scholarly journals THE RESIDENCE PLOT SELECTION MODEL FOR FAMILY HOUSE IN VILNIUS BY NEUTROSOPHIC WASPAS METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Baušys ◽  
Birutė Juodagalvienė ◽  
Rytė Žiūrienė ◽  
Ina Pankrašovaitė ◽  
Juozas Kamarauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Global Planning ◽  
Weighted Aggregate ◽  
Family House

Good quality dwelling and the environment are related to the values of citizens’ existence. It can be highlighted as important questions in creating a sustainable living environment. The research and analysis carried out so far include global planning of the plot of a particular country or city according to economic aspects. Meanwhile, our model, which covers the key social aspects of choosing a residential house, will fill this gap. We propose an original problem formulated which includes the planning of the plot of a particular city according to economic, environmental and social aspects. Our work aims to investigate the criteria for the selection of single-family houses and to develop a theoretical evaluation model based on decision-making methods. The presented study deals with the problem of selecting a one-family house plot using the Weighted Aggregate Sum Product Assessment Methods (WASPAS) and the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis Method (SWARA). During the research, parameters related to plot selection were evaluated: infrastructure, distance, cost, privacy, security and aesthetic view.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-Family House in Sweden

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrović ◽  
Xingxing Zhang ◽  
Ola Eriksson ◽  
Marita Wallhagen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Family House ◽  
Replacement Operation

The objective of this paper was to explore long-term costs for a single-family house in Sweden during its entire lifetime. In order to estimate the total costs, considering construction, replacement, operation, and end-of-life costs over the long term, the life cycle cost (LCC) method was applied. Different cost solutions were analysed including various economic parameters in a sensitivity analysis. Economic parameters used in the analysis include various nominal discount rates (7%, 5%, and 3%), an inflation rate of 2%, and energy escalation rates (2–6%). The study includes two lifespans (100 and 50 years). The discounting scheme was used in the calculations. Additionally, carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions were considered and systematically analysed with costs. Findings show that when the discount rate is decreased from 7% to 3%, the total costs are increased significantly, by 44% for a 100-year lifespan, while for a 50 years lifespan the total costs show a minor increase by 18%. The construction costs represent a major part of total LCC, with labor costs making up half of them. Considering costs and emissions together, a full correlation was not found, while a partial relationship was investigated. Results can be useful for decision-makers in the building sector.

scholarly journals Significance of building and plumbing specifics on trace metal concentrations in drinking water

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Singh ◽  
Donald S. Mavinic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Building Height ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Family House

Samples were taken from 72 high-rise apartment suites (6 suites in 12 individual high-rise towers) and 60 single-family houses located within the Greater Vancouver Regional District. The influence of the following factors on trace metal concentrations in 1-L first-flush drinking water samples and “running” hot water samples was investigated: building height, location, plumbing age, type of plumbing, and type of building. Results of this survey show that with the exception of building height, all factors had a correlation with one or more of the trace metals investigated. The trace metals examined were lead, copper, iron, and zinc. Lead was influenced primarily by building type, copper by plumbing age and type of plumbing, and iron by location. Elevated lead levels were associated with high-rise samples. New copper plumbing systems resulted in high copper levels. Highest iron levels in the drinking water were measured in the East Vancouver location. Zinc did not show a distinct correlation with any of the factors investigated. Brass faucets were the primary source of zinc in tap water. They also contributed substantially to the lead detected in the 1-L first-flush sample. Metal concentrations measured in the high-rise and house samples were compared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and the proposed “no-action” level for lead. In high-rise samples, the 0.01 mg/L “no-action” level proposed for lead was exceeded in 43% of the samples, and 62% of the samples exceeded the current 1.0 mg/L MCL standard for copper. In single-family house samples, these values were 47% and 73%, respectively. The average lead concentrations were 0.020 mg/L for all high-rise samples and 0.013 mg/L for house samples. Regulatory levels stated above would still be exceeded in 6% of the cases for lead and 9% of the cases for copper, even after prolonged flushing of the tap in a high-rise building. In all cases associated with single-family houses, flushing the cold water tap for 5 minutes was successful in achieving compliance levels. Key words: aggressive water, compliance, corrosive, drinking water, first-flush, GVRD, high-rise, single-family house, trace metals, USEPA.

Past Readings, Present Findings: on Intervening Emilio Duhart’s PDVN House

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Alejandro Beals ◽  
Loreto Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Family House

Between 1963 and 1966 Emilio Duhart (1917-2006) worked on the design of this single-family house in what used to be the outskirts of Santiago. During this period, a series of younger collaborators worked on the project, transforming it continuously. Now, confronted with the task of refurbishing the house, we trace back and try to understand the project development by researching archival material. However, it is the process of physically dismantling damaged fabric – almost everything, besides the concrete structure – that really reveals the main principles behind the whole design process. A silent dialogue with architects already gone, which provides the guidelines to write just another chapter in the life of this structure.

scholarly journals Stochastic energy-demand analyses with random input parameters for the single-family house

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Koniorczyk ◽  
Witold Grymin ◽  
Marcin Zygmunt ◽  
Dalia Bednarska ◽  
Alicja Wieczorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Stochastic Perturbation ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Stochastic Perturbation Method ◽  
Family House

AbstractIn the analyses of the uncertainty propagation of buildings’ energy-demand, the Monte Carlo method is commonly used. In this study we present two alternative approaches: the stochastic perturbation method and the transformed random variable method. The energy-demand analysis is performed for the representative single-family house in Poland. The investigation is focused on two independent variables, considered as uncertain, the expanded polystyrene thermal conductivity and external temperature; however the generalization on any countable number of parameters is possible. Afterwards, the propagation of the uncertainty in the calculations of the energy consumption has been investigated using two aforementioned approaches. The stochastic perturbation method is used to determine the expected value and central moments of the energy consumption, while the transformed random variable method allows to obtain the explicit form of energy consumption probability density function and further characteristic parameters like quantiles of energy consumption. The calculated data evinces a high accordance with the results obtained by means of the Monte Carlo method. The most important conclusions are related to the computational cost reduction, simplicity of the application and the appropriateness of the proposed approaches for the buildings’ energy-demand calculations.

scholarly journals Resilient Experiments in Rural Housing: Architectural Experiments in Planned Housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
G Galford ◽  
L M Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Single Family ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Us ◽  
Living Building Challenge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural Appalachia ◽  
Historical Model

Abstract Single family houses contribute substantially to climate change in the US and other parts of the world. In the US specifically, most housing has been designed by builders and developers. The motivation has not been sustainability and a knowledge of how to design net zero energy and net zero water dwelling is not commonly understood. This paper seeks to use a historical model as viewed through the lens of the Living Building Challenge to demonstrate how an architect designed historic example might provide a way of implementing a cutting-edge approach to sustainable housing today. Arthurdale was an early 20th century housing experiment that was conceptualized to provide for sustainable living in rural Appalachia. This paper presents the history of the region, an overview of the houses and the Living Building Challenge and then analyses how this historic prototype might model a sustainable housing development today using the Living Building Challenge system.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE LIFE CYCLE/VIENBUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ GYVAVIMO PROCESO EFEKTYVUMO ANALIZĖ

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Nerija Kvederytė
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Family House

Norint suprojektuoti ir įgyvendinti efektyvų vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo procesą, būtina jo racionalumu rūpintis nuo poreikių ir tikslų nustatytno iki pastato naudojimo pabaigos. Kiekvienu pastato gyvavimo proceso etapu dalyvauja įvairios suinteresuotos grupės: užsakovai, projektuotojai, rangovai, statvbinių medžiagų bei gaminių gamintojai ir tiekėjai, naudotojai, pastatų priežiūros ir remonto organizacijos ir kt. Projektuojant pastato gyvavimo procesą ir priimant sprendimus, reikia atsižvelgti į šių suinteresuotų grupių interesus. Plėtojant kompleksinį požiūrį, vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso efektyvumas priklauso nuo kitų sistemos dalių konkrečiu momentu. Todėl vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo procesas turi būti projektuojamas ir įgyvendinamas, atsižvelgiant į jo pagrindinius etapus, dalyvaujančių suinteresuotų grupių tikslus ir galimybes, įvertinant išorinę mikro- ir makrolygmens aplinką, t. y. į visus veiksnius, turinčius įtakos vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso efektyvumui. Straipsnyje pateikiamas vienbučių gvvenamųjų namų gyvavimo proceso efektyvumo kompleksinei analizei sukurtas teorinis modelis, kuriame įvairūs veiksniai ir aplinkybės aprašomi kriterijų rinkiniu. Remdamosi šiuo modeliu suinteresuotos grupės, rengiančios ir realizuojančios projektą, gali projektuoti alternatyvius vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso (įvairių sprendimų) variantus, juos įveitinti ir nustatyti racionaliausią: esamai situacijai rasti efektyvų sprendimą. Sprendimų variantiškumas padeda realiau ir racionaliau įvertinti pastato gyvavimo procesą ekonominiais, kokybiniais (architektūriniais, tūriniais, planiniais, estetiniais), teisiniais, techniniais, technologiniais ir kitais aspektais, suderinti suinteresuotų grupių interesus. Pagal pateiktą modelį sukurta ir sprendimų paramos sistema. Ši sistema pastato gyvavimo proceso dalyviams padeda sėkmingai siekti savo tikslų, didinti pastato gyvavimo proceso efektyvumą. Sprendimų paramos sistemoje taikomi pastato gyvavimo proceso daugiakriterinio alternatyviojo projektavimo ir daugiakriterinio įvertinimo metodai leidžia išspręsti siekiamų tikslų ir šiems tikslams įgvvendinti reikalingų išteklių optimizacijos uždavinį: išanalizavus galimus vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso variantus nustatomas racionaliausias šio proceso dalyvių (suinteresuotų grupių) siekiamų tikslų ir turimų galimvbių derinys.

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