scholarly journals COUPLING MODELS OF ROAD TUNNEL TRAFFIC, VENTILATION AND EVACUATION

Transport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Blaž Luin ◽  
Stojan Petelin
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Tunnel Model ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
And Training

As road tunnel accidents can result in numerous fatalities and injuries, attention must be paid to accident prevention and management. To address this issue, use of integrated tunnel model for system evaluation and training of road tunnel operators on computer simulator is presented. A unified tunnel model, including traffic, meteorological conditions, ventilation and evacuation that is presented. An overview of simulation models, simulator architecture and challenges during the development are discussed. The integrated tunnel model is used as a core of a simulation system that is capable of reproducing tunnel accidents in real time and it interfaces with Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) interfaces used in real tunnel control centres. It enables operators to acquire experience they could otherwise get only during major accidents or costly exercises. It also provides the possibility for evaluation of tunnel control algorithms and Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) for efficient operation of all safety systems during upgrades and maintenance. Finally, application of the model for accident analysis and optimization of emergency ventilation control is presented where it was used to identify cause of emergency ventilation malfunction and design fault.

Design and Simulation of Pedal Simulator in Brake by Wire System

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1358-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhu ◽  
Fen Zhu Ji ◽  
Xiao Xu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Pedal Force ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
System A ◽  
Pedal Feel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wire System

Wire of the brake pedal is not directly connected to the hydraulic environment in the braking By-wire system so the driver has no direct pedal feel. Then pedal simulator is an important part in the brake-by-wire system. A pedal force simulator was designed based on the traditional brake pedal curve of pedal force and pedal travel, AMESim and Matlab / Simulink were used as a platform to build simulation models and control algorithms. The simulation results show that the pedal stroke simulator and the control strategy meet the performance requirements of traditional braking system. It can be used in brake by wire system.

scholarly journals Road Signs Perception Evaluation by Means of a Semi-immersive Tool

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Roberto Vigano ◽  
Edoardo Rovida ◽  
Riccardo Vincenti ◽  
Marco Ramondino
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
And Training

To reduce the number of road accident victims the European Commission has encouraged the European member states to implement a series of actions in this field. These actions include the development of intelligent and integrated safety systems as well as educational and training initiatives. Educational initiatives include the training of the drivers to improve their ability and sense of responsibility. In addition to the direct use of the vehicle, the training includes the recognition of the traffic signs. Since the recognition may be influenced by both the position of the signal and the weather conditions, the authors have studied the possibility of evaluate the drivers' perception of road signs by means of a virtual environment tool able to perform different operative conditions. A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the visualization tool created and its ability to replace other recognition tests. This paper reports first tests results.

Simulation in Teaching and Training

2011 ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Alke Martens
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
And Training

Simulation has always been about learning. For being able to simulate something, a model of a system must be developed. Thus, the perspective of teaching and training with modeling and simulation is necessarily twofold. Sometimes the model builders are the primary learners. They learn by constructing models of scratch, and by changing model parameters. Sometimes the users of the simulation models are the target learners. They learn by interacting with a simulation. Sometimes, the learners are not aware that they interact with a simulation.

scholarly journals Measurements and fire simulation models in road tunnels

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Danišovič ◽  
Juraj Šrámek ◽  
Michal Hodoň ◽  
Ján Glasa ◽  
Peter Weisenpacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
In Situ Experiment ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Tunnel Safety

Ventilation system of road tunnel is one of the most important parts of the tunnel safety equipment, especially in view of the emergency event in the tunnel with fire. Last year we presented the testing and the first in situ measurements of our project entitled “Models of formation and spread of fire to increase safety of road tunnels”. With regard to our project schedule we performed also the second in situ experiment. Other part of this paper deals with computer simulations of fires of a selected Slovak road tunnel.

Energy-Saving Performance Studies of Road Tunnel Luminaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Shi Juan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Tunnel Model ◽  
Lighting Simulation ◽  
Reasonable Choice

Reasonable choice of light sources was the key to achieve energy-saving of tunnel lighting. Performance comparisons of light sources were completed, tunnel model was designed with lighting software-DIAlux based on characteristics and design demands of tunnel lighting. Simulation experiments for HPS (high pressure sodium) and LED (light-emitting diode) were made in the tunnel model, lighting effects of HPS and LED in each zone of the tunnel were analyzed, the results show that LED has higher lighting efficiency and can save more 40% power energy than HPS under the same lighting condition and the same road surface average-luminance, and LED has better road surface lighting effects and better color rendering than HPS.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Smoke Propagation in a Simulated Fire in a Wagon Within a Subway Tunnel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Vittori ◽  
Luis Rojas-Solo´rzano ◽  
Armando J. Blanco ◽  
Rafael Urbina
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Longitudinal Ventilation ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Tunnel Section ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Set Up

This work deals with the numerical (CFD) analysis of the smoke propagation during fires within closed environments. It is evaluated the capacity of the emergency ventilation system in controlling the smoke propagation and minimizing the deadly impact of an eventual fire in a wagon within the Metro de Caracas subway tunnel on the passengers safety. For the study, it was chosen the tunnel section between Teatros and Nuevo Circo subway stations, which consists of two parallel independent twin tunnels, connected through a transverse passage. The tunnels are provided by a longitudinal ventilation system, integrated by a set of reversible fans located at both ends of the tunnels. Three stages were considered in the study: (a) Model set up; (b) Mesh sensitivity analysis; (c) Validation of the physical-numerical parameters to be used in the numerical model; and (d) Simulation of fire scenarios in Metro de Caracas subway stations. Stages (b)–(c), aimed to testing and calibrating the CFD tool (ANSYS-CFX10™), focused on reproducing experimental data from Vauquelin and Me´gret [1], who studied the smoke propagation in a fire within a 1:20 scale road tunnel. Stage (d) critical scenarios were established via a preliminary discussion with safety experts from Metro de Caracas, in order to reduce the computer memory and the number of simulations to be performed. The analyses assessed the reliability of escape routes and alternative paths for the evacuation of passengers. Additionally, the smoke front movement was particularly computed, as a function of time, in order to determine the possible presence of the “backlayering” phenomenon [5]. Results demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the current ventilation system in the event of a fire in the subway tunnel, and suggest new strategies to address this potentially lethal event to minimize the risks for passengers.

Using Advanced Driving Simulator as Design Tool in Road Tunnel Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Lidström
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Tunnel Model ◽  
Tunnel Design

To obtain more information for tunnel design problems, a virtual model of some proposed tunnel designs was developed to demonstrate the design in advance and to be used as a platform for future tunnel research projects. By combining this model with an advanced driving simulator, the designers can virtually drive through their drawings before construction work is started. In comparison with traditional animation techniques, an interactive virtual model combined with a driving simulator has proved to be useful in many aspects. It is an excellent tool for testing proposed positions of road signs in the tunnel. It is easier to compare alternative sign positions with the three-dimensional virtual tunnel model than with ordinary drawings. Some visual traps not foreseen in the original sign-position design were corrected after detection in the simulator. Traffic engineers reported that they became involved in the tunnel design process at an earlier stage than before, enabling them to work in the final tunnel environment long before the actual tunnel was built. The ability to work early in the design process makes it possible for traffic engineers, architects, and safety engineers to evaluate their designs while other solutions still can be considered.

scholarly journals Temperature stratification in a road tunnel

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Kalech ◽  
Zouhaier Mehrez ◽  
Mourad Bouterra ◽  
Cafsi el ◽  
Ali Belghith
Keyword(s):  
Richardson Number ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Smoke Flow ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
And Training ◽  
Good Agreement

Tests were conducted to study the temperature distribution and stratification of smoke in a tunnel at one-dimensional propagation phase, the ventilation strategy varies in these trials. Numerical results showed that there are three layers of flow in the different strategies, the smoke layer, intermediate mixture layer and training fresh air layer. A barrier effect has been shown for the distribution of the temperature of the smoke upstream. The temperature and the velocity of movement of the smoke flow were influenced by the type of ventilation strategy. Stratification of the flow is characterized by a Richardson number. This numerical study requires validation with the work of Hu et al. [11]. However, a good agreement was obtained.

scholarly journals Impact of Two Distinct Dental Anesthesia Simulation Models on the Perception of Learning by Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Jadith Merino-Parra DDS ◽  
Ricardo E. Madrazo-Meneses DDS ◽  
Takashi Komabayashi DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Bernardino I. Cerda-Cristerna DDS, MSc, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Dental Anesthesia ◽  
Conduction Anesthesia ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia ◽  
And Training

We evaluated an infiltration anesthesia simulation model (IAM) and a conduction anesthesia simulation model (CAM) on the perception of learning by Mexican dental students. Our aim was to compare the perception of learning by dental students trained with two distinct dental anesthesia simulation model (DASM) with dental students who were not trained with a DASM. 3 groups participated in the study: G1 (N=12 students) learned to block the mental nerve (BMN) by participating in a theoretical lecture (stage 1) and a clinical demonstration (stage 2); G2 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the CAM; G3 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the IAM. The groups performed the BMN in a clinical exercise. Working-time of all participants was timed. Perception of learning for all participants was evaluated with a 5-point Likert Scale. The results showed that statistically significant differences were found between score of G1 and score of G2 and score of G3 (P<0.05).  No statistically significant differences were found between scores of G2 and scores of G3. G1, G2 and G3 showed an average working-time of 12:42 minutes, 9.75 minutes and 8:03 minutes, respectively (P<0.05). We concluded that the IAM and CAM showed a positive impact on the perception of learning, and the students trained with the IAM showed a shorter working time compared with the students trained with the CAM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document