French Edgeland Poetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Joshua Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Near Future

As the natural spaces of the European countryside are increasingly micro-managed and diminished, they lose their timeless pastoral feel and come to serve, rather, as amorphous liminal spaces where one urban site ends and another begins: ‘edgelands,’ as British poets Roberts and Farley call them. And yet, as philosopher Edward Casey points out, there can be no oikos—no ‘ecology,’ no ‘dwelling’—without edges. And therefore, although we typically pay little attention to them, such edges, in their silent, unnoticed way, crucially subtend, give shape to, and have much to reveal about the urban environments we inhabit. In Jean Rolin’s Les Événements (2015), the focus of this chapter, we follow a narrator whose attempt to escape a near-future France in the throes of civil war takes him across the back roads of just such a countryside. Avoiding the senseless war, the narrator navigates an edgeland network of fields, ditches, and rivers. There, where long-abandoned industrial sites neighbour shopping centre parking lots, and where, in Rolin’s fiction, highways serve as battle fronts, Rolin sketches the unique and melancholic topography of an unnoticed, undervalued, and fragile ecosystem just as threatened by industry and urban sprawl as by the ravages of war.

scholarly journals Triple oxygen isotopes indicate urbanization affects sources of nitrate in wet and dry atmospheric deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Nelson ◽  
Urumu Tsunogai ◽  
Ding Dong ◽  
Takuya Ohyama ◽  
Daisuke D. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Deposition

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrate deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities negatively affects human and environmental health. Identifying deposited nitrate that is produced locally vs. that originating from long-distance transport would help inform efforts to mitigate such impacts. However, distinguishing the relative transport distances of atmospheric nitrate in urban areas remains a major challenge since it may be produced locally and/or come from upwind regions. To address this uncertainty we assessed spatiotemporal variation in monthly weighted-average Δ17O and δ15N values of wet and dry nitrate deposition during one year at urban and rural sites along the western coast of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, downwind of the East Asian continent. Δ17O values of nitrate in wet deposition at the urban site mirrored those of wet and dry deposition at the rural site, ranging between ~ +22 and +30 ‰ with higher values during winter and lower values in summer, which suggests greater relative importance of oxidation of NO2 by O3 during winter and OH during summer. In contrast, Δ17O values of nitrate in dry deposition at the urban site were lower (+19–+25 ‰) and displayed less distinct seasonal variation. Furthermore, the difference between δ15N values of nitrate in wet and dry nitrate deposition was, on average, 3 ‰ greater at the urban than rural site, and Δ17O and δ15N values were correlated for both forms of deposition at both sites with the exception of dry deposition at the urban site. These results suggest that, relative to nitrate in wet deposition in urban environments and wet and dry deposition in rural environments, nitrate in dry deposition in urban environments forms from relatively greater oxidation of NO by peroxy radicals and/or oxidation of NO2 by OH. Given greater concentrations of peroxy radicals and OH in cities, these results imply that dry nitrate deposition results from local NOx emissions more so than wet deposition, which is transported longer distances. These results illustrate the value of stable isotope data for distinguishing the transport distances and reaction pathways of atmospheric nitrate pollution.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE LAYOUT OF THE MAIN SYSTEMS OF A HEAVY MULTICOPTER TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE REQUIREMENTS OF AVIATION REGULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Aleksey Trofimov ◽  
◽  
Sergej Postnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Thrust Generation ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

This article discusses the possibility of using a multicopter type aircraft as a transport vehicle in urban environments. This type of transport is the most promising in the near future, given the constantly growing number of traffic jams in large cities. The assessment of this aircraft is presented, taking into account the reliability requirements specified in the regulatory documents. The analysis of the aviation regulations requirements in terms of the aircraft systems reliability was carried out. Also the paper presents six options for the multicopter layout with a different number of propellers, taking into account the propeller control system, power supply system and control system. Other onboard systems are not considered, since their failures do not lead to an aircraft crash. An assessment of these options, taking into account the multicopter most critical onboard equipment layout according to reliability criterion by budgeting the requirements for one thrust generation channel, is given. Fault trees and failure situations that lead to a disastrous situation are also presented for each multicopter layout separately, as well as proposals for the number of independent channels for the power supply system and control system. Based on the set quantitative requirements for the occurrence of a catastrophic situation for the main on-board equipment and various layout options, taking into account the number of propellers and proposals for their architecture, power supply systems and control systems the most promising multicopter architecture options are determined. They meet the requirements for failure safety for a catastrophic situation.

scholarly journals Urban Entertainment Center (UEC) as a Redevelopment Strategy for Large-Scale Post-Industrial Sites in Seoul: Between Public Policy and Privatization of Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il Lee ◽  
Soe Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Post Industrial

The decline of inner-city manufacturing industries is a global phenomenon, leaving behind vacant land and brownfield sites in cities. These post-industrial areas with their negative images of dereliction and obsolete urban environments have prompted many cities to implement various redevelopment strategies, among which is the concept of the Urban Entertainment Center (UEC), which combines shopping, recreation, and entertainment, with various public spaces. This study attempts to understand the changes that have been triggered by the revitalization strategy of UEC development in large-scale post-industrial sites in Seoul. Here, Special Planning District (SPD) regulation has been adopted to induce creative and long-term urban developments; however, this has been limited to private high-rise residential buildings. This paper examines two UEC development cases applied along with the SPD in semi-industrial areas for their achievements that differ from former implementations. Our analysis reveals several positive aspects: it provides a sustainable urban infrastructure for the region, overcomes the limitations of the SPD regulation practice, and establishes improved urban environment and design quality oriented toward public interest. The “privatization of planning” has become an issue in redevelopment projects. However, the two UEC precedents that are discussed imply that building cooperative public–private partnerships through a reciprocal process will secure more public benefit overall.

Cold War in the Islamic World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Hiro
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Eighteen Century ◽  
Near Future

For four decades Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have vied for influence in the Muslim world. At the heart of this ongoing Cold War between Riyadh and Tehran lie the Sunni-Shia divide, and the two countries’ diverse histories, socio-economic compositions, and claims to exceptionalism. Saudis present their rivalry with Iran stemming from conflict between Sunnis and Shias. But, according to Iran's ruling clerics, their republic is founded on Islamic precepts whereas Saudis’ dynastic rule lacks legitimacy in Islam. This foundational schism has played out in a geopolitical competition for dominance in the region and beyond: Iran has acquired influence in Syria, Iraq and Lebanon, while Saudi Arabia's hyperactive crown prince, Muhammad bin Salman, has intervened in the Yemeni civil war against the Tehran-backed Houthis, and tried to destabilize Lebanon and isolate neighboring Qatar.. In his lucid narrative, peppered with penetrating analysis, Dilip Hiro examines the toxic rivalry between the two nations, tracing its roots to the eighteen-century Arabia, and examines whether the current Cold War in the Islamic world is likely to end in the near future.

scholarly journals Regional effect on urban atmospheric nucleation

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 8715-8728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Zoltán Németh ◽  
Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽  
Pasi Aalto ◽  
Tuomo Nieminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Large City ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Nucleation ◽  
Timing Properties

Abstract. Secondary aerosol particle production via new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to be a major contributor to the global aerosol load. NPF has also been observed frequently in urban environments. Here, we investigate the effect of regional NPF on urban aerosol load under well-defined atmospheric conditions. The Carpathian Basin, the largest orogenic basin in Europe, represents an excellent opportunity for exploring these interactions. Based on long-term observations, we revealed that NPF seen in a central large city of the basin (Budapest) and its regional background occur in a consistent and spatially coherent way as a result of a joint atmospheric phenomenon taking place on large horizontal scales. We found that NPF events at the urban site are usually delayed by > 1 h relative to the rural site or even inhibited above a critical condensational sink level. The urban processes require higher formation rates and growth rates to be realized, by mean factors of 2 and 1.6, respectively, than the regional events. Regional- and urban-type NPF events sometimes occur jointly with multiple onsets, while they often exhibit dynamic and timing properties which are different for these two event types.

scholarly journals Моніторинг розповсюдження вірусів серед домашніх котів і собак у м. Дніпропетровськ

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
L. V. Yashchuk ◽  
N. V. Cherevach ◽  
A. I. Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Near Future

Cats and dogs kept at home, as well as other animals, are susceptible to infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses. Viral infections in urban environments are extremely common and cause severe diseases in domestic animals which often lead to death, resulting in high material and moral damages to owners of animals. Therefore, investigation of the prevalence of pathogens of viral diseases is very important in our time. The aim of this work is to define the indicators of spreading viral diseases of animals in Dnipropetrovsk, to analyze the seasonal spread of viral infections in animals, and influence of sex and breed on the frequency of disease manifestations. Materials for research were obtained on the basis of three veterinary clinics in Dnipropetrovsk. During the study, we used serological methods of diagnostics of clinical materials, namely ELISA and IHA. Immunosorbent assay was performed using the thermostatic shaker ST-3 and strip immunoassay analyzer Stat Fax 303 Plus. Also we used commercial test systems VetExpert CAV Ag and Feline VacciCheck ImmunoComb®, based on the immuno-chromatographic method. During clinical studies of 491 animals (268 cats and 223 dogs) it was found that the most common respiratory viral infections in cats were calicivirus infection and rhinotracheitis, while in dogs there were viral diseases of gastrointestinal tract, i.e. enteritis and hepatitis. Using IHA method, we revealed the antibodies to respiratory viruses in the blood of deseased cats: to calicivirus – in 95 cats, to rhinotracheitis – in 60 cats; by ELISA method we identified antigens of parvovirus, enteritis pathogen, in biological material of 61 dogs, by IHA we found antibodies to virus of infectious hepatitis in 49 individuals. Based on these data, it has been revealed that during the winter months the animals suffered mostly the respiratory viral infections (60%), and in spring there were increased occur-rence of enteritis, observed in all age groups of animals. From May, hepatitis started to appear and prevailed for all summer months, mixed with enteritis (about 50% of total number of cases). Hepatitis was recorded both in cats and dogs. By the fall, recurrence was observed for calicivirus and herpes virus infections in cats, and the cases of enteritis decreased, while hepatitis was recorded until mid-October. Such statistics is kept relatively constant. The research results can be applied in the practice of veterinary laboratories for the development of diagnostic measures and prevention of viral diseases in domestic animals, as well as in the prediction of dissemination of viral infections in animals in the near future.

scholarly journals Regional effect on urban atmospheric nucleation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Zoltán Németh ◽  
Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽  
Pasi Aalto ◽  
Tuomo Nieminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Large City ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Nucleation ◽  
Timing Properties

Abstract. Secondary aerosol particle production via new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to be a major source for global aerosol load. It has been also observed frequently in urban environments affecting the human health. Here, we investigate the effect of regional NPF on urban aerosol load under well-defined atmospheric conditions. The Carpathian Basin, the largest orogenic basin in Europe, represents an excellent opportunity for exploring these interactions. Based on long-term observations, we revealed that NPF seen in a central large city of the basin (Budapest) and its regional background occur in a consistent and spatially coherent way as result of a joint atmospheric phenomenon taking place over large horizontal scales. We found that NPF events at the urban site are usually delayed by > 1 hour relative to the rural site or even inhibited above a critical condensational sink level. The urban processes require higher formation rates and growth rates to be realised, by mean factors of 2 and 1.6, respectively, than the regional events. Regional- and urban-type NPF events sometimes occur jointly with multiple onsets, while they often exhibit dynamic and timing properties which are different for these NPF types.

‘Home Means Everything to Me …’: A Study of Young Syrian Refugees’ Narratives Constructing Home in Greece

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Arvanitis ◽  
Nicola Yelland
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Narrative Methodology ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Town

Abstract The ongoing civil war in Syria has displaced many citizens who have fled the violence in order to seek sanctuary and asylum in Europe. As they seek refugee status, they are living in liminal spaces in transit countries, in the hope that they will be relocated on a permanent basis to a new country. In many instances, family members have gone before them and are already ‘settled’ in new countries. The remaining family make the perilous journey out of Syria, in the hope that they will be reunited with their family members and accorded refugee status. In this article, we share the stories of five Syrian children (aged from 11 to 15 years of age) temporarily housed in the LM refugee centre near the town of Lehaina (Myrsini Ileias, Peloponnese, Greece). We asked them about their concept of ‘home’ and, using a narrative methodology, we present their personal stories of their reconstructions of ‘home’ while they are located in this liminal space. How do they share stories of their original homes? What are their lives like in this and the other unfamiliar places that they have found themselves in? What do the young refugees make of their ‘new homes’? What challenges do they face? These are just some of the issues that we explore here in these narratives of a search for a ‘new’ home.

scholarly journals Effects of Urbanization on Farmland Size and Diversified Farm Activities in Japan: An Analysis Based on the Land Parcel Database

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Shingo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Positive Effects

Peri-urban agriculture (PUA) has been widely regarded as a sub-field of multifunctional agriculture for improving the sustainability of urban environments. However, urban sprawl has both negative and positive effects on peri-urban farming, and the research on this issue in Japan is insufficient. This study aims to demonstrate the spatial distribution of farmland parcels in Tokyo and Osaka metropolitan areas and explore the synergistic effect of distance from cities and urban sprawl on the size of farmland parcels and farm-diversified activities such as direct marketing, farming experience, and environmentally friendly practices. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Poisson regression analyses were used with a nationwide agricultural land parcel Geographic Information System (GIS) database (Tokyo metropolitan area = 1,939,162 and Osaka metropolitan area = 1,507,072 parcels), in Japan, to specify the farmland locations and calculate the extent of urban sprawl. The results revealed that more than 50% of farmlands in the targeted areas were located within 4 km from the boundaries of densely inhabited districts (DIDs). Furthermore, with a decreasing distance from a DID, the urban sprawl had more positive effects on farmland parcel sizes and farm-diversified activities. These findings imply that PUA has a wider presence in Japan, and the peri-urban farmers may be capable of utilizing the multifunctional nature of intensively sprawled urban environments.

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