scholarly journals RESEARCH OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS‘VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM RENEWAL OPTIONS / DAUGIABUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ VĖDINIMO TYRIMAI IR SISTEMŲ ATNAUJINIMO GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Valančius ◽  
Sabina Paulauskaitė ◽  
Violeta Motuzienė
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Hygienic Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The paper presents experimental study of apartment buildings' ventilation parameters which was carried out during the heating season. The results show that the existing apartment buildings often don‘t guarantee the hygienic conditions that are directly related to the indoor air ventilation. Also article contains an analysis of possibilities to upgrade the ventilation systems of apartment buildings. Four ventilation systems‘ upgrade options were examined. The economic analysis showed that according to the economic aspect the best solution for mechanical ventilation in the typical apartment houses is a centralized ventilation system which operates in combination with ground heat pump when supply ducts are mounted on the building facade, and extraction takes place at existing natural ventilation system channels. Straipsnyje pateikiami daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų vėdinimo parametrų eksperimentiniai tyrimai, kurie buvo atlikti šildymo sezono metu. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad esamuose daugiabučiuose namuose dažniausiai nėra užtikrinamos higieninės sąlygos, kurios yra tiesiogiai susijusios su šių namų vėdinimu. Taip pat straipsnyje pateikiama daugiabučio vėdinimo sistemų atnaujinimo galimybių analizė. Ekonomiškai išnagrinėti keturi vėdinimo sistemų atnaujinimo variantai. Atlikus ekonominę analizę, nustatyta, jog ekonominiu aspektu geriausias mechaninio vėdinimo sprendimas tipiniame daugiabučiame name yra centralizuota vėdinimo sistema, veikianti kombinuotai su gruntiniu šilumos siurbliu, kai tiekiamieji ortakiai montuojami ant pastato fasadų, o ištraukimas vyksta esamais natūralios vėdinimo sistemos kanalais.

Numerical Evaluation of Ventilation Efficiency of Window Type Ventilation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950027
Author(s):  
Young Kwon Yang ◽  
Min Young Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Moon ◽  
Jin Chul Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Adverse Pressure Gradient ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Air Purifier

Ventilation in buildings is the simplest and most convenient way to purify indoor air. However, when the ventilation is not enough due to natural ventilation, it should be cleaned by mechanical ventilation or air purifier. This process requires building energy. Therefore, it is possible to save the energy of the building by merely increasing the natural ventilation efficiency. This study conducted airflow analysis simulations to investigate the effects of changes in the shape of ventilation openings and louvers on the ventilation efficiency of a window ventilation system. The streamlined window opening exhibited a greater increase in airflow (41.3%) than did the conventional window (24.3%) for the ventilation model with four openings. It was also observed that flow separation and wakes were generated by the adverse pressure gradient arising from the increased airflow speed when a louver was employed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that using a louver as a wind augmentation device is an obstacle to improving the airflow in a window ventilation system.

scholarly journals Identifying mechanical ventilation issues in classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Julia Janiga ◽  
Joanna Krzempka ◽  
Aleksandra Szczerbińska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Ventilation Systems

This article focuses on the issues of indoor air quality in mechanically ventilated classrooms. The aim of the study was to determine the reasons for inadequate air quality reported by occupants. Two different ventilation systems were assessed by measuring CO2 and VOC concentrations in classrooms during operating time. Results showed that in both cases, CO2 levels in the air, even though mostly acceptable, were exceeded throughout the measuring periods on occasion. Based on obtained data, in both cases probable causes for reported ventilation system malfunctions were proposed.

Simulation Study on Indoor Air Ventilation Efficiency Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 1104-1108
Author(s):  
Jian Qing Min ◽  
Zi Bin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Displacement Ventilation ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Air Ventilation

A numerical investigation is presented of the structure of a displacement ventilation convection by using the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation and K-ε turbulence model. Numerical results are reported for the effect of Gr/Re2 on structure of indoor air convection and ventilation efficiency. The results show that the structure of indoor air convection changes from mechanical ventilation to natural ventilation, and the curves of ventilation efficiency are like “M” with Gr/Re2 increasing.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of a Lecture Room Ventilation System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Layeni ◽  
Collins Nwaokocha ◽  
Olalekan Olamide ◽  
Solomon Giwa ◽  
Samuel Tongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Lecture Room ◽  
Room Ventilation System ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The level of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become a big topic of research, and improving it using passive ventilation methods is imperative due to the cost saving potentials. Designing lecture buildings to use less energy or Zero Energy (ZE) has become more important, and analysing buildings before construction can save money in design changes. This research analyses the performance (thermal comfort [TC]) of a lecture room, investigate the use of passive ventilation methods and determine the energy-saving potential of the proposed passive ventilation method using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Results obtained showed that air change per hour at a wind velocity of 0.05 m/s was 3.10, which was below standards. Therefore, the lecture hall needs external passive ventilation systems (Solar Chimney [SC]) for improved indoor air quality at minimum cost. Also, it was observed that the proposed passive ventilation (SC) system with the size between 1 and 100 m3, made an improvement upon the natural ventilation in the room. There was a 66.69% increase after 10 years in the saving of energy and cost using Solar Chimney as compared to Fans, which depicts that truly energy and cost were saved using passive ventilation systems rather than mechanical ventilation systems.

scholarly journals Analysis of Indoor Air Pollutants and Guidelines for Space and Physical Activities in Multi-Purpose Activity Space of Elementary Schools

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Yeo-Kyung Lee ◽  
Young Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Owing to the recent increase in the number of warning reports and alerts on the dangers of fine dusts, there has been an increasing concern over fine dusts among citizens. In spaces with poor ventilation, the occupants are forced to open the window to initiate natural ventilation via the direct introduction of the outside air; however, this may pose a serious challenge if the external fine-dust concentration is high. The lack of natural ventilation increases the indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus necessitating the installation of mechanical ventilation systems. This study analyzed the frequency of the application of mechanical ventilation systems in the Multi-purpose activity space of elementary schools, which are spaces where children require a higher indoor air quality than adults owing to the rapid increase in the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space during activities. In addition, the architectural and equipment factors of the Multi-purpose activity spaces of nine elementary schools were characterized. The results revealed that five out of the nine elementary schools installed mechanical ventilation systems, whereas the remaining four schools installed jet air turnover systems. The indoor air quality of the Multi-purpose activity space of D elementary school, which had the minimum facility volume among the schools investigated in this study (564.2 m3), with up to 32 participants for each activity, was investigated. The results revealed that the ultrafine-dust (PM2.5) concentration of the facility was as high as 4.75 µg/m3 at a height of 1.2 m, and the CO2 concentration was as high as 3183 ppm. The results of the analysis of three elementary schools with different volumes were compared and analyzed using CONTAM simulation. This study determined the required volume per occupant and the optimum number of occupants for a given volume and presented guidelines for the optimum number of occupants, activities, and volume to reduce the high concentration of pollutants in the analyzed Multi-purpose activity space. The guideline proposed in this study is aimed at maintaining the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space below 1000 ppm, as prescribed by the Indoor Air Quality Control in Public-Use Facilities, Etc. Act in South Korea.

scholarly journals Angka kuman udara ruang rawat inap anak dengan dan tanpa air conditioner (AC) di rumah sakit

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunah Raimunah ◽  
Leka Lutpiatina ◽  
Jasmadi Joko Kartiko ◽  
Wahdah Norsiah
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Ac Sampling ◽  
Air Ventilation

Air microorganisms can be found in outdoor or indoor air, ventilation is a very important place in the exchange of indoor air. Ventilation system is divided into two, namely natural ventilation and artificial ventilation in the form of Air Conditioner (AC). This study aims to determine the description of the number of germs in the inpatient wards of children using Air Conditioner (AC) and non (AC) at the Hospital in Martapura city area. This type of research is descriptive survey, the population is the inpatient room of children using Air Conditioner (AC) and non (AC). Sampling using purposive sampling technique, that is as much as 8 room. The examination method used is by TPC (Total Plate Count) method. The results showed that the number of airborne bacterial infections using the Air Conditioner (AC) was 406 CFU/m3. The total number of non-living inpatients (AC) is 443 CFU/m3. The standard maximum number of microorganisms (CFU / m3) of treatment room according to Kepmenkes No.1204/ Menkes/SK/X/2004 is 200-500 CFU / m3.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality Real-Time Monitoring in Airport Terminal Areas: An Opportunity for Sustainable Management of Micro-Climatic Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zanni ◽  
Francesco Lalli ◽  
Eleonora Foschi ◽  
Alessandra Bonoli ◽  
Luca Mantecchini
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Airport Terminal ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Gaseous Contaminants

Indoor air quality (IAQ) management in public spaces is assuming a remarkable importance. Busy environments, like airport terminals, are currently regarded as possible hotspots and IAQ is a crucial element for passengers and staff protection, as well as a key aspect of airport passenger experience. A one-month monitoring period has been performed on IAQ in the airport of Bologna (Italy), as prototypal example of large regional airport. Four strategic areas within the airport have been equipped with electronic monitoring platforms, including different contaminants and two microclimatic sensors. Data suggest that daily variation in IAQ parameters typically follow the activity pattern of the different environments under study (i.e., passengers’ flows) for gaseous contaminants, where particulate matter counts oscillate in a definite range, with a significant role played by ventilation system. Gaseous contaminants show a correlation between indoor and outdoor concentrations, mainly due to airside activities. Micro-climatic comfort parameters have been tested to match with standards for commercial environments. As results appears in line with typical households IAQ values, the current air ventilation system appears to be adequate. Nevertheless, an integrated air management system, based on real-time monitoring, would lead to optimization and improvement in environmental and economical sustainability.

An Attempt to Improve Air Quality in Primary Schools

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Telejko ◽  
Ewa Zender-Swiercz
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Maximum Value

Most primary school buildings in Poland rely on natural ventilation. This fact is attributed to the age of these buildings constructed more than dozen or even several tens of years ago. Few of them were fitted with a mechanical ventilation system allowing for the adjustment of microclimate parameters. The national requirements for gravity ventilation provide general guidelines, specifying strict description only for the airtightness of windows and doors and the minimum airflow to be supplied to the rooms. The minimum airflow supplied is independent of the number of occupants and purpose of the room. Low indoor air quality (IAQ) can impact occupants’ health and lead to poor productivity or low academic performance. Therefore the provision of good IAQ in classrooms and laboratories is very important. This paper presents the results of the investigation devoted to the quality of indoor air in classrooms of selected Polish primary school. Six primary school in a town with a population of 200 000 inhabitants were involved in the investigations. The participating school buildings were built between 1976 and 1994 and had gravity ventilation systems. The variability of basic IAQ parameters, i.e., temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide level, was analysed and the assessment of the classrooms in terms of microbiological purity was performed. The outcomes confirmed the low quality of the indoor air in these buildings. The maximum value of CO2 concentration amounted to more than 4000 ppm. Certain modifications aimed at improving IAQ were proposed during the investigations. Two solutions were implemented. The results of this study indicate that the proposed solution offers the potential to improve IAQ within classrooms.

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