scholarly journals Road Safety and Pavement Management: a case study of Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Amador-Jimenez ◽  
Amir Pooyan Afghari
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Data Limitations

The implementation of pavement management seems to ignore road safety, with its focus being mainly on infrastructure condition. Safety management as part of pavement management should consider various means of reducing the frequency of vehicle crashes by allocating corrective measures to mitigate accident exposure, as well as reduce accident severity and likelihood. However, it is common that lack of accident records and crash contributing factors impedes incorporating safety into pavement management. This paper presents a case study for the initial development of pavement management systems considering data limitations for 3000 km of Tanzania’s national roads. A performance based optimization utilizes indices for safety and surface condition to allocate corrective measures. A modified Pareto analysis capable of accounting for annual performance and of balancing resources to achieve good surface condition and low levels of safety was applied. Tradeoff analysis for the case study found the need to assign 30% relevance to condition and 70% to road safety. Safety and condition deficiencies were corrected within 5 years with the majority of improvements dedicated to surface treatments and some geometric corrections. Large investments for correcting geo-metric issues were observed in years two and three if more money was made available.

scholarly journals An Integrated Design Framework for Safety Interventions on Existing Urban Roads—Development and Case Study Application

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Colonna ◽  
Paolo Intini ◽  
Nicola Berloco ◽  
Veronica Fedele ◽  
Giuseppe Masi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Interventions

The need for improving urban road safety, livability, and sustainability is evident. Quantitative estimates and qualitative methods/strategies can be used by road safety practitioners to design safety interventions. This study proposes a flexible integrated design framework for safety interventions on existing urban road segments and intersections that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods. The proposed design framework is divided into four stages of the safety management process: End of Network Screening, Diagnosis, Selection of Countermeasures, and Economic Assessment. Pilot applications of the proposed method were performed on existing roads of the urban road network of the Municipality of Bari, Italy. Results from the application were useful to highlight some possible problems in the different stages of the design process. In particular, the discussed problems include a lack of crash and traffic data, difficulties with defining the road functional classifications, including rural-to-urban transitions, a lack of local inspection procedures, the recurrent problems from diagnosis, difficulties regarding the safety assessment of cycling infrastructures and sight distances, the criteria for grouping countermeasures into sets, and the choice of appropriate predictive methods. In response, appropriate solutions to the highlighted problems were presented. The usefulness of the proposed method for both practitioners and researchers was shown.

ROAD SAFETY AUDIT: A CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cumhur Aydin ◽  
Nura Balla
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Road ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Road Safety Audit ◽  
Road Safety Audits

As a consequence of increasing traffic volume and mobility, road accidents have been a serious problem especially in low and middle-income countries. The number of road accidents in such countries tends to increase every year. Considering different contributing factors to the road accidents, road and its environment have played an important role. Road safety audits and road safety inspections have been worldwide used tools to monitor and to evaluate road projects and existing road sections from the safety perspective. In this study, through the evaluation of different safety auditing techniques applied in the world, a case study on a Nigerian Road Section has been implemented. The expectations from such a study are: (i) To show the main safety deficiencies of the Nigerian road sections; and (ii) To introduce a new tool to the local road authorities to further use it for monitoring their road sections. Based on this study, the audit report was prepared to summarize findings with possible countermeasures.

Incorporating Road Safety into Pavement Management

2000 ◽  
Vol 1699 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Tighe ◽  
Ningyuan Li ◽  
Lynne Cowe Falls ◽  
Ralph Haas
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Pavement Management Systems ◽  
Pavement Engineering

Improving road safety through proper pavement engineering and maintenance should be one of the major objectives of pavement management systems. When pavements are evaluated in terms of safety, a number of factors related to pavement engineering properties are raised, such as pavement geometric design, paving materials and mix design, pavement surface properties, shoulder type, and pavement color and visibility. Each year there are voluminous annual reports on traffic accident statistics and discussions of such road safety issues as road safety modeling and pavement safety measurements and criteria. Although road safety may be considered a separate area, it should be incorporated into pavement management systems. The main pavement engineering relationships associated with road safety are identified, and the various aspects of road safety related to pavement management, such as pavement types, pavement surface macrotexture and microtexture, and pavement safety measurements, criteria, and evaluation methods, are discussed. A systematic approach is proposed for the coordination of pavement maintenance programs with road safety improvement and the incorporation or integration of safety management with pavement and other management systems. Finally, a list of possible remedial measures for road safety improvements associated with pavement maintenance activities is recommended.

Developing Macrolevel Collision Prediction Models to Evaluate Bicycle Safety in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Bianca Popescu ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Bicycle Safety ◽  
Collision Prediction ◽  
High Traffic Volume

To encourage greener cities while reducing the impacts of the transportation system—such as impacts on climate change, traffic congestion, and road safety—governments have been investing in sustainable modes of transportation, such as cycling. A safe and comfortable cycling environment is critical to encourage bicycle trips because cyclists are usually subject to greater safety risks. Engineering approaches to road safety management have traditionally addressed road safety by reacting to existing collision records. For bicycle collisions, which are rare events, a proactive approach is more appropriate. This study described the use of bicycle-related macrolevel (i.e., neighborhood or zonal-level) collision prediction models as empirical tools in road safety diagnosis and planning. These models incorporated an actual bicycle exposure indicator (the number of bicycle kilometers traveled). The macrolevel bicycle–vehicle collisions models were applied at the zonal level to a case study of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Collision-prone zones in Vancouver were identified, and the highest-ranked zones were diagnosed to identify bicycle safety issues and to recommend potential safety countermeasures. The findings from this study suggest that the safety issues may be a result of high density and commercial land use type, coupled with a high traffic volume, particularly on arterial routes, and high bicycle volumes on routes with mixed vehicle and bicycle traffic. The case study demonstrated the use of the models to enhance bicycle safety proactively.

Safety Assessment of Two-Lane Highway using a Combined Proactive and Reactive Approach: Case Study from Indian National Highways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipa Chatterjee ◽  
Sudeshna Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
Road Safety Audit ◽  
Proactive Safety

In India, approximately 30% of road accident fatalities occur on two-lane rural roads. Thus research focused on identifying risk factors on this road type is of immense interest to most of the road agencies. Although these highways are more hazardous and account for more severe crashes, there is a lack of scientific safety assessment of such highways compared with multi-lane highways. Proactive approaches, such as road safety audit, have been widely adopted by the government of India to reduce crash frequency and severity on highways. However, an effective road safety management program should exercise an optimal balance between reactive and proactive strategies to identify potential hazards and treat already existing hazardous sites. Through a case study on two two-lane highways, several risk factors were identified using the principles of road safety audit, and were mapped with the available crash data analysis to develop a risk matrix. This risk matrix was found to be helpful in the selection of countermeasure design in a more scientific way, targeting the frequent crash types and severities expected to result at the high crash sites. Finally, it was observed that integrating the findings from reactive analysis with proactive safety management is more beneficial, since they are methodically proven with historical crash records and provide the knowledge of plausible safety hazards at sites where similar features exist. The proposed methodology could be adopted by road agencies in India and other developing countries for effective proactive safety planning.

scholarly journals Development of Strategic Goals of Road Safety Management: A Case Study of Montenegro

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milenko Čabarkapa ◽  
Davor Brčić ◽  
Vujadin Vešović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
National Level ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
National Road ◽  
Control Implementation

Evaluation of the results of road safety management at the national level is carried out with a number of predefined indicators. These, predefined indicators should be measurable objectives of road safety management. They are set by national road safety strategies. This paper presents the control implementation of the Strategy to improve road safety in Montenegro for the period 2010-2019. The research showed that the five-year objectives of the National Strategy were achieved in the first years and significantly surmounted. This efficiency is achieved for two main reasons: the development of road safety management, and setting an unambitious, easily attainable goal. These findings are indicators that generally and globally set goals of reducing traffic fatalities cannot comprise at the same time national objectives in all countries. In this context, the methodological improvements of setting national strategic objectives established by the evidences on the national traffic safety issue are proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Contributing Factors Affecting Number of Vehicles Involved in Crashes Using Machine Learning Techniques in Rural Roads of Cosenza, Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Guido ◽  
Sina Shaffiee Haghshenas ◽  
Sami Shaffiee Haghshenas ◽  
Alessandro Vitale ◽  
Vittorio Astarita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Speed

Evaluation of road safety is a critical issue having to be conducted for successful safety management in road transport systems, whereas safety management is considered in road transportation systems as a challenging task according to the dynamic of this issue and the presence of a large number of effective parameters on road safety. Therefore, evaluation and analysis of important contributing factors affecting the number of crashes play a key role in increasing the efficiency of road safety. For this purpose, in this research work, two machine learning algorithms including the group method of data handling (GMDH)-type neural network and a combination of support vector machine (SVM) and the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) are employed for evaluating the number of vehicles involved in the accident based on the seven factors affecting transport safety including the Daylight (DL), Weekday (W), Type of accident (TA), Location (L), Speed limit (SL), Average speed (AS) and Annual average daily traffic (AADT) of rural roads of Cosenza in southern Italy. In this study, 564 data sets of rural areas were investigated and relevant effective parameters were measured. In the next stage, several models were developed to investigate the parameters affecting the safety management of road transportation for rural areas. The results obtained demonstrated that "Average speed" has the highest level and "Weekday" has the lowest level of importance in the investigated rural area. Finally, although the results of both algorithms were the same, the GOA-SVM model showed a better degree of accuracy and robustness than the GMDH model.

scholarly journals LOCATION OF SPEED CONTROL CAMERAS ON HIGHWAYS: A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS

Transport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Garis Coronell ◽  
Julián Arellana ◽  
Víctor Cantillo
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Camera Location ◽  
Road Safety Audit

This research proposes a methodology to identify critical sections of highways where the location of speeding control may be beneficial. The method relies on a spatial and statistical analysis of infrastructure risks, along with traffic accident frequency and severity. A relevant feature of this methodology is related to its potential to be used in areas where there are no detailed historical records about traffic crashes, which is common in Global South countries. We applied the methodology to a rural road network in Colombia, where a recent law established that technical criteria should support the location of speed cameras. The case study uses accident information from six years, and risk data from a road safety audit carried out in the area under study. Even though historical records of accidents in the area were not fully available, the methodology allowed prioritising speed camera installations in the zone and identifying the relevant variables to define camera location. The relevant variables were the geometric characteristics of the road, traffic flows, risk factors, and proximity to populated centres. The use of speed controls should be part of a road safety management system, which allows defining camera location according to robust technical criteria.

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