Court Workforce Racial Diversity and Racial Justice in Criminal Case Outcomes in the United States, 2000-2005

The article deals with the specific features of the presumption of innocence principle and the problems of its implementation in Russia and the United States of America, as well as theoretical issues of this concept. The materials of practice reflecting violations of the principle of presumption of innocence are presented, and various opinions of legal scholars on the implementation of the principle of presumption of innocence are given. Examples from practice are analyzed, including cases that have a high public profile: the criminal case against two football players Pavel Mamaev and Alexander Kokorin, the decision of the Strasbourg European Court of human rights in the case “Fedorenko V. Russia” and the criminal case of the famous American producer Harvey Weinstein. The article analyzes the “plea bargain” that is used in the United States of America. The problems of implementing the principle of presumption of innocence and ways to solve them are outlined.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780190860554.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Valls

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

Social Construction ◽

Political Theory ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Color Blind ◽

American Society ◽

Liberal Political Theory

The persistence of racial inequality in the United States raises deep and complex questions of racial justice. Some observers argue that public policy must be “color-blind,” while others argue that policies that take race into account should be defended on grounds of diversity or integration. This chapter begins to sketch an alternative to both of these, one that supports strong efforts to address racial inequality but that focuses on the conditions necessary for the liberty and equality of all. It argues that while race is a social construction, it remains deeply embedded in American society. A conception of racial justice is needed, one that is grounded on the premises provided by liberal political theory.

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Between a Rock and a Hard Past

Contexts ◽

10.1177/15365042211035341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 54-56

Author(s):

Katharine Gary

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice

In this article, the author compares the May 4th protests on Kent State's campus to the current protests for racial justice across the United States.

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The Instability of Highly Racially Diverse Residential Neighborhoods in the United States

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649218819168 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 365-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard Wright ◽

Mark Ellis ◽

Steven R. Holloway ◽

Gemma Catney

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Predominantly White ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Racial Diversity ◽

Black Population ◽

The United States ◽

Racially Diverse ◽

Absolute Level ◽

The Stability ◽

High Diversity

This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse tracts were the exception rather than the rule. The vast majority of highly diverse tracts transitioned to that state from being predominantly White. Those that transitioned from being highly racially diverse were most likely to transition to being majority Latino. Although the absolute level of metropolitan racial diversity has no effect on the stability of high-diversity tracts, change in both metropolitan-scale racial diversity and population raise the probability of a tract’s transitioning to high diversity. Metropolitan-scale racial diversity did not affect the stability of highly diverse tracts, but it did alter the patterns of succession from them. The authors also found that highly diverse tracts were unstable and less likely to form in metropolitan areas with high percentages of Blacks. Increased metropolitan-level diversity mutes this Black population share effect by reducing the probability of high-diversity tract succession to a Black majority.

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“Using History to Make Slavery History”: The African American Past and the Challenge of Contemporary Slavery

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v3i1.143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 125-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James B. Stewart

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

African American ◽

African Americans ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Specific Detail ◽

Abolitionist Movement ◽

Racist Ideology

This article argues that contemporary antislavery activism in the United States is programmatically undermined and ethically compromised unless it is firmly grounded in a deep understanding of the African American past. Far too frequently those who claim to be “the new abolitionists” evince no interest in what the original abolitionist movement might have to teach them and seem entirely detached from a U.S. history in which the mass, systematic enslavement of African Americans and its consequences are dominating themes. As a result contemporary antislavery activism too often marginalizes the struggle for racial justice in the United States and even indulges in racist ideology. In an effort to overcome these problems, this article seeks to demonstrate in specific detail how knowledge of the African American past can empower opposition to slavery as we encounter it today.

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Seeking Criminal Justice Clarity amid Historic Chaos

Federal Sentencing Reporter ◽

10.1525/fsr.2020.33.1-2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Douglas A. Berman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Federal Sentencing ◽

Criminal Justice Systems ◽

Societal Changes ◽

Justice Systems ◽

The Many ◽

The Impact

The remarkable events of 2020 have disrupted and altered all sorts of plans, and this issue of FSR covers some of the many varied criminal justice and sentencing echoes of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and urgent new calls for racial justice. The intense and dynamic topics that have come to define 2020 in the United States necessarily impact, and may even consume our thinking, about modern criminal justice systems generally and federal sentencing realities in particular. Included in this FSR issue are reports and data and commentary that predate spring shutdowns and summer protests and related developments; but these materials now carry distinctive meaning and even a new urgency in light of 2020 challenges. It is impossible to fully assess in short order the impact of massive societal changes on the federal sentencing system, but we are hopeful this FSR issue can provided added perspective to a rapidly changing world that still often seems hard to fully grasp.

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Ichigo-Ichie

Handbook of Research on Leading Higher Education Transformation With Social Justice, Equity, and Inclusion - Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7152-1.ch001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Hideko Sera ◽

Andrew F. Wall

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Japanese Language ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Critical Importance ◽

Faculty And Staff ◽

Fundamental Tension ◽

Sociopolitical Climate ◽

The U.S

Racial justice dialogues in many U.S. higher education spaces have primarily stemmed from a desire to educate the uninformed. Many institutions have failed to attend to their students, faculty, and staff of color while focusing on providing “safe” places for the uninformed. Such efforts seem to have led to an extreme complacency of those who need to change the most to become disillusioned that they have done more than enough to contribute to race dialogues on campus. In the current sociopolitical climate in the United States, the U.S. higher education is facing unprecedented pressure to attend to the fundamental tension between those two worlds. In the Japanese language, ichigo-ichie (一期一会) is a famous saying that embodies the spirit of 'here and now'. Translated as “one time, one meeting,” it symbolizes the critical importance of how one encounter could lead to transformational changes. Contrary to the noble concept of 'trying again' many times before succeeding, ichigo-ichie poses this question: What if all we have is one time, one encounter, and one chance to get it right?

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Postcolonial Critique in a Multispecies World

PMLA ◽

10.1632/pmla.2009.124.2.556 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 556-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Neel Ahuja

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

The Poor ◽

Animal Advocacy ◽

Intellectual Production ◽

Independent Species

Histories of race and empire have shaped the field imaginary of species studies from its inception. Politically, the field's animal-activist heritage models its critique on movements for racial justice. Historically, this move links to Enlightenment conceptions of animals that relied on the same objectifying methods used to represent slaves and the poor: sentimentality, representations of cruelty, humane manifestos. Epistemologically, the taxonomic tools that name the objects of analysis have been deployed to define non-Europeans as subspecies or independent species. Geographically, the field's intellectual production is centered in the United States, Australia, and Britain, tied to neocolonial institutions of animal advocacy, and slow in recognizing internal critiques of animal and ecological movements by activists of color.

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Introduction

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190262204.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Azaransky

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Civil Rights Movement ◽

Martin Luther ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

The World ◽

Martin Luther King ◽

Independence Movements

The introduction describes a group of black Christian intellectuals and activists who looked abroad, even in other religious traditions, for ideas and practices that could fuel a racial justice movement in the United States. They envisioned an American racial justice movement akin to independence movements that were gaining ground around the world. The American civil rights movement would be, as Martin Luther King Jr., later described it, “part of this worldwide struggle.”

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