Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-Family House in Sweden

The objective of this paper was to explore long-term costs for a single-family house in Sweden during its entire lifetime. In order to estimate the total costs, considering construction, replacement, operation, and end-of-life costs over the long term, the life cycle cost (LCC) method was applied. Different cost solutions were analysed including various economic parameters in a sensitivity analysis. Economic parameters used in the analysis include various nominal discount rates (7%, 5%, and 3%), an inflation rate of 2%, and energy escalation rates (2–6%). The study includes two lifespans (100 and 50 years). The discounting scheme was used in the calculations. Additionally, carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions were considered and systematically analysed with costs. Findings show that when the discount rate is decreased from 7% to 3%, the total costs are increased significantly, by 44% for a 100-year lifespan, while for a 50 years lifespan the total costs show a minor increase by 18%. The construction costs represent a major part of total LCC, with labor costs making up half of them. Considering costs and emissions together, a full correlation was not found, while a partial relationship was investigated. Results can be useful for decision-makers in the building sector.

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ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE LIFE CYCLE/VIENBUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ GYVAVIMO PROCESO EFEKTYVUMO ANALIZĖ

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13921525.2000.10531629 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 445-450

Author(s):

Nerija Kvederytė

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Single Family ◽

Family House

Norint suprojektuoti ir įgyvendinti efektyvų vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo procesą, būtina jo racionalumu rūpintis nuo poreikių ir tikslų nustatytno iki pastato naudojimo pabaigos. Kiekvienu pastato gyvavimo proceso etapu dalyvauja įvairios suinteresuotos grupės: užsakovai, projektuotojai, rangovai, statvbinių medžiagų bei gaminių gamintojai ir tiekėjai, naudotojai, pastatų priežiūros ir remonto organizacijos ir kt. Projektuojant pastato gyvavimo procesą ir priimant sprendimus, reikia atsižvelgti į šių suinteresuotų grupių interesus. Plėtojant kompleksinį požiūrį, vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso efektyvumas priklauso nuo kitų sistemos dalių konkrečiu momentu. Todėl vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo procesas turi būti projektuojamas ir įgyvendinamas, atsižvelgiant į jo pagrindinius etapus, dalyvaujančių suinteresuotų grupių tikslus ir galimybes, įvertinant išorinę mikro- ir makrolygmens aplinką, t. y. į visus veiksnius, turinčius įtakos vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso efektyvumui. Straipsnyje pateikiamas vienbučių gvvenamųjų namų gyvavimo proceso efektyvumo kompleksinei analizei sukurtas teorinis modelis, kuriame įvairūs veiksniai ir aplinkybės aprašomi kriterijų rinkiniu. Remdamosi šiuo modeliu suinteresuotos grupės, rengiančios ir realizuojančios projektą, gali projektuoti alternatyvius vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso (įvairių sprendimų) variantus, juos įveitinti ir nustatyti racionaliausią: esamai situacijai rasti efektyvų sprendimą. Sprendimų variantiškumas padeda realiau ir racionaliau įvertinti pastato gyvavimo procesą ekonominiais, kokybiniais (architektūriniais, tūriniais, planiniais, estetiniais), teisiniais, techniniais, technologiniais ir kitais aspektais, suderinti suinteresuotų grupių interesus. Pagal pateiktą modelį sukurta ir sprendimų paramos sistema. Ši sistema pastato gyvavimo proceso dalyviams padeda sėkmingai siekti savo tikslų, didinti pastato gyvavimo proceso efektyvumą. Sprendimų paramos sistemoje taikomi pastato gyvavimo proceso daugiakriterinio alternatyviojo projektavimo ir daugiakriterinio įvertinimo metodai leidžia išspręsti siekiamų tikslų ir šiems tikslams įgvvendinti reikalingų išteklių optimizacijos uždavinį: išanalizavus galimus vienbučio gyvenamojo namo gyvavimo proceso variantus nustatomas racionaliausias šio proceso dalyvių (suinteresuotų grupių) siekiamų tikslų ir turimų galimvbių derinys.

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Decision to paving solutions in road infrastructures based on life-cycle assessment

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering ◽

10.3846/bjrbe.2016.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria de Lurdes Antunes ◽

Vânia Marecos ◽

José Neves ◽

João Morgado

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Decision Process ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Road Network ◽

Construction Costs ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Pavement Structures ◽

Using Data ◽

Term Performance

The construction and maintenance of a road network involve the expenditure of large budgets. In order to optimize the investments in road infrastructures, designers and decision makers should have the instruments to make the most suitable decision of paving solutions for each particular situation. The life-cycle assessment is an important tool of different road pavement solutions with this purpose. This paper presents a study concerning the life-cycle cost analysis of different flexible and semi-rigid paving alternatives, with the objective to contribute for a better support in the decision process when designing new pavement structures. The analysis was carried out using data on construction costs of certain typical pavement structures and taking into consideration appropriate performance models for each type of structure being selected. The models were calibrated using results from long term performance studies across Europe and the maintenance strategies considered have taken into account the current practice also found in the European context. Besides the life-cycle administration costs, the proposed methodology also deals with user and environmental costs through its inclusion in the decision process using multi-criteria analysis. It was demonstrated that this methodology could be a simple and useful tool in order to achieve the most adequate paving solutions of a road network, in terms of construction and maintenance activities, based simultaneously on technical, economic and environmental criteria.

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Validation of a new concept of a solar air heating system with a long-term granite storage bed for a single-family house

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 384-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Magdalena Nemś ◽

Jacek Kasperski ◽

Artur Nemś ◽

Anna Bać

Keyword(s):

Heating System ◽

Single Family ◽

Air Heating ◽

Family House

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Comparison of Building Construction and Life-Cycle Cost for a High-Rise Mass Timber Building with its Concrete Alternative

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 482-492

Author(s):

Hongmei Gu ◽

Shaobo Liang ◽

Richard Bergman

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Building Materials ◽

Building Design ◽

Cost Data ◽

Construction Costs ◽

High Rise ◽

Front End ◽

Concrete Building ◽

Mass Timber

Abstract Mass timber building materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) have captured attention in mid- to high-rise building designs because of their potential environmental benefits. The recently updated multistory building code also enables greater utilization of these wood building materials. The cost-effectiveness of mass timber buildings is also undergoing substantial analysis. Given the relatively new presence of CLT in United States, high front-end construction costs are expected. This study presents the life-cycle cost (LCC) for a 12-story, 8,360-m2 mass timber building to be built in Portland, Oregon. The goal was to assess its total life-cycle cost (TLCC) relative to a functionally equivalent reinforced-concrete building design using our in-house-developed LCC tool. Based on commercial construction cost data from the RSMeans database, a mass timber building design is estimated to have 26 percent higher front-end costs than its concrete alternative. Front-end construction costs dominated the TLCC for both buildings. However, a decrease of 2.4 percent TLCC relative to concrete building was observed because of the estimated longer lifespan and higher end-of-life salvage value for the mass timber building. The end-of-life savings from demolition cost or salvage values in mass timber building could offset some initial construction costs. There are minimal historical construction cost data and lack of operational cost data for mass timber buildings; therefore, more studies and data are needed to make the generalization of these results. However, a solid methodology for mass timber building LCC was developed and applied to demonstrate several cost scenarios for mass timber building benefits or disadvantages.

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A Multi-dimensional Study on Impact of Energy Efficiency on Life Cycle Cost of a Single-Family Residential Building

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - Recent Trends in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-8293-6_43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 519-531

Author(s):

S. Shifad ◽

Pratikshya Pati ◽

Bibhuti Bhusan Das

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Residential Building ◽

Single Family

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Assessing the Effect of Mansionization on Suburban Single-Family House Sales Prices

Journal of Planning Education and Research ◽

10.1177/0739456x19833155 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 0739456X1983315

Author(s):

Suzanne Lanyi Charles

Keyword(s):

Random Effects ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Mixed Effects Model ◽

Single Family ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

House Values ◽

Crossed Random Effects ◽

Family House

Using observed single-family house sales in the inner-ring suburbs of Chicago from 2010 through 2017, this paper uses a multilevel mixed-effects model with crossed random effects to estimate the effect that millennium mansions—new, large single-family houses—have on the sales prices of nearby single-family houses. Controlling for property, sale timing, and surrounding neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, the study finds that mansionization is associated with an increase in the sales prices of neighboring houses. Long-term residents of a neighborhood undergoing mansionization should not fear a decrease in their house values; however, decreases in neighborhood affordability may result in exclusionary displacement.

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Computer-Aided FT8® RAM Analysis With On Condition Maintenance

Volume 3B: General ◽

10.1115/93-gt-306 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

T. L. Gaudette ◽

Larry Fraser ◽

S. A. Della Villa

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Power Systems ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Product Introduction ◽

Marine Systems ◽

Equipment Manufacturer ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Ram Analysis ◽

Equipment Operator

Product reliability is influenced by both design and operating and maintenance practices. This means both the equipment manufacturer and the equipment’s operator have an impact on the systems’ achievable level of availability. Many variables such as application (utility or cogeneration) or service or duty cycle (peaking, cycling, or continuous duty), influence the expected availability/reliability of any unit. These variables and an understanding of the expected “economic demand” the unit must fill are important elements for a realistic and accurate reliability assessment. These variables also affect the expected maintenance costs associated with the unit. Both the equipment manufacturer and the equipment operator have a vested interest in understanding and influencing this process. If the expected level of reliability/availability is a major requirement of the equipment owner/operator, then there must be an accurate understanding of how the reliability of the unit will be protected over the long term. Thus the unit first cost and life cycle cost can be estimated in a meaningful way. The objective of this paper is to provide an assessment of proved design reliability along with the application of on condition maintenance of Turbo Power and Marine Systems’ (Turbo Power) most recent product introduction, the FT8. A computer-aided reliability analysis was made by Turbo Power with the support of Strategic Power Systems, Inc. (SPS), to demonstrate and support the suitability of the FT8 for both peaking and continuous duty applications utilizing on condition maintenance concepts. Consequently, the presentation of the RAM analysis is organized to assist in developing a complete and comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the product and to develop realistic RAM (Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability) and life cycle cost expectations.

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Development of a Model for Predicting Probabilistic Life-Cycle Cost for the Early Stage of Public-Office Construction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11143828 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 3828 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jin ◽

Kim ◽

Hyun ◽

Han

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Early Stage ◽

Case Based Reasoning ◽

Probabilistic Prediction ◽

Construction Costs ◽

Early Stages

Decisions made in the early stages of construction projects significantly influence the costs incurred in subsequent stages. Therefore, such decisions must be based on the life-cycle cost (LCC), which includes the maintenance, repair, and replacement (MRR) costs in addition to construction costs. Furthermore, as uncertainty is inherent during the early stages, it must be considered in making predictions of the LCC more probabilistic. This study proposes a probabilistic LCC prediction model developed by applying the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to an LCC prediction model based on case-based reasoning (CBR) to support the decision-making process in the early stages of construction projects. The model was developed in two phases: first, two LCC prediction models were constructed using CBR and multiple-regression analysis. Through k-fold validation, one model with superior prediction performance was selected; second, a probabilistic LCC model was developed by applying the MCS to the selected model. The probabilistic LCC prediction model proposed in this study can generate probabilistic prediction results that consider the uncertainty of information available at the early stages of a project. Thus, it can enhance reliability in actual situations and be more useful for clients who support both construction and MRR costs, such as those in the public sector.

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