A study of pre-analytical errors in the clinical biochemistry laboratory at Victoria hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore

To categorize and calculate the percentage error of pre-analytical variables in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Prospective observational study conducted for two months with documenting the frequency and type of pre-analytical errors occurring in venous samples. The total errors recorded were 1.31%. Insufficient volume followed by haemolysis amounted to a major proportion of errors. Continuous pre-analytical phase evaluation and taking corrective measures to make this phase error-free, have to be done.

Multi-Level Monitoring of Vaccination Adherence of Various Population Groups in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problematic Issues

Relevance. Despite significant progress in the prevention of many infectious diseases, a number of organizational issues remain in the area of special attention. One of them is to ensure the timeliness and completeness of vaccination coverage in the decreed age groups, which is possible only with a high level of public commitment to vaccination. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), achieving a high level of vaccination coverage of the National Calendar of Preventive vaccinations is of particular relevance. Aim. Using state-of-the-art online resources, assess population vaccination adherence to develop effective communication risk management technologies for immunoprophylaxis in the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. To assess the commitment of various population groups and professional contingents of a large industrial city to vaccine prevention, a survey of 965 parents was conducted at the initial stage, and subsequently a survey of 2,632 employees of medical organizations, including 1,422 people in the period before the COVID - 19 pandemic, 572 people in the «first wave» of the pandemic and 638 people in the «second wave». Instagram Facebook, Instagram, and VKontakte social networks were used to quickly obtain the necessary information (Google forms, corporate e-mails, WhatsApp, Telegram messengers, etc.). The work uses epidemiological, sociological and statistical methods of research. Results and discussion. When assessing the attitude of parents to vaccination, it was found that 78.8% of respondents were positive about vaccinations, 14.6% doubted their effectiveness and safety, and 6.6% denied their need. The main source of information that forms the attitude to vaccinations of parents was the opinion of medical professionals. In a survey of 1,422 employees, 190 people (13.3%) were identified, mainly from among the trained specialists, who themselves had a negative attitude to vaccination. When assessing the commitment of employees of medical organizations to the vaccination of a new coronavirus infection, the attitude to vaccination was ambiguous, especially in the group of secondary medical personnel and female employees of non-medical specialties, who are a potential risk group for forming a negative attitude to vaccinations and can act as «opinion leaders» on this issue for other categories of the population. Insufficient adherence to COVID-19 vaccine prevention has also been observed in other countries among various population groups, which is a serious problem on a global scale, hindering the fight against the pandemic of a new disease, which requires corrective measures. Conclusion. In this study, using modern online resources, a rapid assessment of the vaccination adherence of various population groups (parents and medical professionals) was carried out. It is shown that the use of modern technologies and software tools makes it possible to analyze a large array of data to solve problems of overcoming communication risks. The results obtained point to the need for prompt corrective measures in terms of the introduction of educational programs to increase adherence to vaccination, especially in groups at potential risk of the disease, including medical professionals, which is a priority for health care in all countries.

The constitutionalization of administrative law as a remedy for authoritarian rule: The case of Poland and the case of Germany

The continuity of the administrative apparatus is an indispensable element of any state, be it a democracy or an authoritarian regime. Given that permanency is an attribute of administration, any change from authoritarianism to democracy must therefore be followed by finding adequate corrective measures to transform public administration accordingly. In post-war Germany, it was the constitutionalisation of administrative law that had the pivotal role in attaining this goal. The paper aims at shedding more light on how to view and critique the Polish departure from the administration of the PRL-era authoritarian system in the context of the path followed by Germany.

PEDAGOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CORRECTION OF PRISONERS COMMITTED ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS REPEATED OFFENCES

Статья посвящена рассмотрению педагогических аспектов исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив, как сложного социального феномена, детерминирующего эффективность реализации уголовно-правовых отношений. Раскрывается сущность и содержание понятия исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, рассматривается педагогический потенциал мер исправительного воздействия, которые в большей степени носят воспитательный характер, не связаны непосредственно с преступлением и не имеют характера возмездия. Авторами статьи анализируется сложившаяся практика реализации исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив, на примере ФКУ ИК-29 УФСИН России по Самарской области, являющегося исправительной колонией особого режима, в которой отбывают наказание осужденные, неоднократно совершавшие тяжкие и особо тяжкие преступления. На основании результатов опроса сотрудников ФКУ ИК-29 УФСИН России по Самарской области и осужденных, отбывающих наказания в указанном исправительном учреждении, делается вывод об эффективности отдельных мер исправительного воздействия, в том числе «встреч с родными и близкими» и «встреч со священнослужителями». Формулируются рекомендации по повышению эффективности мер исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив преступления. The article is devoted to the consideration of the pedagogical aspects of corrective treatment in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences, as a complex social phenomenon that determines the effectiveness of the implementation of criminal law relations. The essence and content of the concept of corrective treatment in relation to prisoners is revealed, the pedagogical potential of corrective treatment measures that are not directly related to the crime, do not have the nature of retribution, and, to a greater extent, are of an educational nature, are considered. The authors of the article analyze the existing practice of implementing corrective treatment in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences, using the example of a correctional colony with special regime № 29 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Samara Region, where prisoners committed repeated felonies and especially serious crimes are held. Based on the results of a survey of employees of the correctional colony № 29 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Samara region and prisoners serving sentences in this correctional institution, a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of certain corrective measures, including «visits relatives and friends» and «visits priests». Recommendations are formulated to improve the effectiveness of corrective measures in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION OF BUTTERMILK WITH MUSHROOMS

In order to obtain safe and high quality dairy products, fermented dairy processors implement and maintain procedures based on HACCP principles, which are based on a systemic approach to risks and corrective measures to eliminate any potential risk associated with food safety. The aim of this study was to use tools to analyze hazard, risk assessment and determine critical control points during the production process of buttermilk with mushrooms as an innovative product. The safety control system for fermented dairy products based on HACCP concepts, involves a systemic approach to risks and corrective measures to eliminate any potential risk associated with food safety.

Identification and Evaluation of Safety Hazards in Laboratories of the National Shrimp Research Institute and the Effectiveness of Measures by FMEA Technique

Introduction: Safety, raising awareness, and preventing the occurrence of hazards are necessary in order to continue to improve the quality of laboratory activities, which have been recently considered by scientific, research, and industrial communities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the risk factor, potential hazards, and provide practical programs in the laboratories of the Shrimp Research Institute. Methods: Safety hazards of eight laboratories of the National Shrimp Research Institute were evaluated during the intervention study with the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis technique. To this end, in the first phase, the team of safety experts (HSE: Health and Safety Executive), by preparing and completing safety questionnaire forms, identified the current status of safety indicators and danger points of laboratories, assessed the distance with safety indicators, and managed danger points. Based on risk severity, probability of occurrence, and probability of risk detection, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated, prioritized, and corrective measures were proposed. In the second phase, after corrective measures, the safety questionnaire was completed again and the level of risk severity, probability of occurrence, probability of detection, risk priority number, risk number, and percentage reduction of risk priority number of the studied laboratories were calculated and analyzed. Results: Thirty-five hazard points were identified in the laboratories. The range of risk priority numbers ranged from RPN = 12 for the Plankton Laboratory to RPN = 210 for the Marine Microbiology Laboratories and Marine Pollutants. After control measures, the risk number of marine microbiology laboratory was reduced to 180 and marine pollutants to 120 (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that FMEA technique is appropriate in identifying the risk points, evaluating, and classifying the risks of the Iran Shrimp Research Institute laboratories and provide control strategies to eliminate or reduce the risk rate of research environments.

Magnitude of client satisfaction and its associated factors with outpatient pharmacy service at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, North East Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

Introduction In Ethiopia the pharmacy service has had several gaps among these were low patient satisfaction, and poor availability of essential pharmaceuticals. In addition, previous studies showed variation in magnitude of client satisfaction, and there is no previous study in the study area. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine client satisfaction with outpatient pharmacy service and associated factors among adult clients at Dubti General Hospital in Afar, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study design was employed from February 1 to March 30, 2020 at Dubti General Hospital. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the outcome variable, and independent variables. AOR with 95% CI were used to show statistical Significance at P <0.05. Results The overall satisfaction towards outpatient pharmacy service was 165(40.5%). Regarding associated factors, service payment insured through their workplace was positively associated with satisfaction (AOR = 3.178, 95% CI: 1.294–7.80) where as availability of some medications (AOR = 0.393, 95% CI: 0.208–0.741), unfair medication cost (AOR = 0.613, 95% CI: 0.607–0.910), and lack of organized pharmacy work flow (AOR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.049–0.221) were negatively associated with clients’ satisfaction. Conclusion The clients’ satisfaction in this study is low that warrants immediate corrective measures. Corrective measures should be taken based on identified gaps such as improving drug availability, pharmacy work flow, and cost of medications.

EXPERIENCE OF TERRITORIAL BODIES OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA IN IDENTIFYING AND REVIEWING CHANNELS OF PENETRATION OF PROHIBITED ITEMS AND SUBSTANCES INTO THE RESTRICTED TERRITORIES OF THE PENAL INSTITUTIONS

Статья посвящена изучению направлений работы, проводимой сотрудниками исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации в вопросах выявления каналов несанкционированного проникновения запрещенных предметов и веществ на режимные территории исправительных учреждений. В частности, анализируется опыт исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы в вопросах предупреждения проникновения к осужденным запрещенных предметов и веществ. В статье рассматриваются способы поступления запрещенных предметов и веществ, а также наиболее уязвимые места исправительного учреждения для поступления запрещенных предметов и веществ на режимные территории. Рассмотрены меры уголовно-исполнительного и административного характера, позволяющие своевременно выявлять и перекрывать каналы поступления запрещенных предметов и веществ на режимные территории учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Определены категории лиц, которые чаще всего привлекаются за несанкционированную поставку запрещенных предметов и веществ на охраняемую территорию. В статье отмечается, что общественная опасность проникновения запрещенных предметов состоит не только в нарушении нормальной деятельности исправительных учреждений, но и в снижении эффективности применения к осужденным мер исправительного воздействия. В заключение отмечено , что правильная организация и своевременное проведение режимных мероприятий, административно-процессуальных действий приведет к снижению потока поступающих в исправительные учреждения запрещенных предметов и веществ и, как следствие, улучшению правоотношений, складывающихся в процессе исполнения уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы. The article is devoted to the study of the directions of work carried out by employees of correctional institutions of the penitentiary system in identifying channels of unauthorized entry of prohibited items and substances into the restricted territories of correctional institutions. In particular, the article analyzes the experience of correctional institutions of the penitentiary system in preventing the penetration of prohibited items and substances to convicts. The article deals with the ways of receiving prohibited items and substances, as well as the most vulnerable places of a correctional institution for receiving prohibited items and substances on restricted territories. Considered measures of criminal-executive and administrative nature, allowing time to identify and block the channels of receipt of prohibited items and substances on the restricted territory of the penitentiary system. The categories of persons who are most often involved in the unauthorized supply of prohibited items and substances to the protected area are identified. The article notes that the public danger of penetration of prohibited items is not only a violation of the normal activities of correctional institutions, but also a decrease in the effectiveness of applying corrective measures to convicts. In conclusion it was said that proper organization and promp-person implementation of security measures, administrative-procedural actions will reduce flow to correctional facilities of prohibited items and substances and, consequently, improved relations, developing in the process of execution of criminal punishment in form of imprisonment.

SPEECH DISORDERS OF GENETIC ORIGIN IN TEACHING PRACTICE

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in children with various speech disorders. Also, identifying the factors causing these disorders early and providing proper support is increasingly important. If the steps to correct such speech disorders are not taken quickly, secondary issues, such as communication, socialization, and educational problems, are observed. Training and corrective measures should be carried out while considering both the individual’s psychological and physiological characteristics. Identifying the cause and symptoms of a speech disorder plays an important role when developing a plan for a child’s education, upbringing, and development. These measures are crucial to providing the most suitable help to children with such disorders. The signs identified during diagnosis and those revealing the causes of the speech disorders are vital for outlining a pathogenetic description of the disorder and prescribing a set of corrective measures. Speech disorders indicate the intactness of a large part of the central nervous system, including motor and sensory areas. Moreover, they have diagnostic applications in cases of organic brain damage, malfunctions in the development of the nervous system, and mental retardation of various origins. The pedagogical process must include a full examination, as well as the proper combined support by speech disorder specialists. It is possible to carry out differential diagnoses of speech function disorders using the results of genetic studies and prepare correctional programs tailored to the identified disorders.