Revision of the Exechia parva group (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)

Exechia is a diverse genus of small fungus gnats, widespread in the Holarctic Region, while the fauna is largely unknown elsewhere, such as in the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Members of Exechia can be arranged into several species groups, based on homologies in the male and female terminalia. The Exechia parva group is delimited, based on male terminalia possessing a pair of gonocoxal lobes on the apicoventral gonocoxal margin. Eight previously-described species can be placed in this group, of which six are from the Holarctic Region, while one is recorded each from the Oriental and the Afrotropical Regions. The Exechia parva group was reviewed and found to include 33 species, of which 24 were described as new to science and six were re-described. Identification keys to 32 species for males and nine species for females are provided together with illustrations and photos of male and female terminalia. Species delimitations were based on morphological examination of 94 male and female specimens, as well as DNA barcodes obtained from 124 specimens. Molecular and morphological species delimitations were mostly congruent, except in two cases where two species were delimited within a single Barcode Index Number (BIN). We found that each species is only known from a single zoogeographical region and that several species complexes are largely congruent with zoogeographical divisions, indicating that intercontinental barriers may have a strong impact on the species diversity of the group.

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Revision of the pollen beetle genus Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Fragmenta Entomologica ◽

10.4081/fe.2014.71 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolo Audisio ◽

Simone Sabatelli ◽

Josef Jelìnek

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Central China ◽

Pollen Beetle ◽

Sw China ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Western Palearctic ◽

Specific Rank ◽

Species Groups ◽

Available Information ◽

First Time

A taxonomic revision of members of the genus Meligethes Stephens, 1830 is carried out. Taxonomic and distributional notes are provided on fiftythree Meligethes species, mostly known from the Eastern Palearctic and marginally from the Western Palearctic and the Oriental Regions. Among these, twentythree new species of Meligethes are diagnosed, figured and described: M. argentithorax sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi), M. aurantirugosus sp. n. (Nepal), M. aureolineatus sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), M. aurifer sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi), M. brassicogethoides sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), M. clinei sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), M. elytralis sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), M. ferruginoides sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), M. cinereoargenteus sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), M. henan sp. n. (Central China: Henan), M. luteoornatus sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), M. marmota sp. n. (Nepal), M. nivalis sp. n. (SW and central China: Xizang and Chongqing), M. martes sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan), M. nigroaeneus sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), M. occultus sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), M. pseudochinensis sp. n. (Central China: Hubei), M. pseudopectoralis sp. n. (SW China: Yunan), M. schuelkei sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan, Shaanxi), M. simulator sp. n. (Central-N China: Shanxi), M. stenotarsus sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan, Xizang), M. tryznai sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), and M. volkovichi sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan). Revaluations at specific rank from synonymy are introduced for Meligethes lutra Solsky 1860, and for M. melleus Grouvelle, 1908. Three new synonymies are established: Meligethes brevipilus Kirejtshuk, 1980 = M. auripilis Reitter, 1889 (syn. n.), Meligethes zakharenkoi Kirejtshuk, 2005 = M. shirakii Sadanari Hisamatsu, 1956 (syn. n.), and Meligethes shirozui Sadanari Hisamatsu, 1965 = M. wagneri Rebmann, 1956 (syn. n.). Complete redescriptions are given for Meligethes binotatus Grouvelle, 1894, M. castanescens Grouvelle, 1903, M. ferrugineus Reitter, 1873, and M. melleus Grouvelle, 1908. The male of Meligethes lloydi Easton, 1968, is described and figured for the first time. The female genitalia of Meligethes auricomus Rebmann, 1956, M. cinereus Jelínek, 1978, and M. griseus Jelínek, 1978 are described and figured for the first time. Available information on insect-host-plant relationships and ecology are summarized for each species; probably all are associated as larvae with flowers of Rosaceae, chiefly of members of the closely related genera Rosa L., Rubus L., Prunus L., and Crataegus Tourn. ex L. All treated species are grouped in two here revaluated subgenera (Meligethes s.str. and Odonthogethes Reitter, 1871), and tentatively grouped also in species-groups and (when necessary) species-complexes, based on their morphology.

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A phylogenetic revision of Calydna and relatives (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631202x00136 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 185-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jason P.W. Hall

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Genus ◽

Male And Female ◽

Basal Clade ◽

Two New Species ◽

Group A ◽

Species Groups ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Phylogenetic Revision

AbstractA phylogenetic revision of the Neotropical riodinid genus Calydna Doubleday and relatives is presented. A phylogenetic analysis for all twenty species of Calydna using thirty-eight characters of adult morphology generated four most parsimonious cladograms. Calydna is characterised to contain eighteen species, divided here into three monophyletic species groups with the relationship caieta group + (thersander group + hiria group). A new genus Echydna Hall gen. n. is described for the most basal clade, containing chaseba Hewitson and punctata C. & R. Felder, which are transferred from Calydna (combs. n.). The taxonomy, morphology, biogeography and biology of both genera are discussed, locality data is listed and mapped, and the adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for all species. Concealed male abdominal androconial scales, which phylogenetically unite the thersander and hiria groups, are reported for the first time outside of the tribes Symmachiini and Nymphidiini. Two new species are described, Calydna jeannea sp. n. and Calydna nicolayi sp. n., and the replacement name fissilisima is provided for the unavailable name fissilis Stichel; maculosa Bates is transferred from Calydna to Callistium Stichel (comb. n.).

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Four new species of Phrynus, Lamarck (Arachnida: Amblypygi) from Mexico

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4948 (2) ◽

pp. 151-183

Author(s):

DANIEL CHIRIVI JOYA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Population Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Genetic Population ◽

Male And Female ◽

Taxonomic Information ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Morphologic Variation ◽

Mexican Species

Mexico is the country with the largest diversity of the genus Phrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae); however, many species could remain hidden due to the conservative morphology of the group. Two of the Mexican species, P. operculatus, and P. jalisco show enough variation, between populations from different localities, to be considered as possible species complexes. The scarce taxonomic information of these species and the few analyses of their variation could cause misidentifications and sub estimation of the diversity. Specimens morphologically similar to P. operculatus from different Mexican localities were analyzed, using characters from the male and female genitals. Four new species are described, presenting illustrations of SEM for the male genitals. Details of the morphologic variation in this group of species are discussed, as well as the usefulness of sexual characters like the size proportions, and sclerotization in the female gonopods, and ornaments in males, to improve the diagnoses of the Mexican Phrynus. The known distribution of P. operculatus is large in comparison with those of the other species, after the result of this research, the possibility that it is a larger species complex is evident, thus, it is necessary to increase the morphologic and genetic population studies in this group.

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A review of the Barsine inflexa Moore, 1878 and the B. flavodiscalis (Talbot, 1926) species-groups, with descriptions of six new species from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4668.4.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4668 (4) ◽

pp. 543-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANTON V. VOLYNKIN ◽

KAREL ČERNÝ

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male And Female ◽

West China ◽

North West ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

South West ◽

Species Groups ◽

North Thailand ◽

India And China

The Barsine inflexa and the B. flavodiscalis species-groups are reviewed. Six new species are described: B. victoria Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North West Myanmar and North East India), B. kanchenjunga Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North East India), B. dejeani Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (South West China: Sichuan), B. thagyamin Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Myanmar), B. hreblayi Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Thailand) and B. siberuta Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Siberut Island). Adults, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.

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Two new species of Eupholus Boisduval (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), with observations on coloured cuticular exudates in weevils

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2338.1.2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2338 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

ALEXANDER RIEDEL

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

Male And Female ◽

Two New Species ◽

Species Groups ◽

Colour Patterns ◽

And Function

Two new species of Eupholus Boisduval from Papua New Guinea are described as new: Eupholus mimicus sp. n. and E. sedlaceki sp. n.. A key to the Eupholus species with yellow colour patterns is provided. E. sedlaceki is closely related to E. euphrosyne Porion but differs in coloration. Male and female terminalia of E. euphrosyne are illustrated for comparison. E. mimicus is superficially very similar to E. euphrosyne, but its yellow colour pattern is composed of scales whereas in the latter it is formed by loose particles. These two species belong to different species groups, and the conspicuous colour patterns have evidently evolved convergently. The occurrence and function of extracuticular pigments among species of Eupholini is discussed.

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Examining range disjunctions in Australian Terminalia (Combretaceae) with taxonomic revision of the T. canescens and T. cunninghamii species complexes

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb14026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Russell L. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Field Studies ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Additional Species ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

North And South ◽

A New Species

Several range disjunctions have been identified in the Australian species of the genus Terminalia L. Field studies and examination of herbarium specimens of taxa with range disjunctions have demonstrated that taxonomic changes are justified. Detailed morphological studies of the Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. species complex showed that four taxa should be recognised. The name Terminalia circumalata F.Muell. is resurrected as a taxon endemic to the Pilbara region, with T. canescens not occurring in that region. The distinction of Terminalia bursarina F.Muell., T. canescens and T. pterocarya F.Muell. is also supported. Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner has been considered to have a disjunct range between the far north and south-west of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett is described as a new species to accommodate the disjunct southern populations because morphological examination has shown them to be distinct. Terminalia kumpaja is restricted to the Dampier Botanical District. Full descriptions and illustrations of key identifying features are provided for these species. Keys to all Australian Terminalia species are presented. Additional species with disjunct distributions that warrant further study are noted. Lectotypes are selected for Terminalia circumalata and T. rogersii W.Fitzg.

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Extraordinary and extensive karyotypic variation: A 48-fold range in chromosome number in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g99-121 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lyn G Cook

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽

Chromosomal Evolution ◽

Scale Insect ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Host Genus ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Species Groups ◽

Karyotypic Variation

Chromosome number reflects strong constraints on karyotype evolution, unescaped by the majority of animal taxa. Although there is commonly chromosomal polymorphism among closely related taxa, very large differences in chromosome number are rare. This study reports one of the most extensive chromosomal ranges yet reported for an animal genus. Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae), an endemic Australian gall-inducing scale insect genus, exhibits an extraordinary 48-fold variation in chromosome number with diploid numbers ranging from 4 to about 192. Diploid complements of all other eriococcids examined to date range only from 6 to 28. Closely related species of Apiomorpha usually have very different karyotypes, to the extent that the variation within some species- groups is as great as that across the entire genus. There is extensive chromosomal variation among populations within 17 of the morphologically defined species of Apiomorpha indicating the existence of cryptic species-complexes. The extent and pattern of karyotypic variation suggests rapid chromosomal evolution via fissions and (or) fusions. It is hypothesized that chromosomal rearrangements in Apiomorpha species may be associated with these insects' tracking the radiation of their speciose host genus, Eucalyptus. Key words: Apiomorpha, cytogenetics, chromosomal evolution, holocentric.

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Molecular phylogenetics of the Australian acacias of subg. Phyllodineae (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) based on the trnK intron

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt01099 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Joseph T. Miller ◽

Rose Andrew ◽

Randall J. Bayer

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Molecular Phylogenetics ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Trnk Intron ◽

Species Groups ◽

Morphological Species ◽

Sectional Classification ◽

Relationship Of

With over 960 species, Acacia is the largest genus of plants in Australia with all but nine of these species classified as subgenus Phyllodineae. DNA sequences for the chloroplast trnK region were sequenced for over 100 species to test sectional classification and survey species relationships within this subgenus. Only one of the seven recognised sections was found to be monophyletic; however, the close relationship of sect. Botrycephalae to certain racemose, uninerved species of sect. Phyllodineae is confirmed. Support is found for an expanded version of Vassal's Pulchelloidea, with the addition of sect. Lycopodiifoliae and several members of sect. Phyllodineae. These species, while morphologically distinct in adult foliage, possess similar seedling characteristics. The multinerved species are unresolved, indicating a rapid morphological radiation with little chloroplast sequence divergence among these species. The low levels of sequence divergence, large numbers of morphological species groups and the adaptive radiation of the group are discussed.

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A re-evaluation of species limits in Canadian Arctic Island Puccinellia (Poaceae): resolving key characters

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b01-065 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (8) ◽

pp. 927-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L L Consaul ◽

L J Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Small Degree ◽

Species Boundaries ◽

Key To Species ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Morphometric Analyses ◽

Species Groups ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Variation Explained

This study examined morphological variation for species of Puccinellia that have traditionally posed problems of identification in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The first part of the study involved a re-examination of several characters that were difficult to define or describe. Microscopic examination of lemma and glume apices revealed that the characters "erose-ciliolate" lemma and glume apex margins are more accurately divided into two characters: degree to which they are erose, and presence of trichomes. These trichomes consist of acute or acuminate cells that protrude 1535 µm from the margin, sometimes with a spinulose tip up to 10 µm long. The term "thickened pedicel" is clarified to mean thickened below the apex in relation to the apex. The second part of the study involved preliminary morphometric analyses on the above-mentioned revised characters, plus other characters previously shown to have low plasticity in this genus, for 10 recognized species that are difficult to distinguish. Many species or species complexes resolved to a small degree, but no taxa formed distinct groups. Correlations among many characters were low, accounting for a low percentage of variation explained by the first few principal components. Hypotheses of species boundaries and a preliminary revised key to species and species groups, incorporating findings from this study, are presented.Key words: Puccinellia, Canadian Arctic, morphology, trichomes, principal components analysis, cluster analysis.

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A BARCODE-BASED PHYLOGENETIC SCAFFOLD FOR XYSTICUS AND ITS RELATIVES (ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE: CORIARACHNINI)

Ecologica Montenegrina ◽

10.37828/em.2019.20.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 198-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rainer Breitling

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Target Area ◽

Starting Point ◽

Main Target ◽

Holarctic Region ◽

Species Groups ◽

Crab Spider

The phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the crab spider genus Xysticus and its closest relatives (i.e., the tribe Coriarachnini, also including, e.g., Ozyptila, Coriarachne and Bassaniana) have long been controversial, with several alternative classifications being proposed, none of which has gained universal acceptance. As Coriarachnini is largely confined to the Holarctic region, the main target area of recent DNA barcoding projects for spiders, a large amount of genetic data for the group is now publicly available. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of this sequence dataset are largely congruent with earlier morphology-based results regarding the evolutionary structure of the group. In particular, they highlight the fact that Xysticus s. lat. is a paraphyletic assembly and that several species groups need to be placed in separate genera to achieve monophyly of Xysticus s. str. Similarly, Coriarachne and Bassaniana appear as independent clades rather than a joined monophyletic Coriarachne s. lat. In contrast, further subdivision of Ozyptila is not supported by the genetic data. Importantly, the analysis also shows that anapophysate members of Xysticus s. lat. form two widely separated groups: a primarily anapophysate division, also including Coriarachne and Bassaniana, at the base of Xysticus s. lat., and a secondarily anapophysate clade deeply nested within Xysticus s. str. This might explain some of the earlier difficulties when trying to define generally accepted subgroups within Xysticus s. lat. The phylogenetic scaffold based on barcode sequences is sufficiently dense and well resolved to attempt the tentative and provisional placement of the majority of species in Xysticus s. lat. in the independent genera Xysticus s. str., Bassaniodes, Psammitis and Spiracme as a starting point for a future more formal revision of the group.

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