scholarly journals Association of low birth weight and placental malarial infection in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Aribodor ◽  
Obioma C. Nwaorgu ◽  
Christine I. Eneanya ◽  
Ikechukwu Okoli ◽  
Reed Pukkila-Worley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND: Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality among pregnant women in Nigeria. However, the contribution of malaria infection to neonatal development is incompletely understood. Here we determined the prevalence of placental malarial infection in six communities in Anambra State, Nigeria, between 2005 and 2006, and compare these data to neonatal birth weight. METHODOLOGY: Blood samples were obtained from the placenta of 500 parturient mothers and examined for the presence of malaria parasites. Newborn birth weight was then compared with the malaria status of their mothers. RESULTS: Placental malarial infection was found in 322 of 500 mothers (64.4%). The prevalence of infection did not differ among the six different Nigerian communities (P = 0.978). Furthermore, there was no difference in infection rates between rural and urban areas (64.9% vs. 64.0%, respectively, P = 0.827). Interestingly, neonates born from mothers with placental malaria had lower birth weights than neonates born from uninfected mothers [2500 g (range 1900 g - 3200 g) vs. 3800 g (range 3200 g - 4700 g), P < 0.001]. Forty-five percent (145/322) of the newborns born from infected mothers were of low birth weight (defined as birth weight less than 2,500 g). CONCLUSION: Malaria infection during pregnancy is common in Nigeria and is likely associated with low newborn birth weight.

scholarly journals Deprivation, low birth weight, and children's height: a comparison between rural and urban areas.

BMJ ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 307 (6917) ◽  
pp. 1458-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Reading ◽  
S Raybould ◽  
S Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Satisfaction of Patients with TB-DOTS Implementation in Rural and Urban Centres of Selected Dots accredited facilities in Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
M. C. Ohamaeme ◽  
F. Ilika ◽  
C. C. Aniagboso ◽  
M. U. Elendu ◽  
C. R. Aniemena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Cost Implications

Background: This study assessed the level of satisfaction of patients with TB implementation in selected DOTS accredited facilities. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional analytic study involving rural and urban areas implementing DOTS for TB in Anambra State was done. A total of 354 respondents (177 per sub population) were enrolled in the study. By exit interview respondents were administered the questionnaire that bordered on services rendered and cost implications of accessing treatment at the facilities. Results: A total of 162(91.5%) rural respondents were satisfied with appropriateness of working hours compared to 166(93.8%) participants in urban areas. Also 141(79.7%) respondents in rural areas were satisfied with waiting time compared to 155(87.6%) in urban areas and this was statistically significant p<0.004. For the cleanliness of the specimen bottle 138(77.8%) rural respondents compared to 148(83.6%) in urban areas were satisfied and this was statistically significant, p<0.001. Majority of the urban respondents 123(68.9%) were satisfied with respect offered by health workers compared to rural 114(64.4%), and this was also significant, p<0.000. Concerning cost incurred and information given by health workers more urban respondents 5(2.8%) were dissatisfied compared to rural 2(1.1%) though not statistically significant p= 0.378. However, satisfaction was slightly higher in urban (82.8%) compared to rural (80.8%) respondents, while the overall satisfaction in this study was 81.8%. Conclusion: Patient`s satisfaction is a panacea for successful DOTS implementation. We therefore recommend that satisfaction could be improved by provision patient-centred requests such as provision of multivitamins, transport, food among others to help improve DOTS because it will encourage attendance and adherence with better outcomes.

scholarly journals Urban-rural Differences in the Risk Factors of Severe Under-5 Child Malnutrition in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asibul Islam Anik ◽  
Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury ◽  
Hafiz TA Khan ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal ◽  
Nirmala K. Panagodage Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract IntroductionSevere under-5 child malnutrition (i.e., severe stunting, severe wasting and severe underweight) is high in Bangladesh. The interplay between risk factors needs to be understood to address this complex public health issues. We aim to explore the prevalence and risk factors for severe under-5 child malnutrition in Bangladesh's rural and urban areas using the Composite Index of Severe Anthropometric Failure (CISAF).MethodsWe analysed data from Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHSs), 2017-18. Severe malnutrition was defined using the CISAF, and conventional nutritional indicators were aggregated to estimate malnutrition's overall burden. The proportional differences of variables between non-severe malnutrition and severe malnutrition group were assessed using Chi-square test. Risk factors for malnutrition were analysed using regression models to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe overall prevalence of severe under-5 child malnutrition was 11% with 12% in rural areas and 10% in urban areas. The key risk factors in rural areas were children born with small birth weight (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.8), socio-economically poorest households (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4–3.7) and children aged 36-47 months (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6–2.8). The key risk factors in urban areas were children born with small birth weight (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 2.9–8.6), children of mothers with no formal education (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.6) and children's birth order ≥4 (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8). 52% lower risk difference of parents with formal education vs no formal education, and 71% higher risk difference of most affluent vs poorest household for being severely malnourished were estimated in rural areas than in urban areas.ConclusionOne in ten children living in both rural and urban areas experience severe malnutrition. Children of parents with no formal education, children of underweight mothers, those living in socio-economically poorest households and children of small birth weight experienced severe malnutrition regardless of setting. Educational attainments and access to health and nutritional care may not be enough to reduce the burden of severe malnutrition in rural settings. Our study provides helpful guidelines for context-specific interventions to reduce under-5 severe malnutrition.

Assessment of the implementation of providers and patients adherence to Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) strategy for Tuberculosis chemotherapy in Anambra State Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-57
Author(s):  
M.C. Ohamaeme ◽  
C.C. Ibeh ◽  
O.F. Emelumadu ◽  
N.N. Ezeama ◽  
U.C. Anyanwagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Worker ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Background: The Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) is a widely accepted strategy in the management of TB, however, Failure cases and Multi-drug resistant cases are also on the increase, hence the need to assess the adherence to the implementation of this veritable strategy from providers and patients views. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study involving 32 DOTS accredited facilities in rural and urban areas implementing DOTS strategy was utilized for this study. A total of 354 were randomly selected and assessed with the use of a questionnaire while a checklist was used to assess providers’ adherence. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square and Fisher`s exact test was used to test significance set at p<0.05. Results: The rural respondents spent less to get to the DOTS facility and this was statistically significant (p=0-02). The reasons for missing medications in rural compared to urban areas was also statistically significant (p=0.00). No health worker was noted to observe patients other than parents or siblings from the questionnaires and this was also statistically significant, (p=0.03). Overall patients adherence was 86.2% in rural compared to 87.6% in urban areas which was higher. None of the facilities in both subpopulations had health education checklist and one rural facility drug that passed expiration date was also seen. Conclusions: Overall adherence to DOTS implementation was high in both subpopulations, however, no health worker observed the patients. Direct observation of patients and follow-up is strongly recommended to prevent failure and resistant cases. Key words: Implementation; DOTS strategy; Providers adherence; Patients adherence; Anambra State.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments
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