scholarly journals Induction of Immune Responses by DNA Vaccines Formulated with Dendrimer and Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Nano-Adjuvants in BALB/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Tabatabaie ◽  
Nasim Samarghandi ◽  
Somayeh Zarrati ◽  
Fatemeh Maleki ◽  
Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genus Leishmania

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease induced by a protozoan from the genus Leishmania. No effective vaccine has yet been developed against the disease.AIM: In this work, two nano-vaccines, TSA recombinant plasmid and dendrimer and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles (as adjuvants), were designed and tested for their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice.METHODS: After the plasmid construction and preparation of adjuvants, three intramuscular injections of the nano-vaccines (100 µg) and the recombinant TSA protein (20 µg) were subcutaneously performed. Eventually, the challenged animals were infected with the parasites (1*106 promastigotes). After the last injections of the nano-vaccines, the responses of their antibody subclasses and cytokines were assessed via ELISA method before and after the challenge.RESULTS: This study revealed that the new nano-vaccines were strong and effective in inducing specific antibody and cellular responses and reducing the parasite burden in the spleen compared to the control groups of Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice.CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we can suggest that the formulated vaccines are suitable candidates for further studies in the field of leishmaniasis control. 

Effect of Doping different Percentages of Lithium Fluoride on Some Optical Characteristics of Poly-Methyl Methacrylate Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Ghaidaa Jabbar Habi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Reflectivity Spectra ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermal Pressing ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Pressing Technology

This study implements the optical characteristics of Poly-Methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer before and after doping different percentages of Lithium Fluoride (LiF). Where the specimens were formulated as disk shape with diameter of (2.5 cm) and thickness of (0.148 cm) using Thermal pressing technology. The absorbance and reflectivity spectra were recorded in addition to their coefficients at range (300-1100) nm. Also, the study has included the determination of refraction and real and imaginary part of dielectric constant coefficients.

scholarly journals Effects of nystatin, fluconazole and propolis on poly(methyl methacrylate) resin surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander José da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Nunes Rached ◽  
Pedro Luis Rosalen ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Knoop Hardness ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Pmma Surface

The prevalence of candidosis in denture wearers is as well established as its treatment with antifungal agents (AAs). However, little research has been done regarding the effects of AAs on denture base surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluconazole (FLU), nystatin (NYS) and propolis orabase gel (PRO) on poly (methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces. Deionized water and orabase gel without any active component were used as control groups. Conventional heat-polymerized (Clássico) and microwave-polymerized (Onda Cryl) acrylic resins were used. After polymerization, the specimens were polished and had their surfaces evaluated for roughness, free energy and Knoop hardness. Subsequently, specimens were immersed in AAs and controls for 14 days at 35±2 °C and all variables were measured again. Data were analyzed statistically by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test ( α=0.05). Roughness results showed similar behavior for both PMMA resins, with PRO reaching the highest values and differing significantly from the other AAs (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the two PMMA resins or between NYS and FLU as regards surface free energy. In conclusion, PRO was able to induce changes in PMMA surface properties, such as roughness, which could be related to microbial adhesion.

scholarly journals Mössbauer studies of iron doped poly(methyl methacrylate) before and after ion beam modification

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. S. Somayajulu ◽  
C. N. Murthy ◽  
D. K. Awasthi ◽  
N. V. Patel ◽  
M. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Mössbauer Studies ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ion Beam Modification ◽  
Iron Doped ◽  
Before And After

TUNING THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES WITH HIGHER GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION: POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE)/LEAD OXIDE (PbO) COMPOSITE NANOSTRUCTURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. AKAY ◽  
S. B. OCAK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

In this study the effects of [Formula: see text]Co gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical properties of the poly (methyl methacrylate)/lead oxide nanoparticle (PMMA/PbO) have been investigated. To show the influence of [Formula: see text]Co gamma-ray irradiation on the current–voltage ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) characteristics of the composite structure, which are based on the PMMA/PbO, have been measured before and after gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature and in dark. The analyze of the electrical parameters which are found out as strong function of voltage. Thus, structures has been investigated in the wide range of voltage (– 2 V to + 4 V) using Standard and Cheung methods.

scholarly journals Epitope Selection for Fighting Visceral Leishmaniosis: Not All Peptides Function the Same Way

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Abel Martínez-Rodrigo ◽  
Alicia Mas ◽  
Daniel Álvarez-Campos ◽  
José A. Orden ◽  
Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Enzyme Modulation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis ◽  
Epitope Selection ◽  
Local Side ◽  
High Binding Affinity

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Treatments are expensive, toxic, and ineffective. Therefore, vaccination seems to be a promising approach to control VL. Peptide-based vaccination is a useful method due to its stability, absence of local side effects, and ease of scaling up. In this context, bioinformatics seems to facilitate the use of peptides, as this analysis can predict high binding affinity epitopes to MHC class I and II molecules of different species. We have recently reported the use of HisAK70 DNA immunization in mice to induce a resistant phenotype against L. major, L. infantum, and L. amazonensis infections. In the present study, we used bioinformatics tools to select promising multiepitope peptides (HisDTC and AK) from the polyprotein encoded in the HisAK70 DNA to evaluate their immunogenicity in the murine model of VL by L. infantum. Our results revealed that both multiepitope peptides were able to induce the control of VL in mice. Furthermore, HisDTC was able to induce a better cell-mediated immune response in terms of reduced parasite burden, protective cytokine profile, leishmanicidal enzyme modulation, and specific IgG2a isotype production in immunized mice, before and after infectious challenge. Overall, this study indicates that the HisDTC chimera may be considered a satisfactory tool to control VL because it is able to activate a potent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell protective immune responses.

scholarly journals Optical Study on Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(vinyl acetate) Blends

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ir Transmission ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Ft Ir

Transparent films of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blend with different concentrations were prepared by using solution-cast technique. FT-IR transmission spectra were carried for the samples to detect the influence of UV radiation. In addition, optical absorption measurements were carried out for the samples at room temperature across the 190–900 nm wavelength regions before and after exposure to UV and filtered radiation using xenon arc lamp. The study has been also extended to include the changes in the optical parameters including the band tail width and band gap energies for the samples. Moreover, the refractive index was calculated for the samples from specular reflection and absorption spectrum before and after exposure to UV and filtered radiation.

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

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