scholarly journals Sensitivity of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Surveillance in the Brazilian Federal District, using the Capture-Recapture Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1507-1514
Author(s):  
Ana Flavia De Morais Oliveira ◽  
Luciana Guerra Gallo ◽  
Mábia Milhomem Bastos ◽  
Amanda Amaral Abrahão ◽  
Paulo Rufalco-Moutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Guillain Barré

Introduction: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy that compromises the peripheral and cranial nerves. It is characterized by rapid-onset paresthesia accompanied by progressive weakness in the lower extremities followed by symmetric ascending paralysis. Methodology: assessment of sensitivity to detect GBS between March 2017 and May 2019 in a public referral hospital, using the capture-recapture method based on the Chapman estimator and comparing three GBS data sources: the hospital-based sentinel surveillance system (VSBH), Human Immunoglobulin Dispensing Records System (RDIH), and Hospital Information System (SIH). Results: A total of 259 possible cases were identified (captured). Of these, 58 were confirmed and most resided in the Federal District. The VSBH showed the greatest sensitivity in case identification. The temporal distribution of cases showed periods with no cases identified, and more were registered during the rainy season from October to May, when high temperatures also occur. Conclusions: Increased circulation of arboviruses and gastrointestinal infections during the rainy season may explain the greater concentration of GBS cases. It is important to note that one-third of the cases identified in the different data sources do not converge, demonstrating that no single surveillance system is 100% effective. The severity and possible increase in cases related to GBS demonstrates the need for an improved surveillance system capable of monitoring and following-up cases involving neurological syndromes, regardless of the event preceding infection.

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B Goldberg ◽  
Molly Paras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, which present with acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are an extremely common medical complaint, with an annual incidence of 0.6 illnesses per person. Transmission can occur from animals to person, from person to person, or by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In the United States, more than 90% of cases are caused by viruses, with norovirus being by far the most common. Common among bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal infection are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile. These infections are typically self-limited, but depending on the etiologic agent and characteristics of the host, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Certain gastrointestinal infections are associated with significant complications, including reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or septicemia. This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references. Key words: Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, Shiga toxin, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia

scholarly journals Child with Guillain-Barré Syndrome Responding to Plasmapheresis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Sarmad Al Hamdani ◽  
Fatema Yusuf Aljanabi ◽  
Maryam Isa Abdulrasool ◽  
Alaa Haitham Salman
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
First Session

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has long been regarded as the first-line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with plasmapheresis only being reserved for severe cases or used as an additional therapy of unproven efficacy. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old girl with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), a rapidly progressive subtype of GBS that caused her to fall into respiratory failure. The patient failed to show a response 10 days after starting IVIG, but showed rather quick improvement with plasmapheresis. She received a total of 5 sessions of plasmapheresis on alternate days over a course of 8 days. Before starting plasmapheresis, her muscle strength was 2/5 in both upper limbs and 1/5 in both lower limbs, and she was dependent on mechanical ventilation. Following the first session, her power improved from 2/5 to 4/5 in the upper limbs, and the gag and sucking reflexes were recovered. On day 3, after the second session was initiated, she was extubated successfully (having been on a ventilator for 2 weeks) and remained on continuous positive airway pressure for the next 48 h, after which she was on room air. In addition, she was having hypertension from the first day of the diagnosis (which was due to autonomic instability), which improved after clonidine to maintain her blood pressure. She was also initially having urinary retention, then was off Foley’s catheter. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 weeks following the first session of plasmapheresis, with power grade 4/5 in both her upper and lower limbs. Her cranial nerves had recovered fully, and she was able to walk with aids.

scholarly journals Guillain barre syndrome and its association with covid-19 infection – A clinical case series

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
Madhavi Karri ◽  
Deepak Jacob ◽  
Balakrishnan Ramasamy ◽  
Santhosh Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Nerve Conduction Studies ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2). This pandemic has been globally alarming in the current period. Several neurological manifestations are reported occurring with the infection. Guillain barre syndrome (GBS) or acute onset inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy has been among the frequent manifestations observed among them. To know the pattern and outcome of GBS in COVID-19 affected individuals. We have taken six individuals admitted with flaccid quadriparesis in the last two months. All were affected recently by COVID 19 infection, which RT PCR of the nasopharyngeal swab confirmed. The study participants have undergone nerve conduction studies and have been diagnosed with Guillain Barre syndrome using Brighton criteria. We did cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis after admission. We initiated all patients on Intravenous immunoglobulin according to body weight (2g/kg divided over five days). We used the Barthel index score to assess the outcome of the individuals. We observed a mean duration of 18.25 days between the COVID-19 infection and the onset of symptoms. Apart from motor quadriparesis and sensory symptoms being in common, we also noticed cranial nerves and autonomic involvement. We made the diagnosis using the nerve conduction studies and Brighton criteria. After initiating intravenous immunoglobulin, all patients had a good outcome, and quality of life was better after two months of follow up. Guillain Barre syndrome is one of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and has a dramatic response with intravenous immunoglobulin and better outcome with treatment.

scholarly journals Guillain–Barré syndrome: pathophysiology, etiology, causes, and treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmathulla S. Rahman ◽  
Moayyad S. Bauthman ◽  
Amer M. Alanazi ◽  
Naif N. Alsillah ◽  
Ziyad M. Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a polyradiculoneuropathy autoimmune disease that is characterized by significant inflammation that affects the peripheral nervous system in a rapidly progressive pattern that is mainly clinically presented by muscle weakness. The present literature review aims to broadly discuss GBS: etiology, pathophysiology and management in order to gain an understading of the existing studies that are relevant to this literature review. Among the reported antibodies, anti-GM1 and anti-GQ1B have been reported to be responsible for attacking and damaging either the neuromuscular junctions or peripheral nerves. Moreover, it has been found that the anti-GD1a antibodies in patients bind to the neuromuscular junction and also bind to the nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral nerves and the paranodal myelin of the affected nerves. Reports have shown that this disease is identified as special forms of neuropathies that develop in immune-mediated, post-infection sequelae. Furthermore, in another study it was reported that Molecular mimicry has been previously reported to significantly correlate with the development of the disease as it was investigated in animal models. In addition, Campylobacter jejuni, a pathogen that causes gastrointestinal infections has been previously reported to predispose to the development of GBS in humans. However, scientists have found that plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) remain the most significant and efficacious factors in managing the disease. Nevertheless, recent trials have investigated other approaches that are less efficacious and can lead to serious adverse events and complications. 

scholarly journals Case Report: Acute Bulbar Palsy Plus Syndrome: A Guillain-Barré Syndrome Variant More Prone to Be a Subtype Than Overlap of Distinct Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Cao ◽  
Hong Chu ◽  
Xiujuan Fu ◽  
Jiajia Yao ◽  
Zheman Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Bulbar Palsy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Framework ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Guillain Barré

Objective: Acute bulbar palsy plus (ABPp) syndrome is a rare regional variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) characterized by acute bulbar palsy combined with other cranial symptoms or ataxia without limb and neck weakness. We aim to investigate characteristics of ABPp syndrome and analyze its nosological position within the GBS spectrum.Methods: A patient with ABPp syndrome was reported, and previous case reports of patients who met the criteria for ABPp syndrome from the literature were reviewed.Results: A total of 28 patients were included in our study. Median age was 32 years. Most of the patients (78.6%) were from Asia, and 75.0% had preceding infection. The main accompanying symptoms were ophthalmoplegia (85.7%), facial palsy (60.7%), and ataxia (50.0%). There existed asymmetric weakness in the form of unilateral facial palsy (32.1%) and ptosis (3.6%). Approximately half of the patients had albuminocytological dissociation. All the tested patients were seropositive for antiganglioside antibodies, of which the two most common were immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-GT1a (77.3%) and anti-GQ1b (59.1%) antibodies. Over one-third of the patients who underwent electrophysiological assessment showed subclinical neuropathy beyond cranial nerves. The outcome was generally favorable as 89.3% of patients made full recovery within 5 months.Conclusion: The hitherto largest case series of ABPp syndrome advances our understanding of this disease. Serologically, the presence of IgG anti-GT1a and anti-GQ1b antibodies predicts and contributes to the disease. Phenotypically, ABPp syndrome is more prone to be a separate subtype of GBS than overlap of distinct subtypes and has the potential to complement current diagnostic framework of GBS.

Guillain – Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Tsoma
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Neurological manifestations of COVID‑19 infection are caused by its effects on CNS (headache, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, etc.) and PNS (anosmia, ageusia, visual impairment, radiculo‑ and neuropathy). Guillain – Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disease associated with damage to the peripheral nervous system. 40 — 70 % of cases are associated with a previous infection: cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni etc. The clinical characteristics of this condition are progressive muscle weakness, reduction or loss of tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia and areflexia), paresthesias, paresis of the cranial nerves. The diagnosis is based on clinical data, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (protein level, cytosis, antigangliosid antibodies), as well as electroneuromyography. Most patients with Guillain – Barré syndrome totally recover. However, the most dangerous and severe complication of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is paralysis of the respiratory muscles. About a quarter of patients require urgent treatment at intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and/or tracheostomy. Mortality in Guillain – Barré syndrome can reach to 10 %. There have been several reports of COVID‑19‑related GBS in the world scientific medical literature during the last year, but more information about this association and its implications is still missing. The aim of this report was to analyze the available information about cases of Guillain – Barré syndrome associated with COVID‑19 infection, to compare different variants of this condition and to share our own experience in clinical management of such patient.

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B Goldberg ◽  
Molly Paras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, which present with acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are an extremely common medical complaint, with an annual incidence of 0.6 illnesses per person. Transmission can occur from animals to person, from person to person, or by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In the United States, more than 90% of cases are caused by viruses, with norovirus being by far the most common. Common among bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal infection are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile. These infections are typically self-limited, but depending on the etiologic agent and characteristics of the host, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Certain gastrointestinal infections are associated with significant complications, including reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or septicemia. This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references. Key words: Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, Shiga toxin, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B Goldberg ◽  
Molly Paras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, which present with acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are an extremely common medical complaint, with an annual incidence of 0.6 illnesses per person. Transmission can occur from animals to person, from person to person, or by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In the United States, more than 90% of cases are caused by viruses, with norovirus being by far the most common. Common among bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal infection are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile. These infections are typically self-limited, but depending on the etiologic agent and characteristics of the host, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Certain gastrointestinal infections are associated with significant complications, including reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or septicemia. This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references. Key words: Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, Shiga toxin, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia

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