scholarly journals INTEGRATING BEFORE AND AFTER CRASH FEATURES INTO MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERSECTION SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN HARBIN / PRIEŠ IR PO EISMO ĮVYKIO ATSIRADUSIŲ PADARINIŲ VISUMA, VERTINANT SAUGAUS EISMO SANKRYŽOSE PROJEKTO EFEKTYVUMĄ CHARBINO MIESTE / УЧЕТ СОВОКУПНОСТИ ФАКТОРОВ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИХ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПРОИСШЕСТВИЯ, ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОЕКТА ПО БЕЗОПАСНОМУ ДВИЖЕНИЮ НА ПЕРЕКРЕСТКАХ В ГОРОДЕ ХАРБИНЕ

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gang Wang ◽  
Kuan-Min Chen ◽  
Yu-Long Pei ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crash Types

Many studies focused on the analysis of effect factors contributing to the crashes and development of crash prediction models have resulted in aggregate researches to quantify the safety effects of geometric and traffic variables and environmental concerns on the expected outcome of fatal, injury and/or property damage losses at specific locations. Crash insight regarding different locations, however, has rarely been performed. Such investigations are useful for at least two reasons. First, there is a priori need to identify high risk sites with respect to crash. Second, it is generally believed that different crash types (e.g. rear-end, angle etc.) are associated with road geometry, the environment and traffic condition, and as a result justifying the inside causes of such crashes helps with understanding and improving the specific ability to make effective countermeasures. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate that different crash types are associated to intersections in different ways and (2) reveal that the statistics of intersection crashes may lead to greater insights considering crash occurrence and countermeasure effectiveness. This paper first divides crashes into 5 categories or types: pedestrian-involved, rear-end, head-on, angle and sideswipe crash types. Based on 3208 crashes collected on the intersections in the city of Harbin during the period of 1992–2008, distribution, overall count and the occurrence of rate features are estimated resulting in two models. The performed analysis reveals that safety improvement factors such as the presence of a signal light set, a traffic monitoring device and ITS measure have a positive association with intersection crash in different ways, suggesting that different traffic control and management aspects may be helpful in identifying specific countermeasures in the overall safety improvement project. Santrauka Daugelis tyrimų, nagrinėjančių efektyvumo veiksnius, padedančius nustatyti susidūrimų prognozavimo modelius, paskatino įvairius tyrimus įvertinti eismo aplinkos sudedamųjų dalių ir jų parametrų įtaką mirties ir (arba) turtinės žalos atvejams konkrečiose vietose. Iki šiol tai buvo retas reiškinys. Tokie tyrimai yra svarbūs bent jau dėl dviejų priežasčių. Pirma, reikia nustatyti padidintos rizikos vietas atsižvelgiant į eismo įvykį. Antra, manoma, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys yra susijusios su kelio geometrija, aplinkos ir eismo sąlygomis ir kaip pasekmė, pateisinanti vidines tokių susidūrimų priežastis, padeda suprasti ir pagerinti konkrečias galimybes imtis atsakomųjų veiksmų. Todėl šio darbo tikslas—parodyti, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys įvairiai susijusios su eismu sankryžose, kad susidūrimų sankryžose statistika gali lemti didesnę įžvalgą, atsižvelgiant į įvykusį eismo įvykį ir atsakomųjų priemonių veiksmingumą. Šiame darbe susidūrimai skirstomi į 5 rūšis: susidūrimai su pėsčiaisiais, įvažiavimas į galinę transporto priemonės dalį, susidūrimas priekinėmis transporto priemonės dalimis, kampinis smūgis ir šoninis smūgis. Pasiskirstymas, bendras skaičius ir susidūrimų dažnis apskaičiuojami pagal du modelius remiantis informacija, surinkta iš 3028 eismo įvykių, įvykusių 1992–2008 m. Charbino miesto (Kinija) sankryžose. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad saugaus gerinimo veiksniai, t. y. šviesoforas, eismo stebėjimo prietaisai ir t.t., turi teigiamą įtaką. Skirtingi eismo kontrolės ir valdymo aspektai gali padėti rasti konkrečias atsakomąsias priemones, įgyvendinant visą saugaus eismo gerinimo projektą. Резюме Проблема безопасности дорожного движения актуальна во всех городах мира. Не является исключением и китайский город Харбин. Авторы исследуют влияние совокупности факторов, возникающих до и после дорожно-транспортного происшествия, для оценки эффективности проекта по безопасному движению на перекрестках в упомянутом городе. Исследуются места увеличенного риска возникновения дорожно-транспортного происшествия. Также принимается во внимание, что различные типы дорожно-транспортных происшествий тесно связаны с геометрическими параметрами дороги, условиями окружающей среды, условиями самого движения и т. д. Целью исследования было показать связь и влияние различных типов дорожно-транспортных происшествий на конкретные ситуации движения на перекрестках. Это необходимо для того, чтобы понять необходимость ответных мер по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения в потенциально опасных местах. Все дорожно-транспортные происшествия разделены на 5 типов. Далее на основании информации о 3028 дорожно-транспортных происшествий, зарегистрированных в период с 1992 по 2008 гг. на перекрестках города Харбина, представлены статистические результаты исследования. Проведенное исследование показало, что меры по увеличению безопасности дорожного движения (например, светофор, видео наблюдение за движением и т. д.) имели положительное влияние. Различные аспекты контроля за дорожным движением и управления им помогают найти ответные меры по претворению в жизнь проекта по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения.

Outcome Assessment of Peer-to-Peer Adaptive Control Adjacent to a National Park

2017 ◽  
Vol 2620 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Richardson ◽  
Matthew D. Luker ◽  
Christopher M. Day ◽  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Darcy M. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptive Traffic Control

In the town of Moab, Utah, a combination of seasonal tourist traffic, heavy truck traffic, and high pedestrian volumes creates a unique traffic management challenge; Moab’s remote location adds additional challenges for real-time traffic monitoring and maintaining of signal timing plans. The Main Street corridor is a strong candidate for an adaptive traffic control system (ATCS). Peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and user-definable control logic were used to develop and implement a cost-effective ATCS called “P2P adaptive control” that used only the existing local controllers and detection. The adaptive control logic adjusts green time along the mainline in response to detector inputs while keeping the side streets at the minimum time needed for pedestrian service. System performance was evaluated by comparing performance measures generated from high-resolution signal controller data before and after implementation of P2P adaptive control. The P2P adaptive control increased the through bandwidth of the corridor and reduced the number of split failures (i.e., the number of phase occurrences with insufficient green). Future work will include adjusting the algorithm to improve service on side streets and expanding P2P adaptive control to additional signals expected to be constructed in the area.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

scholarly journals Quantifying the changes in oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral activity caused by caffeine and acetazolamide

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Buch ◽  
Yongquan Ye ◽  
E Mark Haacke
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vascular Reserve ◽  
Extraction Fraction ◽  
Before And After

A quantitative estimate of cerebral blood oxygen saturation is of critical importance in the investigation of cerebrovascular disease. We aimed to measure the change in venous oxygen saturation (Yv) before and after the intake of the vaso-dynamic agents caffeine and acetazolamide with high spatial resolution using susceptibility mapping. Caffeine and acetazolamide were administered on separate days to five healthy volunteers to measure the change in oxygen extraction fraction. The internal streaking artifacts in the susceptibility maps were reduced by giving an initial susceptibility value uniformly to the structure-of-interest, based on a priori information. Using this technique, Yv for normal physiological conditions, post-caffeine and post-acetazolamide was measured inside the internal cerebral veins as YNormal = 69.1 ± 3.3%, YCaffeine = 60.5 ± 2.8%, and YAcet = 79.1 ± 4.0%. This suggests that susceptibility mapping can serve as a sensitive biomarker for measuring reductions in cerebro-vascular reserve through abnormal vascular response. The percentage change in oxygen extraction fraction for caffeine and acetazolamide were found to be +27.0 ± 3.8% and −32.6 ± 2.1%, respectively. Similarly, the relative changes in cerebral blood flow in the presence of caffeine and acetazolamide were found to be −30.3% and + 31.5%, suggesting that the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remains stable between normal and challenged brain states for healthy subjects.

Implementation of a Nurse-Driven Burn Resuscitation Protocol: A Quality Improvement Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Fahlstrom ◽  
Cameron Boyle ◽  
Mary Beth Flynn Makic
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abdominal Compartment ◽  
Burn Resuscitation

Background Burn resuscitation, including titration of fluids and administration of colloids, is often driven by physicians’ orders. Inconsistencies in burn resuscitation cause overresuscitation, which has adverse consequences. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were completed to evaluate fluid resuscitation and complications for 12 months before and after development and implementation of a nurse-driven burn resuscitation protocol. Results Before implementation of the protocol, results at 24 hours after injury indicated that 58% of patients were overresuscitated, had a serum level of lactate of at least 2 mmol/L (100%), and had complications (pulmonary edema 20%, abdominal compartment syndrome 7%, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 30%) within the first 5 days. Two outcomes differed from before to after implementation of the protocol: serum level of lactate at 24 hours (t37.8 =2.38, P =.007) and central venous pressure at 48 hours (t31 =2.27, P =.03). After implementation of the protocol, no patients had abdominal compartment syndrome develop. Conclusions Implementation of the nurse-driven burn resuscitation protocol improved nurses’ awareness and assessment of fluid status during resuscitation and improved patients’ outcomes.

Traffic Monitoring and Congestion Management in the SCOOT Urban Traffic Control System

1998 ◽  
Vol 1634 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bretherton ◽  
Keith Wood ◽  
Neil Raha
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Urban Traffic Control

The SCOOT Urban Traffic Control system is now operating in over 170 cities worldwide, including 7 systems in North America. Since the first system was installed, there has been a continuous program of research and development to provide new facilities to meet the requirement of the traffic manager. The latest version of SCOOT (Version 3.1) incorporates a traffic information database, ASTRID, and an incident-detection system, INGRID, and provides a number of facilities for congestion control. The traffic monitoring facilities of SCOOT, including a new facility to estimate emissions from vehicles, and the current program of work to enhance the incident-detection system and to provide additional facilities to manage incidents and congestion are reported in this paper. The work is being carried out as part of the European Union, DGXIII 4th Framework project, COSMOS, with additional funding from the UK Department of Transport. The enhanced system is to be installed in the Kingston Borough of London, where it will be tested in combination with congestion warning information provided by variable message signs.

scholarly journals Impact of a blended curriculum on nursing handover quality: a quality improvement project

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001024
Author(s):  
Xavier Losfeld ◽  
Laure Istas ◽  
Quentin Schoonvaere ◽  
Michel Vergnion ◽  
Jochen Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
E Learning

Context and objectiveThe negative consequences of inadequate nursing handovers on patient safety are widely acknowledged, both within the literature as in practice. Evidence regarding strategies to improve nursing handover is, however, lacking. This study investigates the effect of a tailored, blended curriculum on nurses’ perception of handover quality.MethodsWe used a pre-test/post-test design within four units of a Belgian general hospital. Our educational intervention consisted of an e-learning module on professional communication and a face-to-face session on the use of a structured method for handovers. All nurses completed this blended curriculum (n=87). We used the Handover Evaluation Scale (HES) to evaluate nurses’ perception of handover quality before and after the intervention. The HES was answered by 87.4% of the nurses (n=76 of 87) before and 50.6% (n=44 of 87) after the intervention. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the HES.ResultsThe original factor structure did not fit with our data. We identified a new HES structure with acceptable or good fit indices. The overall internal consistency of our HES structure was considered adequate. Perception of nurses on Relevance of information showed a significant improvement (M=53.19±4.33 vs M=61.03±6.01; p=0.04). Nurses also felt that the timely provision of patient information improved significantly (M=4.50±0.34 vs M=5.16±0.40; p=0.01).ConclusionThe applied intervention resulted in an improved awareness on the importance of Relevance of information during handovers. After our intervention, the nurses’ perception of the HES item ‘Patient information is provided in a timely manner’ also improved significantly. We are aware that the educational intervention is only the first step to achieve the long-term implementation of a culture of professional communication based on mutual support.

Improved Prediction Models for Crash Types and Crash Severities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Ivan ◽  
Sha Al Mamun ◽  
Nalini Ravishanker ◽  
Bhagwant Persaud ◽  
Craig Lyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Crash Types

New Intersection Crash Prediction Models for the Second Edition of the Highway Safety Manual

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110398
Author(s):  
Darren J. Torbic ◽  
Daniel Cook ◽  
Joseph Grotheer ◽  
Richard Porter ◽  
Jeffrey Gooch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Crash Prediction ◽  
Part C ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Diamond Interchanges ◽  
Crash Prediction Models

The objective of this research was to develop new intersection crash prediction models for consideration in the second edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), consistent with existing methods in HSM Part C and comprehensive in their ability to address a wide range of intersection configurations and traffic control types in rural and urban areas. The focus of the research was on developing safety performance functions (SPFs) for intersection configurations and traffic control types not currently addressed in HSM Part C. SPFs were developed for the following general intersection configurations and traffic control types: rural and urban all-way stop-controlled intersections; rural three-leg intersections with signal control; intersections on high-speed urban and suburban arterials (i.e., arterials with speed limits greater than or equal to 50 mph); urban five-leg intersections with signal control; three-leg intersections where the through movements make turning maneuvers at the intersections; crossroad ramp terminals at single-point diamond interchanges; and crossroad ramp terminals at tight diamond interchanges. Development of severity distribution functions (SDFs) for use in combination with SPFs to estimate crash severity as a function of geometric design elements and traffic control features was explored; but owing to challenges and inconsistencies in developing and interpreting the SDFs, it was recommended for the second edition of the HSM that crash severity for the new intersection configurations and traffic control types be addressed in a manner consistent with existing methods in Chapters 10, 11, and 12 of the first edition, without use of SDFs.

scholarly journals International Economic Integration: Comparing Exports and FDI Networks in the New Millennium

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Adelaide Baronchelli ◽  
Teodora Erika Uberti
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Millennium

Trade and foreign direct investments (FDI) represent the real and the capital side of international economic integration. While Network Analysis (NA) on world trade network (WTN) is wide, few analyses describe world investment networks (WIN), since FDI data suitable for comparison are very scarce and very complex to collect. In this paper, we exploit FDI Bilateral Statistics by UNCTAD (2014), to compare WTN and WIN in the first decade of the new millennium, before and after 2008 crisis. Results show that all countries are integrated since there are few isolated economies, and unique largest components emerge confirming the complexity of global value chain. 2008 economic crisis affected WTN, but not WIN. Geography, rather than economic similarity, is crucial in defining trading connections and cohesive subgroups. WIN and WTN links are mutual in all networks, confirming that once a link is established, it is easier to maintain all commercial relations. WIN and WTN key players are USA, Germany and China for Exports, while USA and Germany for FDI. There is a positive association between couplets of WTN and WIN links, conjecturing that FDI and Exports networks could be complements, rather than substitute.

scholarly journals Neonatal Intra-Ventricular-Hemorrhage Prevention in Premature at < 30 Weeks Gestational Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hoyos ◽  
Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Ventricular Hemorrhage

Introduction: Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) is a devastating condition mostly in preterm infants at &lt; 30 weeks GA with large morbidities and mortality usually in the first 72 hours after birth. Prevention seems to be the only way to completely deal with this problem. The IVH prevention in this age group has been studied and includes some strategies such as prenatal corticosteroids, cesarean delivery, careful extraction among others, but still, it has an unacceptably high incidence in this population.Objective: To measure the application of a quality improvement project develop from the "Drive to Zero IVH Prevention Project" presented in a Epiclatino lecture in our unit.Material and method: We design a before and after observational study and measured the incidence of IVH before and after October 2017 when a minimum manipulation protocol was implemented at the Cl&iacute;nica del Country (CDC) unit. We also compare these findings to those of other units in the EpicLatino network. All patients born &lt;30 weeks GA with less than 2 days of age, who survived at least 3 days, and had a neuroimaging taken were included. We compared demographics, diagnosis, and frequency of IVH cases, before Nov 2017 and after from CDC and the from 2018-2019 EpicLatino registry using a bivariate analysis. Results: We collected data from 46 cases before, 40 after implementation, and 203 cases from the EpicLatino registry. Demographic characteristics were very similar in the post-intervention with few statistically significant differences in antenatal steroid use (97.5% post, 96% before and 79.3% Epilatino, p=0.016), prolonged rupture of membranes (15% post, 4% before and 15% EpicLatino, p &lt;0.001), vaginal deliveries (7.5% post, 10.9% before and 24.1% Epilatino, p=0.01), suspended chorioamnionitis (12.5% post, 6% before and 20.2% Epiclatino). We found a significant reduction in IVH after the protocol was implemented with only 5 (7.5%) cases post-intervention compared to 19 (29.4%) case before, and when compared to the 81 (39.1%) cases in the registry, p&lt; 0.001. Most of the cases that occurred in the post-intervention occurred before admission to the unit due to obstetric trauma.Discussion: If a well-controlled delivery minimizing obstetric trauma is achieved, a minimal manipulation protocol appears to significantly decrease the incidence of HIV. Controlled, multicenter studies are still required to confirm these findings.

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