increase the risk of acute transformation, new therapeutic options are needed. Tipifarnib is a nonpeptidomimetic inhibitor of farnesyl transferase that was developed as a potential inhibitor of RAS signaling. In the present study we report that tipifarnib used at pharmacologically achievable concentrations strongly inhibits the erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) autonomous growth that characterizes patients with PV. Moreover, at low tipifarnib concentrations (0.15 μM), the inhibitory effect was preferentially observed in PV BFU-E progenitors and not in normal BFU-E progenitors and was not rescued by erythropoietin (EPO). Thus tipifarnib may specifically target PV stem cells and may be of clinical interest in the treatment of patients with PV.

scholarly journals Effect of antimycotic agents on the activity of aspartyl proteinases secreted by Candida albicans

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schaller ◽  
Nikola Krnjaic ◽  
Markus Niewerth ◽  
Gerald Hamm ◽  
Bernhard Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antimycotic Agent ◽  
Pepstatin A ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

The inhibitory effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase inhibitors amprenavir and saquinavir and antifungal agents terbinafine, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and ciclopiroxolamine on aspartyl proteinases (Saps) secreted by Candida albicans was tested in an in vitro spectophotometric assay. As expected, both HIV proteinase inhibitors showed a significant inhibitory effect on Sap activity, which was comparable to that of the classical aspartyl proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A (P < 0.001). Antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B had no, or only minor, inhibitory effects on proteolytic activity. In contrast, a significant reduction in Sap activity could be demonstrated during treatment with the antifungal agent ciclopiroxolamine (P < 0.001). These results point to a multiple effect of this antimycotic agent and might explain the reduced adherence of C. albicans to human epithelial cells at subinhibitory doses.

scholarly journals Effects of Hsp90 Inhibitor Ganetespib on Inhibition of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yuan ◽  
Jie Tu ◽  
Chunquan Sheng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hsp90 Inhibitor ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Fungal Hypha

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen. Recently, drug resistance of C. albicans is increasingly severe. Hsp90 is a promising antifungal target to overcome this problem. To evaluate the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib on the inhibition of azole-resistant C. albicans, the microdilution checkerboard method was used to measure the in vitro synergistic efficacy of ganetespib. The XTT/menadione reduction assay, microscopic observation, and Rh6G efflux assay were established to investigate the effects of ganetespib on azole-resistant C. albicans biofilm formation, filamentation, and efflux pump. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was employed to clarify the mechanism of antagonizing drug resistance. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of ganetespib was determined by the infectious model of azole-resistant C. albicans. Ganetespib showed an excellent synergistic antifungal activity in vitro and significantly inhibited the fungal biofilm formation, whereas it had no inhibitory effect on fungal hypha formation. Expression of azole-targeting enzyme gene ERG11 and efflux pump genes CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 was significantly down-regulated when ganetespib was used in combination with FLC. In a mouse model infected with FLC-resistant C. albicans, the combination of ganetespib and FLC effectively reversed the FLC resistance and significantly decreased the kidney fungal load of mouse.

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