scholarly journals Effects of brassinosteroid application on seed germination of Norway spruce, Scots pine, Douglas fir and English oak

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kuneš ◽  
M Baláš ◽  
R Linda ◽  
J Gallo ◽  
O Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
English Oak

Variation and genetics of ribonucleases and phosphodiesterases in conifer seeds

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mejnartowicz ◽  
F. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Isoenzyme Variation ◽  
Conifer Seeds ◽  
Starch Gel

Using techniques of starch gel electrophoresis, isoenzymes of ribonuclease 11 (RNase, EC 3.1.4.23) and phosphodiesterase I (PDase, EC 3.1.4.1) could be identified in endosperm tissue from dry seeds of three conifer species: Norway spruce (Picea abies). Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The RNase patterns mostly exhibited a relatively great number of isoenzyme bands as well as a considerable tree-to-tree variation, whereas the PDase system revealed only one enzyme zone in each of the three seed species. Furthermore, an isoenzyme variation within the PDase zones appeared to be very infrequent and could only be detected in Norway spruce and Douglas fir. However, the isoenzyme patterns of RNase as well as PDase showed significant differences between the conifer species. The genetic basis of the intraspecific isoenzyme variations could be easily analyzed, since the test material (seed endosperm) represented haploid tissues resulting from macrogametophytes after fertilization. Hence, it was possible to identify three polymorphic RNase gene loci in Douglas fir seeds, two in Scots pine seeds, and one in Norway spruce seeds. The PDase zone in each conifer species was controlled by one gene locus which revealed allelic forms only in Norway spruce and Douglas fir seeds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (-1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Feliksik ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Diameter Increment

The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site ConditionsDendroclimatic studies were carried out in the experimental stands composed of many tree species situated in the Polish part of the Baltic sea-coast. Increment cores were taken from a 100-years old trees of 2 native species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and 3 nonnative species: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and Silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Thirty trees of each species were cored. The relationships between the diameter increment and the thermal and pluvial conditions during the period from 1925 to 2005 were analyzed on the basis of standardized tree-ring chronologies and climatic data. It was found that precipitation and temperature of the growing season and months preceding that season affected the annual diameter increment of all investigated tree species. The current year winter and early spring temperatures as well as February and August precipitation had a similar effect on the variation of diameter increment of trees. On the other hand thermal and pluvial conditions of the current year June differentiated the increment rhythm of individual species. A very strong negative effect on diameter growth of trees was observed in the case of winter and early spring frosts. Norway spruce turned out to be a species most resistant to low temperatures. The investigated tree species, especially Norway spruce, was susceptible to water deficiency in the soil during spring and summer. In the case of Scots pine a high precipitation in June stimulated its growth. The diameter increments of Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir were more strongly connected with air temperature than with precipitation. So called all-species chronology of tree-ring width, constructed during this study, permitted to verify the factors having a similar effect on growth response of the investigated tree species. It reflected the mutual characteristics of diameter increments of trees of various species.

Ecological-geographical analysis of vegetation of near-roads zones of transport corridor Lviv–Krakovets

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Y. I. Chykailo ◽  
I. M. Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Accumulation Coefficients

In the article, the eco-geochemical analysis of flora on roadside areas of highway M-10 Lviv-Krakovets is made. In the foliage of following tree species Common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), using atomic-absorption methods, there were revealed such heavy metals as Pb, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Cr, Mn, V, Ba, Sr, Zr, Fe, Ti, Sn. The analysis of literary sources by Voloshyn, Sobechko, Bessonova and ours investigations reveals that in different areas the content of heavy metals (HM) in the foliage of tree species differs significantly. In addition, it has been investigated the content of chemicals in the foliage of roadside trees along highway Lviv-Krakovets and compared with world clarke indices. Content of Pb, Zn, Mn, V in the foliage of roadside trees is lower than showing of world clarkes, what is caused by characteristics of parent rocks. Elements that exceed world clarkes are Ba, Cu, Ni, Mo, Sr, Ti, Zr and Cr, their content in foliage of tree species varies from 1,2 to 16,7 mg/kg of dry weight. In the article, the accumulation coefficients are calculated. These coefficients confirm accumulation of car pollutants in roadsides and adjoining areas. There is made an investigation of general biological and discrete (by root surface and foliage surface) absorption of 15 chemical elements and as a result several species, which have the highest accumulation coefficients, are set apart. In the foliage of roadside tree species, the general biological absorption coefficients (GBAC) of technogenic (road) pollutants are counted. It has been determined that the maximum GBAC values immanent to Ni and Ва are 10,1 and 3,5 correspondingly (Common hornbeam), Cu – 7,7, Mn – 2,7 and Мо – 1,4 (English oak) and Sr – 1,4 (Common ash). According to the content and distribution of heavy metals in the foliage of roadside trees, it was build the descending rows according to intensity of HM absorption by different tree species. It has been counted the intensity with what tree species absorb road pollutants, Pb absorbs Common ash, Scots pine, Zn, Co, Cr, Sr – Common ash; Ni, Ba – Common hornbeam; Cu, Mo, Mn, V, Zr – English oak; Fe, Ti – Norway spruce. It has been counted the discrete (areal and root) absorption of HM by tree species. It is known from literary sources that foliage does not accumulate Pb by areal way, that is why the value of this HM is considered as constants and according to certain methodological ways is counted areal and root absorption. The discrete biological absorption coefficients (DBAC) of technogenic (road) pollutants by different tree species in roadsides are different. Deciduous tree species in contrast to pinophyta, by areal way accumulate Mо – 0,33 (Common hornbeam) – 0,95 (English oak), partially V – 0,17 (English oak), Zn – 0,14 (Norway spruce). DBAC Со in foliage of tree species varies from 0,33 (English oak) to 0,73 (Common beech), Cu – 0,52 (Scots pine) – 0,99 (English oak, Common hornbeam), Ni – 0,23 (Scots pine) – 0,99 (Common hornbeam, English oak, Common beech, Norway spruce), Mn – 0,61 (Common ash) – 0,98 (English oak, Norway spruce), Ва – 0,43 (Common hornbeam) – 0,92 (English oak, Norway spruce), Sr – 0,64 (Common hornbeam) – 0,94 (English oak, Norway spruce). The most actively foliage absorbs Cu, Ni, Mn, Со (in 100 % of samples); partially  –  Ba, Sr (80 %); Mo (40 %); V і Zn (20 і 10 %). It has been proposed several tree species for forest plantation, which have the highest biological absorption. The highest intensity of general biological absorption of HM have English oak, Common hornbeam, Common ash, Common beech, Norway spruce, which absorbs Ni, Cu, Ba, Mn, Sr, Mo, Co, Fe, and this considerably reduce pollution in roadsides and adjoining areas.

Humus buildup in boreal forests: effects of litter fall and its N concentration

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Berg ◽  
Charles McClaugherty ◽  
Amalia Virzo De Santo ◽  
Dale Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Measured Amount ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Using Data

This synthesis paper presents a model for estimating the buildup of soil organic matter in boreal deciduous and coniferous forests. A basic model was developed using data from a well-studied Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest (SWECON site) and based on limit values for litter decomposition and amounts of litter fall. A local validation gave a calculated humus accumulation that differed by 8% from the amount measured in the stand. This model was further validated using data for humus accumulated for 2984, 2081, and 1106 years, predicting an accumulation close to the measured amount, and for needle litter the missing fractions were 16, 17, and –6%, respectively, for the three groups. The limit value for litter decomposition is negatively related to the litter's initial N concentration; thus, N-rich litter should have a larger resistant fraction left than N poor. This relationship was validated using nine paired stands of monocultures: eight pairs of Scots pine and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and one pair of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). The measured amount of SOM was related to foliar litter fall and its N concentration. In all cases the more N-rich litter gave in all cases the more N-rich Norway spruce litter gave a significantly higher accumulation of humus for Norway spruce in spite of a higher litter fall for Scots pine. Also, red alder gave more SOM than Douglas-fir and in an expected relation to the litter N concentration. A consequence of this would be that C sinks of different efficiencies or capacities would tend to accumulate SOM at different rates.

scholarly journals The effects of Alginite fertilization on selected tree species seedlings performance on afforested agricultural lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Lukáš Linhart ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Martin Baláš ◽  
Rostislav Linda
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
English Oak ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAfforestation of marginal agricultural lands is an important issue in the land use changes running in Europe at present. The aim of the presented study is the documentation of effects of site improving material Alginite three years after afforestation of agricultural land in the locality with unfavourable hydrophysical regime. The impact was evaluated on growth parameters (height increment, mortality and foliar nutrient content) of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a mixture of English oak (Quercus robur L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seedlings on former agricultural land in central Bohemia, Czech Republic. The research plot consists of 36 square sub-plots, each sub-plot is 400 m2 in size. Each sub-plot consists of 400 individuals, except Douglas-fir with 200 individuals. The following doses of Alginite were applied: control (variant A without Alginite), 0.5 kg of Alginite (B) and 1.5 kg of Alginite (C) on both conifers and broadleaves. The results showed that Alginite application had greater positive effect on height growth of seedlings than mortality, especially variant C. In most of the cases height increments were significantly positively affected (p < 0.05) by both variants of Alginite application only in the third year after planting. Alginite applications were also connected with differences in the foliar nutrient content, especially with higher magnesium and phosphorus values. The highest differences among Alginite variants were observed for Norway maple and English oak, while the lowest for red oak and Scots pine within all monitored parameters.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

scholarly journals The effects of soil and air temperature on CO2 exchange and net biomass accumulation in Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pumpanen ◽  
J. Heinonsalo ◽  
T. Rasilo ◽  
J. Villemot ◽  
H. Ilvesniemi
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Silver Birch
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document