Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk markers in HIV-infected patients receiving abacavir and tenofovir: the nucleoside inflammation, coagulation and endothelial function (NICE) study

Sleep is critical for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and, as such, inadequate sleep beckons a myriad of pathologies. Sleep deprivation is a growing health concern in contemporary society since short sleep durations are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and atherosclerotic plaque development. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an antecedent to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review seminal literature indicating that short sleep durations attenuate endothelial function and explore more recent evidence indicating that sleep deprivation perturbs autonomic balance and the circadian rhythmicity of peripheral vascular clock components. We further examine literature that indicates a mechanistic link between short sleep duration and endothelial dysfunction and subsequent morbidity. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate endothelial function in the context of sleep deprivation facilitates the development and optimization of interventions, such as exercise, that mitigate the ramifications of inadequate sleep on vascular function and cardiovascular health. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sleep-deprivation-and-endothelial-function/

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Digital phenotyping by consumer wearables identifies sleep-associated markers of cardiovascular disease risk and biological aging

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-019-0605-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Xian Teo ◽

Sonia Davila ◽

Chengxi Yang ◽

An An Hii ◽

Chee Jian Pua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Total Sleep Time ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Biological Aging ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Telomere Attrition ◽

Digital Phenotyping

Abstract Sleep is associated with various health outcomes. Despite their growing adoption, the potential for consumer wearables to contribute sleep metrics to sleep-related biomedical research remains largely uncharacterized. Here we analyzed sleep tracking data, along with questionnaire responses and multi-modal phenotypic data generated from 482 normal volunteers. First, we compared wearable-derived and self-reported sleep metrics, particularly total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). We then identified demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with wearable-derived TST; they included age, gender, occupation and alcohol consumption. Multi-modal phenotypic data analysis showed that wearable-derived TST and SE were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers such as body mass index and waist circumference, whereas self-reported measures were not. Using wearable-derived TST, we showed that insufficient sleep was associated with premature telomere attrition. Our study highlights the potential for sleep metrics from consumer wearables to provide novel insights into data generated from population cohort studies.

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Comparison of the Effect of Hypertriglyceridemia on Non-HDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B as Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers∗,†

Journal of Clinical Lipidology ◽

10.1016/j.jacl.2020.05.047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 571-572

Author(s):

Cathy Sun ◽

Diane Brisson ◽

Christopher McCudden ◽

Julie Shaw ◽

Daniel Gaudet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Risk Markers

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Vitamin D Receptor Activation Mitigates the Impact of Uremia on Endothelial Function in the 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2010/625852 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. Ruth Wu-Wong ◽

William Noonan ◽

Masaki Nakane ◽

Kristin A. Brooks ◽

Jason A. Segreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

The Impact

Endothelial dysfunction increases cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates whether VDR activation affects endothelial function in CKD. The 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency were treated with or without paricalcitol, a VDR activator. Thoracic aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine and then treated with acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. Uremia significantly affected aortic relaxation (% in NX rats versus % in SHAM at 30 M acetylcholine). The endothelial-dependent relaxation was improved to –%, –%, and –% in NX rats treated with paricalcitol at 0.021, 0.042, and 0.083 g/kg for two weeks, respectively, while paricalcitol at 0.042 g/kg did not affect blood pressure and heart rate. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression alone did not improve endothelial function since cinacalcet suppressed PTH without affecting endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abolished the effect of paricalcitol on improving endothelial function. These results demonstrate that VDR activation improves endothelial function in CKD.

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