scholarly journals Assessment of Infection Control Measures at Primary Health Care Facilities in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 629-633
Author(s):  
Hoda Ibrahim Ibrahim Rizk ◽  
Hanan Abd-Elghani EL-Raghi ◽  
Marwa M. Zein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
International Assessment

BACKGROUND: Primary care facilities (primary health cares [PHCs]) in Egypt are public sector facilities and the issue of infection control (IC) in public sector facilities is important because public sector facilities are the only option available to most low-income groups, who constitute most of Egypt’s population. AIM: The aim of the study is to the assessment of IC measures in PHC by national and international assessment tools. STUDY DESIGN: Health system operation research, observational study. METHODOLOGY: Sample: 3 Egyptian PHCs, all health care providers (HCPs) in each facility were interviewed with a total number (55 doctors and 34 nurses). using a national assessment tool, interview questionnaire derived from the international assessment tool, and hand hygiene observation checklist. RESULTS: Although the availability of supplies, presence of administrative activities, and good infrastructure, items related to manpower practice (cleaning activities and procedures) had the lowest percent score (57.9% and 68.5%, respectively). Almost all doctors and nurses did not have a pre-employment tuberculin skin test. Hand hygiene compliance was very low among HCPs during the observation time (1.6% for doctors and 10% for nurses). CONCLUSION: The national IC assessment tool of PHC facilities in Egypt is well structured, but defective in the assessment of employee health activities related to IC. Tuberculin skin test as screening of tuberculosis for the HCPs is neither done pre-employment nor periodically. Despite the availability of supplies for hand hygiene practice and good IC knowledge, the compliance was very low during the observation time.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health Care Workers’ Knowledge and Practice Toward Infection Standard Precautions in Primary Health Care setting, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanein Saad ALjohani ◽  
Amel Abdalrahim Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Study Participants

Background: This study aimed to assess knowledge of standard precautions (SPs) and infection control by healthcare workers (HCWs) at the primary healthcare level in Buraidah City, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional study enrolled HCWs (doctors, nurses, lab workers) from 20 primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Buraidah. Two-hundred participants were selected randomly to participate in this study. Data was collected by a pretested, self-administered questionnaire, containing 29 items about basic knowledge of components of SPs and infection control including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, sharps disposal, environmental sanitation and care of healthcare providers. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean age of HCWs was 35.7 (SD±6.6) years. Females represented (51.5%) of the study participants. History of receiving formal training in standard infection control precaution in the last three years was mentioned by almost two-thirds (68.5%) of them. About 102 (51.0%) of the HCWs had adequate level of knowledge (>5 correct answers) regarding standard precautions(SPs) of infection control. The younger (p=0.020), non-Saudi healthcare workers (p<0.001), physicians (p<0.001); particularly consultants (p=0.018), were more knowledgeable than their counterparts. The barriers of improper use of PPEs reported by HCWs were uncomfortable (61.5%), some patients feel stigmatized when PPEs are used (60.5%), shortage in items at PHCC (54%) and workload due to patients’ over-crowding (49%). Conclusion: Generally the study finding revealed adequate knowledge of SPs among the study participants. However, inadequate knowledge particularly concerning the disposal of sharp instruments and hand hygiene were also detected. These findings highlighted the necessity of the provision of a comprehensive training program to ensure compliance with infection control measures by HCWs. Key words: knowledge, practice, infection standard precautions, primary health care

scholarly journals A retrospective audit of antibiotic prescriptions in primary health-care facilities in Eastern Region, Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Anne Ahiabu ◽  
Britt P Tersbøl ◽  
Richard Biritwum ◽  
Ib C Bygbjerg ◽  
Pascal Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities

scholarly journals Can public sector community health workers deliver a nurturing care intervention in South Africa? The Amagugu Asakhula feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Klingberg ◽  
Esther M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
Stephanie T. Jong ◽  
Catherine E. Draper
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Primary Health Care Facility ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Background Nurturing care interventions have the potential to promote health and development in early childhood. Amagugu Asakhula was designed to promote developmentally important dietary and movement behaviours among children of preschool age (3–5 years) in South Africa. An initial formative study in Cape Town found the intervention to be feasible and acceptable when delivered by community health workers (CHWs) linked to a community-based organisation. This study evaluated the delivery of the Amagugu Asakhula intervention by CHWs linked to a public sector primary health care facility in Soweto, as this mode of delivery could have more potential for sustainability and scalability. Methods A qualitative design was utilised to assess feasibility, acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, implementation, fidelity and context. CHWs (n = 14) delivered the intervention to caregivers (n = 23) of preschool-age children in Soweto over 6 weeks. Following the completion of the intervention, focus group discussions were held with CHWs and caregivers. Further data were obtained through observations, study records and key informant interviews (n = 5). Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis guided by a process evaluation framework. Results The delivery of the Amagugu Asakhula intervention through CHWs linked to a primary health care facility in Soweto was not found to be feasible due to contextual challenges such as late payment of salaries influencing CHW performance and willingness to deliver the intervention. CHWs expressed dissatisfaction with their general working conditions and were thus reluctant to take on new tasks. Despite barriers to successful delivery, the intervention was well received by both CHWs and caregivers and was considered a good fit with the CHWs’ scope of work. Conclusions Based on these findings, delivery of the Amagugu Asakhula intervention is not recommended through public sector CHWs in South Africa. This feasibility study informs the optimisation of implementation and supports further testing of the intervention’s effectiveness when delivered by CHWs linked to community-based organisations. The present study further demonstrates how implementation challenges can be identified through qualitative feasibility studies and subsequently addressed prior to large-scale trials, avoiding the wasting of research and resources.

Development of the perceptions of preventable adverse events assessment tool (PPAEAT): measurement properties and patients’ mental health status

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Maria Keller ◽  
Christina Derksen ◽  
Lukas Kötting ◽  
Martina Schmiedhofer ◽  
Sonia Lippke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Item Scale

Abstract Background Patient-centered care and patient involvement have been increasingly recognized as crucial elements of patient safety. However, patient safety has rarely been evaluated from the patient perspective with a quantitative approach aiming at making patient safety and preventable adverse events measurable. Objectives The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire assessing patient safety by perceived triggers of preventable adverse events among patients in primary health-care settings while considering mental health. Methods Two hundred and ten participants were recruited through various digital and print channels and asked to complete an online survey between November 2019 and April 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify domains of triggers of preventable adverse events affecting patient safety. Furthermore, a multi-trait scaling analysis was performed to evaluate internal reliability as well as item-scale convergent–discriminant validity. A multivariate analysis of covariance evaluated whether individuals below and above the symptom threshold for depression and generalized anxiety perceive triggers of preventable adverse events differently. Results The five factors determined were information and communication with patients, time constraints of health-care professionals, diagnosis and treatment, hygiene and communication among health-care professionals, and knowledge and operational procedures. The questionnaire demonstrated a good total and subscale internal consistency (α = 0.90, range = 0.75–0.88), good item-scale convergent validity with significant correlations between 0.57 and 0.78 (P &lt; 0.05; P &lt; 0.01) for all items with their associated subscales, and satisfactory item-scale discriminant validity between 0.14 and 0.55 (P &gt; 0.05) with no significant correlations between the items and their competing subscales. The questionnaire further revealed to be a generic measure irrespective of patients’ mental health status. Patients older than 50 years of age perceived a significantly greater threat to their own safety compared to patients below that age. Conclusion The developed Perceptions of Preventable Adverse Events Assessment Tool (PPAEAT) exhibits good psychometric properties, which supports its use in future research and primary health-care practice. Further validation of the PPAEAT in different settings, languages and larger samples is needed. The results of this study need to be considered when assessing patient safety in the context of health-care research.

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