scholarly journals Angka kuman udara ruang rawat inap anak dengan dan tanpa air conditioner (AC) di rumah sakit

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunah Raimunah ◽  
Leka Lutpiatina ◽  
Jasmadi Joko Kartiko ◽  
Wahdah Norsiah
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Ac Sampling ◽  
Air Ventilation

Air microorganisms can be found in outdoor or indoor air, ventilation is a very important place in the exchange of indoor air. Ventilation system is divided into two, namely natural ventilation and artificial ventilation in the form of Air Conditioner (AC). This study aims to determine the description of the number of germs in the inpatient wards of children using Air Conditioner (AC) and non (AC) at the Hospital in Martapura city area. This type of research is descriptive survey, the population is the inpatient room of children using Air Conditioner (AC) and non (AC). Sampling using purposive sampling technique, that is as much as 8 room. The examination method used is by TPC (Total Plate Count) method. The results showed that the number of airborne bacterial infections using the Air Conditioner (AC) was 406 CFU/m3. The total number of non-living inpatients (AC) is 443 CFU/m3. The standard maximum number of microorganisms (CFU / m3) of treatment room according to Kepmenkes No.1204/ Menkes/SK/X/2004 is 200-500 CFU / m3.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS‘VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM RENEWAL OPTIONS / DAUGIABUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ VĖDINIMO TYRIMAI IR SISTEMŲ ATNAUJINIMO GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Valančius ◽  
Sabina Paulauskaitė ◽  
Violeta Motuzienė
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Hygienic Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The paper presents experimental study of apartment buildings' ventilation parameters which was carried out during the heating season. The results show that the existing apartment buildings often don‘t guarantee the hygienic conditions that are directly related to the indoor air ventilation. Also article contains an analysis of possibilities to upgrade the ventilation systems of apartment buildings. Four ventilation systems‘ upgrade options were examined. The economic analysis showed that according to the economic aspect the best solution for mechanical ventilation in the typical apartment houses is a centralized ventilation system which operates in combination with ground heat pump when supply ducts are mounted on the building facade, and extraction takes place at existing natural ventilation system channels. Straipsnyje pateikiami daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų vėdinimo parametrų eksperimentiniai tyrimai, kurie buvo atlikti šildymo sezono metu. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad esamuose daugiabučiuose namuose dažniausiai nėra užtikrinamos higieninės sąlygos, kurios yra tiesiogiai susijusios su šių namų vėdinimu. Taip pat straipsnyje pateikiama daugiabučio vėdinimo sistemų atnaujinimo galimybių analizė. Ekonomiškai išnagrinėti keturi vėdinimo sistemų atnaujinimo variantai. Atlikus ekonominę analizę, nustatyta, jog ekonominiu aspektu geriausias mechaninio vėdinimo sprendimas tipiniame daugiabučiame name yra centralizuota vėdinimo sistema, veikianti kombinuotai su gruntiniu šilumos siurbliu, kai tiekiamieji ortakiai montuojami ant pastato fasadų, o ištraukimas vyksta esamais natūralios vėdinimo sistemos kanalais.

Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Indoor Air Quality Inside a Conditioned Space with Mechanical Ventilation and DX-Air Conditioner

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1257-1275
Author(s):  
Wisam M. Mareed ◽  
Hasanen M. Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Lecture Room ◽  
Ventilation Performance

 Elevated CO2 rates in a building affect the health of the occupant. This paper deals with an experimental and numerical analysis conducted in a full-scale test room located in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Technology. The experiments and CFD were conducted for analyzing ventilation performance. It is a study on the effect of the discharge airflow rate of the ceiling type air-conditioner on ventilation performance in the lecture room with the mixing ventilation. Most obtained findings show that database and questionnaires analyzed prefer heights between 0.2 m to 1.2 m in the middle of an occupied zone and breathing zone height of between 0.75 m to 1.8 given in the literature surveyed. It is noticed the mismatch of internal conditions with thermal comfort, and indoor air quality recommended by [ASHRAE Standard 62, ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 55-2010]. CFD simulations have been carried to provide insights on the indoor air quality and comfort conditions throughout the classroom. Particle concentrations, thermal conditions, and modified ventilation system solutions are reported.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality Real-Time Monitoring in Airport Terminal Areas: An Opportunity for Sustainable Management of Micro-Climatic Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zanni ◽  
Francesco Lalli ◽  
Eleonora Foschi ◽  
Alessandra Bonoli ◽  
Luca Mantecchini
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Airport Terminal ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Gaseous Contaminants

Indoor air quality (IAQ) management in public spaces is assuming a remarkable importance. Busy environments, like airport terminals, are currently regarded as possible hotspots and IAQ is a crucial element for passengers and staff protection, as well as a key aspect of airport passenger experience. A one-month monitoring period has been performed on IAQ in the airport of Bologna (Italy), as prototypal example of large regional airport. Four strategic areas within the airport have been equipped with electronic monitoring platforms, including different contaminants and two microclimatic sensors. Data suggest that daily variation in IAQ parameters typically follow the activity pattern of the different environments under study (i.e., passengers’ flows) for gaseous contaminants, where particulate matter counts oscillate in a definite range, with a significant role played by ventilation system. Gaseous contaminants show a correlation between indoor and outdoor concentrations, mainly due to airside activities. Micro-climatic comfort parameters have been tested to match with standards for commercial environments. As results appears in line with typical households IAQ values, the current air ventilation system appears to be adequate. Nevertheless, an integrated air management system, based on real-time monitoring, would lead to optimization and improvement in environmental and economical sustainability.

An Attempt to Improve Air Quality in Primary Schools

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Telejko ◽  
Ewa Zender-Swiercz
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Maximum Value

Most primary school buildings in Poland rely on natural ventilation. This fact is attributed to the age of these buildings constructed more than dozen or even several tens of years ago. Few of them were fitted with a mechanical ventilation system allowing for the adjustment of microclimate parameters. The national requirements for gravity ventilation provide general guidelines, specifying strict description only for the airtightness of windows and doors and the minimum airflow to be supplied to the rooms. The minimum airflow supplied is independent of the number of occupants and purpose of the room. Low indoor air quality (IAQ) can impact occupants’ health and lead to poor productivity or low academic performance. Therefore the provision of good IAQ in classrooms and laboratories is very important. This paper presents the results of the investigation devoted to the quality of indoor air in classrooms of selected Polish primary school. Six primary school in a town with a population of 200 000 inhabitants were involved in the investigations. The participating school buildings were built between 1976 and 1994 and had gravity ventilation systems. The variability of basic IAQ parameters, i.e., temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide level, was analysed and the assessment of the classrooms in terms of microbiological purity was performed. The outcomes confirmed the low quality of the indoor air in these buildings. The maximum value of CO2 concentration amounted to more than 4000 ppm. Certain modifications aimed at improving IAQ were proposed during the investigations. Two solutions were implemented. The results of this study indicate that the proposed solution offers the potential to improve IAQ within classrooms.

Acoustical Improvements with Natural Air Ventilation in the Liu Institute for Global Issues at the University of British Columbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Zohreh Razavi ◽  
Max Richter ◽  
Murray Hodgson ◽  
Alireza Khaleghi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
The University ◽  
Building Designs

Low speech privacy in shared and private offices in one of the early generation of a “green” building resulted in occupants' dissatisfaction. This problem is experienced in Liu institute with a natural-ventilation system. Such a system requires low air-flow resistance which is achieved by large openings which will result in noise transmission between various spaces within the building. The poor acoustical quality in this building resulted in occupants' noise complaints which were further investigated by way of relevant acoustical measurements. CATT-Acoustic software was utilized to modify the acoustical quality of the building without any disturbance to the occupants. The optimized design of the transfer box above the office door was selected based on CATT-Acoustic predictions. The acoustical measurements were conducted after installation of the transfer box above the office door. The measurements' results agreed with the predictions which led to improved speech privacy to an acceptable level between the office and the corridor in Liu Institute. More work should be done to improve the acoustical quality of natural-ventilated building to conform to ANSI standards.1The results of this study strongly support including acoustics in “green” building designs with natural ventilation to avoid users' complaints.

Numerical Evaluation of Ventilation Efficiency of Window Type Ventilation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950027
Author(s):  
Young Kwon Yang ◽  
Min Young Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Moon ◽  
Jin Chul Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Adverse Pressure Gradient ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Air Purifier

Ventilation in buildings is the simplest and most convenient way to purify indoor air. However, when the ventilation is not enough due to natural ventilation, it should be cleaned by mechanical ventilation or air purifier. This process requires building energy. Therefore, it is possible to save the energy of the building by merely increasing the natural ventilation efficiency. This study conducted airflow analysis simulations to investigate the effects of changes in the shape of ventilation openings and louvers on the ventilation efficiency of a window ventilation system. The streamlined window opening exhibited a greater increase in airflow (41.3%) than did the conventional window (24.3%) for the ventilation model with four openings. It was also observed that flow separation and wakes were generated by the adverse pressure gradient arising from the increased airflow speed when a louver was employed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that using a louver as a wind augmentation device is an obstacle to improving the airflow in a window ventilation system.

Experimental and Simulation Validation Methods of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) in Training Facilities Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng Chee Seng ◽  
Abdul Mutalib Leman ◽  
Azmahani Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Local Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Simulation Validation ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Real Flow

LEV is a ventilation system that collects and sucks out particles such as dusts, mists, gases, vapors or fumes out of work station, so that they can’t be breathed in by occupants. There is a lot of LEV allocated and installed in order to help protecting occupants’ health but it doesn’t work properly. To overcome this issue, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will be implemented. Past studies CFD techniques represent a very significant improvement of air ventilation systems. However, CFD is just a tool in prediction model, which can lead to inaccuracy of predicting airflow due to problems with pre-processing, solver and post-processing with parameter from actual experimental results. As of yet, it is not possible to 100% accurately simulate airflow around a body. These codes are simply models which are close to that of a real flow, but not an exact match. All of these require validation to help minimizing percentage error in CFD methodology. Several strategies are needed to boost effectiveness of LEV in terms of predicting airflow in a geometry model. The outcome of this research can be used as a benchmark or guideline for industries to help improving indoor air quality (IAQ).

scholarly journals Comparison of indoor air pollutants concentration in two Romanian classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Vasilica Vasile ◽  
Alina Dima ◽  
Elena Zorila ◽  
Andrei Istrate ◽  
Tiberiu Catalina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Hybrid Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

This paper investigates the air pollutions in space ventilated in two High School classrooms. The analysis consists of comparison of one classroom with hybrid ventilation system and another one stander-by classroom with natural ventilation. Several studies regarding indoor air quality during the experimental campaign have been done for VOC, CO2, CO, other pollutants, keeping monitored for humidity and temperature. The experimental demonstrated that the highest value for CO2 in stander-by classroom is 2691 ppm and in classroom with hybrid ventilation is 1897 ppm, while values for CO are 1.1 / 1.1 ppm and VOC 0.14 / 0.06 ppm, better use hybrid ventilation.

scholarly journals Indoor air quality improvement in natural ventilation using a fuzzy logic controller

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cezary Kulis ◽  
Jarosław Müller
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Physical Parameters

The aim of the research was to design and validate the prototype of a device developed to improve the quality of indoor air by supporting the natural ventilation in building. A CO2 sensor and thermo-hygrometer were used to measure the physical parameters of the indoor air. The developed device is based on the Raspberry Pi single-board-computer (SBC) and optical sensors. The prototype casing was made using 3D printing technology. The software was written using the Python 2.7 programming language. The key algorithm of control uses fuzzy logic. The effectiveness of the developed device has been confirmed. The use of the device enabled improvement of the indoor air quality. The presented device may be a solution to improve the indoor air quality by supporting the ventilation system.

scholarly journals The Determination of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort with Different Space and Ventilation in the Teracce and Bungalow Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-793
Author(s):  
Nur Baitul Izati Rasli ◽  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Mohd Rodzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Air Movement

This study observed the influence of different ventilation, indoor and outdoor activities (i.e., cooking, praying, sweeping, gathering, and exhaust from motorcycle) between a bungalow house (i.e., stack and cross ventilation applications) and a terrace house (i.e., one-sided ventilation application). We appraised the indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort. We monitored the indoor air contaminants (i.e., TVOC, CO, CH2O, PM10, O3, and CO2) and specific physical parameters (i.e., T, RH, and AS) for four days in the morning (i.e., 6.00 a.m. – 9.00 a.m.), morning-evening (i.e., 11.00 a.m. – 2.00 p.m.), and evening-night (i.e., 5.00 p.m. – 8.00 p.m.) sessions. The results found that cooking activities are the major activities that contributed to the increase of the TVOC, CO, PM10, O3, and CO2 concentrations in the bungalow and terrace houses. However, IAQ exceeded the Industry Code of Practice on IAQ (ICOP) limit in the terrace house. The bungalow house applies stack and cross ventilation, double area, and a long pathway of indoor air contaminants movements. Besides that, the results indicated that cooking activities worsen the ventilation system because CO2 exceeded the ICOP limit on Day 2 at 74.1 % (evening-night session) and Day 3 at 13.2 % (morning session), 11% (morning-evening session), and 50.1 % (evening-night session). Moreover, the combination of mechanical (i.e., opened all fans) and natural ventilation (i.e., opened all doors, windows, and fans) is the best application in the house without a cooking ventilator with lower indoor air movement. Furthermore, the temperatures exceeding the ICOP limit of 23-26 °C for both bungalow and terrace houses could be lower indoor air movement, which is less than the ICOP limit of 0.15-0.5 m/s and high outdoor air temperature. Therefore, it is prudent to have an efficient ventilation system for acceptable indoor air quality and thermal comfort in the family house.

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