scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1305
Author(s):  
Waing Waing Moe Sann ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Kiatichai Faksri ◽  
Thyn Lei Swe ◽  
Kyi Kyi Swe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
Expected Proportion

Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares. Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1). One hundred and forty Mtb isolates were genotyped using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping. Lineage classification and TB transmission analysis were performed. Results: 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing identified 135 unique profiles and two clusters compared to 35 spoligotyping profiles which contained 12 clusters and 23 unique isolates, Beijing (n=100, 71.4%) was found to be prominent lineage by combine two methods. The expected proportion attributable to recent transmission based on clustering rate was 2.1%. One cluster case was more likely to be in MDR patient. Conclusions: Our findings showed Beijing genotypes were dominant in Upper Myanmar. The usage and analysis of 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing might prove useful for our broader understanding of TB outbreaks and epidemiology than spoligotyping. The genotypic pattern of this combined method suggests that the lower transmission rate may be due to a higher possibility of reactivation cases in Upper Myanmar.

scholarly journals First insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863
Author(s):  
Aída Cristina do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Lucilaine Ferrazoli ◽  
Vera Simonsen ◽  
Joice Neves Reis ◽  
Susan Martins Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

This study constitutes a first attempt to describe the genetic population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. A total of 56 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, identified between March and June 2008, were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP). The study population was characterized by a predominance of males (71.43%) over 30 years of age (68.75%). Forty-one isolates were found to belong to a single pattern (73.2%), while 15 (26.7%) were found in group patterns, forming six clusters. The higher level of diversity observed is much more suggestive of endogenous reactivation than recent transmission.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1: “The Tortoise and the Hare”

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Pereira ◽  
Carlos Magalhães ◽  
Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽  
Nuno S. Osório
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Viral Mutant ◽  
Hiv 1

The already enormous burden caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) alone is aggravated by co-infection. Despite obvious differences in the rate of evolution comparing these two human pathogens, genetic diversity plays an important role in the success of both. The extreme evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 is in the basis of a robust capacity to evade immune responses, to generate drug-resistance and to diversify the population-level reservoir of M group viral subtypes. Compared to HIV-1 and other retroviruses, M. tuberculosis generates minute levels of genetic diversity within the host. However, emerging whole-genome sequencing data show that the M. tuberculosis complex contains at least nine human-adapted phylogenetic lineages. This level of genetic diversity results in differences in M. tuberculosis interactions with the host immune system, virulence and drug resistance propensity. In co-infected individuals, HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis are likely to co-colonize host cells. However, the evolutionary impact of the interaction between the host, the slowly evolving M. tuberculosis bacteria and the HIV-1 viral “mutant cloud” is poorly understood. These evolutionary dynamics, at the cellular niche of monocytes/macrophages, are also discussed and proposed as a relevant future research topic in the context of single-cell sequencing.

embB Gene association with Ethambutol drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3273-3276
Author(s):  
Sana Hafeez ◽  
Haleema Sajid ◽  
Farouk Qamar Malik ◽  
Imran Ali Zaidi ◽  
Sobia Niaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Codon Position ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
Embb Gene

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is fatal and life threatening infectious disease. The transmission rate of tuberculosis is very high. Various drugs are used as treatment for TB. Recently it has been observed that one of the most important factor for fast TB spread is development of anti-TB drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Various combination of drugs like isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), Streptomycin(SM), pyrazinamide (PZA) or ethambutol (EMB) are in global use for TB treatment. Improper usage of these drugs makes the person prone to develop anti-TB drug resistant tuberculosis. Aim: To evaluate association of embB gene with ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Methods: 104 Specimens of sputum from suspected tuberculosis patients were processed for inoculation in Lowenstein J Medium after it has been decontaminated properly. Kit method by using QIAamp DNA Mini kit was utilized for extraction of DNA. Then region from base 6953 to 10249 of embB gene was amplified through PCR and then followed by sequencing with the aid of softwares blast2seq and ClustalW2. Three primer sets were utilized to amplify embB gene. Ethambutol (EMB) Resistant MTB specimens were processed to study mutation in embB gene. Results: Out of the total 104 sputum specimens, 14 samples were found to have ethambutol resistance. These 14 samples were then processed for mutational analysis. DNA sequence analysis of these 14 samples confirmed embB gene mutation in 10 samples. Mutational analysis revealed that 08 samples showed mutation at codon 306 and two samples showed mutation at 319 codon. The reported mutation Methionine →Isoleucine was seen in 07 samples with ATG codon replaced by ATA codon at codon position 306. One sample showed mutation as Methionine →Isoleucine with ATG codon replaced by ATC codon at codon position 306. Two samples showed mutation as Tyrosine →Serine with TAT codon replaced by TCT at 319 codon position in embB gene. Conclusion: This study concludes that mutation of certain genes particularly point mutation of embB gene at codon 306 and 319 is associated with drug resistance of ethambutol in ethambutol resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis patients. Keywords: Ethambutol, embB gene, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis East African–Indian family in three tropical Asian countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Yuan Chen ◽  
Jia-Ru Chang ◽  
Wei-Feng Huang ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Han-Yin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
East African ◽  
Indian Family

scholarly journals Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in Shaanxi Province, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242971
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yu Pang ◽  
Tianhua Zhang ◽  
Xiaoping Xian ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beijing Family ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Discriminatory Index

Objectives The prevalence of drug-resistant TB in Shaanxi Province is higher than other areas. This study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains in Shaanxi Province, China. Methods From January to December 2016, a total of 298 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were genotyped by Mcspoligotyping and 15-locus VNTR. Results We found that the Beijing family strains was the most prominent family(81.54%, 243/298). Other family strains included T family(9.06%, 27/298), U family(0.67%, 2/298), LAM9 family(0.34%, 1/298) and Manu family(0.34%, 1/298). The rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M.Tuberculosis, age, type of case and education between Beijing and non-Beijing family strains were not statistically different, while the distribution in the three different regions among these was statistically significant. VNTR results showed that strains were classified into 280 genotypes, and 33 (11.07%) strains could be grouped into 14 clusters. 11 of the 15-VNTR loci were highly or moderately discriminative according to the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index. Conclusions We concluded that the Beijing family genotype was the most prevalent genotype and 15-locus VNTR typing might be suitable for genotyping of M. tuberculosis in Shaanxi Province. There was less association between Beijing family genotypes and drug resistance in our study area.

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