scholarly journals Effect of Revaccination with Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Containing Higher Antigen Concentration in Non-responder Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 1010-1013
Author(s):  
Riska Habriel Ruslie ◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Sirega
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunosuppressant Medications ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine ◽  
Global Health Problem

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem carrying significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implemented with good effectiveness, but a small proportion of children do not respond well after complete routine vaccination. They are called non-responders and are at higher risk for HBV infection. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of revaccination with recombinant HBV vaccine containing higher antigen concentration in non-responder children. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 2018 until December 2019. Inclusion criteria were children aged 9–15 months and had three doses of recombinant HBV at 0, 1, and 6 months old. Exclusion criteria were the presence of acute or chronic hepatitis B and conditions which alter immune function and immunosuppressant medications consumption. Demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from each subject along with serum HBsAb titer examination. Subjects with serum anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) titer of <10 IU/L were classified into non-responders and underwent revaccination with 3 doses of vaccine containing 20 μg HBsAg. The revaccination series was repeated until all subjects showed seroconversion. After each series, repeated serum HBsAb titer measurements were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 400 children were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 12.1 (SD 2.64) months. Subjects were dominated with females (54.0) and normal nutritional status (79.0). The rate of non-responsiveness was 9.0%. Of all non-responders, 88.9% experienced seroconversion after the first revaccination series. After the third revaccination series, all subjects had serum HBsAb titer at the protective level. CONCLUSION: Revaccination with recombinant HBV vaccine containing higher antigen concentration in non-responder children is effective.

scholarly journals Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine in Term and Preterm Babies Received as per EPI Schedule

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Kumer Dey ◽  
Zakia Nahar ◽  
Suparna Chowdhury ◽  
M Shahidullah ◽  
Shahana A Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Poor Responder ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine

Objective: To determine the immune response of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinegiven according to EPI schedule and to compare the antibody response among termand preterm babies.Setting: EPI centre, Paediatric OPD and Department of Virology, Bangabandhu SheikhMujib Medical University (BSMMU).Duration: May 2006 to April 2007.Study Population: Thirty preterm and thirty term babies who received 3 doses of HBVvaccination according to EPI schedule.Outcome variables: Immune response to HBV vaccine according to gestational age, accordingto birth weight and comparison of immune response among term and preterm babies.Results: Thirty three percent infants were non-responder in all the groups and 50%infants were good responders in 34-36 weeks and above. Total response was 80%among preterm and 86.6% among term infants.Conclusion: Most of the infants showed positive immune response and there was nosignificant difference among term and preterm babies.Key words: Efficacy of HBV vaccine; immune response; poor responder; good responder.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5668Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 1-5

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HBSAG AND ANTI HCV IN MULTITRANSFUSED THALASSEMIC CHILDREN IN DISTRICT SWAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
ALI JAN ◽  
ISRAR UL HAQ ◽  
IHSAN UL HAQ ◽  
ASHFAQ ◽  
SALMAN MUSTAAN
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Very High ◽  
At Home

Background: Patients with thalassemia major are treated conventionally with multiple transfusions and areat a risk of developing Transfusion Transmitted Infections including Hepatitis B virus (HbsAg) and HCVhepatitis (Anti HCV). Strict criteria of safe donor selection have to be adopted in order to minimize the riskof infections. The present study was carried out to estimate the real frequency of hepatitis B virus (HBV) andhepatitis C virus (HCV) in (3 -Thalassemia patients of district Swat, and to determine the infectionassociated risk factors in these patients. A prospective study was conducted in a dedicated six beds chamberfor these patients in the department of Child Health Saidu Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat from June2010 to June 2012.Methods: This study was carried out on 250 multitransfused thalassemia major patients. They werescreened for hepatitis B surface antigen(HbsAg) and antihepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV antibodies)by Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The patient's age ranged from 2 years to 21 years.Majority of the patients included in the study had received more than 10 transfusions. The males were 162(64.8%) and the females were 88 (35.2%)Results: Out of the 250 patients 27(11%) were positive for HbsAg and 93(37%) were positive for anti HCVantibodies. Most of these patients have been transfused at home with unscreened blood during the days ofunrest in the area, during which it was not possible to take their children to hospital for blood transfusion.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HCV and HBV infections are very high among (3-thalassemic patients,which calls for a critical look into the prevailing transfusion practices and Adoption of stricter donorselection criteria to decrease the prevalence of both HCV and HBV infections effectively. It should be madesure that no transfusion should be done at home to avoid the transmission of these infections due tounscreened blood. In order to achieve the goal of decreasing the prevalence of HBV it should also be madesure that no child is left unvaccinated against Hepatitis B.Keywords: HbsAg,Anti-HCV antibodies; Thalassemia major; Safe blood transfusion

scholarly journals Protective Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Responses in Rhesus Monkeys Primed with a Vectored Measles Virus and Boosted with a Single Dose of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
pp. 9013-9017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Reyes-del Valle ◽  
Gregory Hodge ◽  
Michael B. McChesney ◽  
Roberto Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT The widely used hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is based on three doses of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) protein. We previously showed that vectored measles viruses (MV) expressing HBsAg retain measles vaccine function in monkeys but do not induce a protective anti-HBs response in all animals. We show here that a single dose of HBsAg protein following a three-dose vaccination regimen with an optimized HBsAg-expressing MV elicits protective anti-HBs responses in all four vaccinated Rhesus monkeys. Vaccination strategies coupling the effective, long-term immunity elicited by the high-coverage MV vaccine to prophylactic HBV immunity are discussed.

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

scholarly journals Complete-genome analysis of hepatitis B virus from wild-born chimpanzees in central Africa demonstrates a strain-specific geographical cluster

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 2679-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Makuwa ◽  
Sandrine Souquière ◽  
Olivier Bourry ◽  
Pierre Rouquet ◽  
Paul Telfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Geographical Cluster ◽  
Loads Analysis

In order to determine whether geographical or species clustering accounts for the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in subspecies of chimpanzees in Africa, four complete chimpanzee HBV (ChHBV) genome sequences were obtained from eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive wild-born chimpanzees from Cameroon, Republic of Congo and Gabon. The serological profiles of these chimpanzees corresponded to the acute or chronic highly replicative phase of HBV infection, as confirmed by high plasma HBV loads. Analysis of the sequence alignment of 256 aa (S region) from the eight HBV-infected chimpanzees allowed us to determine the HBV amino acid patterns specific to each chimpanzee subspecies and to their geographical origin. Phylogenetic analysis of both the S region and the complete genome confirmed this distinctive clustering of eight novel ChHBV strains within Pan troglodytes. The strong phylogenetic associations of ChHBV sequences with both chimpanzee subspecies and their geographical origin were therefore confirmed.

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