scholarly journals Guillain–Barré syndrome: pathophysiology, etiology, causes, and treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmathulla S. Rahman ◽  
Moayyad S. Bauthman ◽  
Amer M. Alanazi ◽  
Naif N. Alsillah ◽  
Ziyad M. Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a polyradiculoneuropathy autoimmune disease that is characterized by significant inflammation that affects the peripheral nervous system in a rapidly progressive pattern that is mainly clinically presented by muscle weakness. The present literature review aims to broadly discuss GBS: etiology, pathophysiology and management in order to gain an understading of the existing studies that are relevant to this literature review. Among the reported antibodies, anti-GM1 and anti-GQ1B have been reported to be responsible for attacking and damaging either the neuromuscular junctions or peripheral nerves. Moreover, it has been found that the anti-GD1a antibodies in patients bind to the neuromuscular junction and also bind to the nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral nerves and the paranodal myelin of the affected nerves. Reports have shown that this disease is identified as special forms of neuropathies that develop in immune-mediated, post-infection sequelae. Furthermore, in another study it was reported that Molecular mimicry has been previously reported to significantly correlate with the development of the disease as it was investigated in animal models. In addition, Campylobacter jejuni, a pathogen that causes gastrointestinal infections has been previously reported to predispose to the development of GBS in humans. However, scientists have found that plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) remain the most significant and efficacious factors in managing the disease. Nevertheless, recent trials have investigated other approaches that are less efficacious and can lead to serious adverse events and complications. 

scholarly journals Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Campylobacter jejuni Infection: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurun Nahar Mawla ◽  
Shahin Sultana ◽  
Nayareen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Campylobacter Infection

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a neurologic disease that produces ascending paralysis, affects people all over the world. Acute infectious illness precedes 50%-75% of the GBS cases. Although many infectious agents have been associated with GBS, the strongest documented association is with Campylobacter infection. The first line of evidence supporting Campylobacter infection as a trigger of GBS is anecdotal reports. The second line of evidence is serological surveys, which have demonstrated that sera from GBS patients contain anti Campylobacter jejuni antibodies, consistent with recent infection. Finally, culture studies have proven that a high proportion of GBS patients have C. jejuni in their stools at the time of onset of neurological symptoms. One of every 1058 Campylobacter infections results in GBS. Sialic acid containing lipooligosaccharides (LOS) biosynthesis gene locus are associated with GBS and the expression of ganglioside mimicking structures. GM1a was the most prevalent ganglioside mimic in GBS associated strains. Molecular mimicry between C. jejuni LOS and gangliosides in human peripheral nerves, and cross-reactive serum antibody precipitate the majority of GBS cases in Bangladesh, like worldwide. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v2i1.17794 Delta Med Col J. Jan 2014; 2(1): 28-35

scholarly journals Guillain–Barre Syndrome: A Rare Presentation of Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy with Type 1 Lepra Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Dash ◽  
Alvee Saluja ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Rohit Bhatia ◽  
Manjari Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infection ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

ABSTRACTGuillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy usually preceded by respiratory tract or gastrointestinal infection. The pathogenesis in GBS is based on molecular mimicry mechanism. Hansen's disease is common in India and is the most common infectious cause of neuropathy. We describe a 42-year-old man who was being treated for borderline tuberculoid leprosy and developed Type 1 lepra reaction followed by GBS and responded to plasmapheresis. Lepra reaction may lead to exposure of neural antigens, resulting in autoimmune mechanism and demyelination of peripheral nerves.

scholarly journals Guillain–Barre Syndrome following SARS-COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singhai ◽  
Akshit Budhiraja
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Guillain Barré

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus that started in Wuhan City in China in December 2019. It can cause acute respiratory infection. Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by rapidly progressing ascending paralysis that is triggered by an infection or immune stimulation which produces an abnormal immune response that targets peripheral nerves. In most cases, it is preceded by a bacterial or viral infection. This is a case of a 36-year-old male patient from India who developed progressive acute flaccid paralysis after SARS-COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination and lab studies lead to the diagnosis of GBS. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and supportive treatment. Following treatment, there was a substantial improvement in weakness as reported by the patient and was confirmed by clinical evaluation. This is an uncommon manifestation of SARS-COVID-19 infection and suggests the presence of an immune-mediated process leading to damage of the nervous system.

scholarly journals Reworsening of Recurrent Guillain-Barré Syndrome Triggered by COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Vita ◽  
Carmen Terranova ◽  
Maria Sframeli ◽  
Antonio Toscano ◽  
Giuseppe Vita
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated, generalized polyradiculoneuropathy often triggered by a bacterial or viral infection, vaccination, or surgery. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, some patients were reported with GBS associated COVID-19 infection. Case Presentation: We report, herein, a patient who had a recurrent GBS after forty years. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) induced improvement, but her condition worsened suddenly after twenty days, coinciding with a COVID-19 infection. A second IVIg cycle was administered, and she improved again. Conclusion: The take-home message is that in the current pandemic, any re-worsening or lack of improvement after appropriate treatment of GBS or possibly other autoimmune neurological diseases must be checked to determine if it is related to COVID-19 infection.

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B Goldberg ◽  
Molly Paras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, which present with acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are an extremely common medical complaint, with an annual incidence of 0.6 illnesses per person. Transmission can occur from animals to person, from person to person, or by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In the United States, more than 90% of cases are caused by viruses, with norovirus being by far the most common. Common among bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal infection are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile. These infections are typically self-limited, but depending on the etiologic agent and characteristics of the host, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Certain gastrointestinal infections are associated with significant complications, including reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or septicemia. This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references. Key words: Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, Shiga toxin, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia

Co-existent ulcerative colitis and Guillain–Barré syndrome: a case report and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Tominaga ◽  
Atsunori Tsuchiya ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Atsushi Kimura ◽  
Chiyumi Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

scholarly journals Is Guillain-Barrè syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2? Case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Agosti ◽  
Andrea Giorgianni ◽  
Francesco D’Amore ◽  
Gabriele Vinacci ◽  
Sergio Balbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré
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