A Changing of the Guard

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-209
Author(s):  
Samantha Caslin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Young Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
British Society ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the decline of specific female-run, local organizations concerned about what they considered to be the corrosive effects of urban life upon the way young women comported themselves about town. In locating this decline in the 1950s and 60s, the chapter seeks to complicate narratives about the increasing permissiveness of British society during these years. It argues that the post-war decline of social purity groups like the Liverpool Vigilance Association was linked directly to the way in which state-level institutions and local law enforcement had increasingly taken up their cause. In considering the work of the Wolfenden Committee (1954-7), the chapter demonstrates how social purity and moral welfare approaches to prostitution as a form of moral contagion continued to have currency even as the influence of these organisations faded, with concerns about morality playing out in policing and the parameters of the Street Offences Act 1959.

The Decline of the Clerical Magistracy in the Nineteenth-Century English Midlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
John W. B. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
British Society ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
The Church

A significant proportion of Church of England clergy in the early nineteenth century took up the role of magistrate to help enforce the law in local communities, partly in consequence of the growth of clerical wealth and status which had begun in the previous century. This legal role was perceived by some as contradictory to clerical pastoral duties, and as such detrimental to the church. Some would view it as contributing to a decline of the Church of England, which was seen as too much associated with the established powers in an era of social change. After the peak of the 1830s, the number of clerical magistrates began to fall dramatically, marking the emergence of a more exclusively religious clerical profession uneasy with the antagonisms associated with local law enforcement. This study, focusing on the diverse county of Staffordshire, presents the case that the decline of the clerical magistracy is an early indicator of the withdrawal of the clergy from involvement in secular concerns, and as such provides important evidence for the growth of secularization in British society.

scholarly journals Sworn Volunteers in American Policing, 1999 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Malega ◽  
Joel H. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Census Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Peace Officer ◽  
Law Enforcement Management

This study describes changes in the use of sworn volunteers among the nation’s local law enforcement agencies and identifies those state-level certification, community, and agency characteristics associated with agencies using such volunteers in 2013. Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics data from 1999 through 2013 were analyzed to document trends in both the number of sworn volunteers and the prevalence of agencies using sworn volunteers. While there has been a modest decline in the use of sworn volunteers since 1999, in 2013, about 36% of all local law enforcement agencies used sworn volunteers; furthermore, these volunteers comprised 7% of all local sworn personnel having arrest authority nationwide in 2013. A survey of peace officer standards and training agencies found that approximately two thirds of states required state-level certification of sworn volunteers. Multivariate analyses of state-level certification standards, census data, and agency characteristics found that agencies were more likely to use sworn volunteers if they (a) are a sheriff's office, (b) serve jurisdictions with larger populations, (c) have greater levels of social disadvantage, (d) do not require recruits to have more than a high school education, or (e) are located within states offering graduated levels of sworn volunteer certifications. Agencies were less likely to use volunteer officers if they (a) hire part-time sworn officers, (b) have a greater entry-level salary, or (c) are accredited.

scholarly journals The Fine Line: Rural Justice, Public Health and Safety, and the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sherman ◽  
Jennifer Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Sheriff's Department ◽  
Public Health And Safety

In this article, we provide an early glimpse into how the issues of public health and safety played out in the rural United States during the coronavirus pandemic, focusing on Washington State. We utilize a combination of news articles and press releases, sheriff’s department Facebook posts, publicly available jail data, courtroom observations, in-depth interviews with those who have been held in rural jails, and interviews with rural law enforcement staff to explore this theme. As elected officials, rural sheriffs are beholden to populations that include many who are suspicious of science, liberal agendas, and anything that might threaten what they see as individual freedom. At the same time, they expect local law enforcement to employ punitive measures to control perceived criminal activity in their communities. These communities are often tightly knit, cohesive, and isolated, with high levels of social support both for community members and local leaders, including sheriffs and law enforcement. This complex social context often puts rural sheriffs and law enforcement officers in difficult positions. Given the multiple cross-pressures that rural justice systems faced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the circumstances in which they attempted to protect and advocate for the health and safety of both their incarcerated and their nonincarcerated populations. We find that certain characteristics of rural communities both help and hinder local law enforcement in efforts to combat the virus, but these characteristics typically favor informal norms of social control to govern community health. Thus, rural sheriff’s departments repeatedly chose strategies that limited their abilities to protect populations from the disease, in favor of appearing tough on crime and supportive of personal liberty.

Racializing Crimmigration

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amada Armenta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Jail ◽  
Colorblind Ideology ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Local Law

Deporting “criminal aliens” has become the highest priority in American immigration enforcement. Today, most deportations are achieved through the “crimmigration” system, a term that describes the convergence of the criminal justice and immigration enforcement systems. Emerging research argues that U.S. immigration enforcement is a “racial project” that subordinates and racializes Latino residents in the United States. This article examines the role of local law enforcement agencies in the racialization process by focusing on the techniques and logics that drive law enforcement practices across two agencies, I argue that local law enforcement agents racialize Latinos by punishing illegality through their daily, and sometimes mundane, practices. Investigatory traffic stops put Latinos at disproportionate risk of arrest and citation, and processing at the local jail subjects unauthorized immigrants to deportation. Although a variety of local actors sustain the deportation system, most do not see themselves as active participants in immigrant removal and they explain their behavior through a colorblind ideology. This colorblind ideology obscures and naturalizes how organizational practices and laws converge to systematically criminalize and punish Latinos in the United States.

Assessing law enforcement websites: a comparative analysis exploring types, quantity and quality of information available

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hansen ◽  
John C. Navarro ◽  
Sierra A. Malvitz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the availability of information on law enforcement websites in the state of Wisconsin.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a content analysis of all 179 county and municipal local law enforcement agency websites within Wisconsin. The authors then implemented a comparative analysis that explored whether the quantity and quality of information available on law enforcement websites are similar to those of local governments and school districts. The authors then estimated models to test whether there is a relationship between the population size served and gender distribution of law enforcement departments to the availability of information on law enforcement websites.FindingsLaw enforcement websites contain a noticeable lack of information. The finding is even more apparent when comparing law enforcement websites to the websites of local governments and school districts. Finally, the authors show a positive link between information sharing on law enforcement websites and the proportion of the civilian staff at an agency that are women.Originality/valuePast studies that reviewed the make-up of law enforcement websites analyzed large law enforcement departments rather than local law enforcement departments, which notably represent the majority of most law enforcement departments. The authors also explicitly demonstrate that the commitment to information sharing is lagging within law enforcement websites compared to local-level governments. Future scholarship and law enforcement departments may benefit from exploring the employment of female civilians.

Commentary the U.S. Military in Iraq: Are We Our Own Worst Enemy?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Christopher Varhola
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Economic Considerations

Peacekeeping, even more than civil administration, requires significant adjustments by a military force. Although military forces have certain advantages, such as a centralized chain of command and a flexible decision-making apparatus, they also have certain disadvantages, including the focus on combat operations, sometimes to the exclusion of an understanding of indigenous power structures and socio-economic considerations. In Iraq, this was magnified by the military's lack of training in both the Arabic language and support activities, such as local law enforcement, government administration, and post-conflict reconstruction tasks ranging from maintenance of irrigation systems to the rebuilding of factories.

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